This diploma thesis deals with an issue of treatment of alcohol dependence and the process of social inclusion of people who have undergone this process. The thesis provides an overview of services and other forms of assistance that are targeted at this group. Attention is paid mainly to the current set-up of the services and assistance system to identify strong and weak aspects of the system. The work is based on a qualitative research. The research was conducted throught expert interviews and interviews with users of these services. Theoretical basis of the work is the ethiology of addiction, which offers various explanations of the origin and persistence of the problem of alcohol dependence. The work also uses the findings of the life course perspective, which allows to map the life trajectories of the interviewees, including the recognition of key events in their lives affecting the emergence and development of addicton. The last theoretical starting point of the work is the concept of social inclusion.

The diploma thesis focuses on the topic of leaving alternative care and it is divided into two parts. In the first theoretical part I describe the system of alternative care in the Czech Republic, its division and definition. I also deal with the termination of care, preparation for independence and the last are forms of assistance and aftercare services. In the practical part, the subject of my interest will be the readiness of young people after the end of alternative care. Through a semi-structured interview, I will find out how they are doing in various areas that are important for independence. In the final part, I summarize the results of the research, which will be provided with commentary. Keywords Substitute care, family, foster care, institutional education, preparation for independent living, after-care services

Titel: Vi måste trolla med knäna- Socialsekreterares erfarenheter av eftervård till unga som lämnar dygnsvården Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka vad socialsekreterare anser attsamhällsplacerade unga har för behov i övergången mot ett självständigt vuxenliv, samtderas erfarenheter av de stöd- och hjälpinsatser som erbjuds de unga eftersamhällsplaceringens avslut. Metod: För att besvara studiens syfte och frågeställningar genomfördes tvåfokusgruppsintervjuer på två olika avdelningar inom en Socialtjänst i Sverige. Resultat: Resultatet av studien visade att socialsekreterarna anser att de unga somlämnar dygnsvården har olika förutsättningar och är i stort behov av socialt stöd ochpraktiskt stöd. Resultatet visade även att de eftervårdsinsatser som erbjuds idag intetillgodoser de identifierade behoven. Socialsekreterarna måste således trolla med knänaoch hitta egna lösningar. Diskussion: Samhället har ett stort ansvar för de placerade barnen även efter avslutadplacering och därför behöver lagen kring eftervård bli tydligare. / Title: Leaving social care in Sweden- Social workers experiences of working with young care leavers Aim: The study aims at examining what social workers consider necessary for youngcare leavers during their transition to adulthood, together with social workers experiences of working with aftercare. Method: To achieve the aim of the study, two focus group interviews were conductedwith social workers from two different sections of social services in one municipality in Sweden. Results: The result showed that according to the social workers, the young care leaversare a vulnerable group and in need of social and practical support. The study alsoshowed that the existing aftercare policies and services offered to care leavers does notmeet the identified needs. The social workers cannot therefore provide for the needs ofthe care leavers thus being forced to make things work out of the impossible. Discussion: The social services within municipalities are solely responsible for care andaftercare of the out of home placed children and youth. Therefore, there is need fordistinct policies and guidelines on aftercare.

Bakgrund: Utvecklingen av intensivvården har under de senaste åren lett till att antalet personer som överlever intensivvården har ökat. Över hälften av alla överlevare drabbas av olika komplikationer i efterförloppet som kräver behandling och rehabilitering. Kunskapen om detta är av betydelse för sjuksköterskan för att förstå vikten av personcentrerad vård efter intensivvårdsbehandling. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att sammanställa intensivvårdsbehandlade patienters upplevelser av efterförloppet. Metod: En kvalitativ litteraturstudie med induktivt förhållningssätt. Databaserna PubMed, Cinahl och SveMed+ användes för att ta fram material för studien. En kvalitetsgranskning av studierna utfördes med SBU:s granskningsmall för kvalitativa studier. Resultat: Resultatet redovisas utifrån sex kategorier: fysisk, psykisk och kognitiv påverkan, en lång återhämtningsprocess, behov av stöd från närstående, behov av omvårdnad, behov av hanteringsstrategier och förändringar av livet. Konklusion: Studiens resultat skildrar de intensivvårdsbehandlade patienternas olika upplevelser i efterförloppet. Patienterna upplevde att deras behov inte blev tillgodosedda samt att tillgången till och kvaliteten på den uppföljande vården var begränsad. De upplevde även en brist på information om vad tiden efter intensivvårdsbehandlingen skulle innebära. Den uppföljande vården har utvecklats under den senaste tiden, men behöver fortsatt utveckling för att kunna tillgodose behoven hos denna patientgrupp. / Background: The development of intensive care during the latest years have led to increasing numbers of ICU survivors. More than half of all survivors are affected by different complications after intensive care treatment that needs treatment and rehabilitation. This knowledge is of meaning for the nurse to understand the importance of person-centred care after intensive care treatment. Aim: The aim of the study was to compile patients’ experiences of recovery after intensive care treatment. Method: A literature review with a qualitative approach was used. Literature searches were performed in the databases PubMed, Cinahl and SveMed+. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using SBU’s review tamplet for qualitative studies. Results: The results are reported based on six categories: physical, mental, and cognitive impact, a long recovery-process, need for support from family and friends, need for care, need for coping strategies and changes in life. Conclusion: The results of the study describes the patients´ different experiences during the recovery from intensive care treatment. The patients experienced that their needs weren´t fullfilled and that the availability and quality of the follow-up care was limited. They also experienced that there was a lack of information about the recovery. The follow-up care has developed during the recent years, but it needs further development to be able to meet the needs of this group of patients.

The thesis deals with social work at hospital, exactly with job descripton of social worker at hospital, with support which he receives during performance of work and conditions under which he performs the work. In the theoretical part there are defined terms social work and social worker, his competence and approach to clients, hospital, patient and client. It also deals with ethical codex. Then it deals with disability and its types. It deals with family and educational styles, situation of families with child with disability, different social benefit from social welfare scheme which they can be entitled to and social services which they can use. It discusses also attitude of parents to children with disability and process of coping with this reality. Next part deals with social work at hospital, defining social work at the hospital, his education and job description requirements. There is also mentioned the term quality of life, which should social worker bear in mind during work with clients. In practial part there is analysed work of social workers at the hospital with the aim to describe their amount and activities. At first there is defined used research strategy /qualitative/, research methods and research techniques and also analyzed obtained data. Within discussion between theoretical information...

The topic Needs of people addicted to drugs and alcohol to maintain succesful abstinence in aftercare was chosen. Aftercare is an important part of addiction treatment, but often overlooked and unused. The aim is to clarify the needs of abstinent persons addicted to alcohol and other non-alcohol drugs and their subsequent comparison. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part deals with the development of addiction, its diagnosis, description of drugs and treatments options. Chapters dealing with treatment are thoroughly discussed because of the individual usage during the treatment of addiction. Aftecare of addicted people and problems with relapse take place in this part of work. The second part deals with research focused on identifying the needs of addicted people to drugs and alcohol to maintain successful abstinence and their subsequent comparison. Clarifying of these needs can serve as a recommendation to other abstaining people or as a support to services in the system of aftercare to successful abstinence nowadays. KEYWORDS Addiction, addictive substances, drug addiction treatment, abstinence, relapse, aftercare for drug and alcohol rehab

No description available.

No description available.

Hjärtstopp har ett lågt antal överlevare men under de senaste trettio åren har statistiken påvisat signifikant ökning av överlevare. Bakomliggande orsaker innefattar omfattande spektrum av tillstånd och sjukdomar, där kardiologiska och respiratoriska tillstånd påvisats i större utsträckning. Behandling och rehabilitering kan variera utifrån bakomliggande tillstånd och situation. Hjärtstoppsöverlevare har många olika besvär som framkommer i efterförloppet som leder till att patientens upplevelse av livsvärld kan komma att se sig påverkad i relation till en förändrad vardag. Genom att sjuksköterskan har förståelse för patientens upplevelse ökar möjligheten att utgå från en personcentrerad omvårdnad för att öka förutsättningarna för patienten. Syftet med studien var att belysa patienters upplevelse av att ha överlevt hjärtstopp. Metoden som användes innefattar en allmän litteraturöversikt som skapade ökad kunskap om patienternas upplevelse av att överleva hjärtstopp. Datainsamlingen genomfördes via databaser PubMed och CINAHL där det framkom totalt femton artiklar som valdes utifrån inklusions- och exklusionskriterier som besvarar valt syfte och problemformulering. Artiklarna analyserades vidare med hjälp av integrerad analys för att fastställa likheter och skillnader genom att redovisa huvudkategorier med respektive underkategorier. I resultatet redovisas varierande beskrivningar av patienters upplevelse av att överleva hjärtstopp. Resultatet har framställts i tre primära huvudkategorier; Upplevelsen av emotionella och fysiska hinder, Upplevelsen av utomståendes delaktighet samt En ny vardag och svårigheterna att hitta tillbaka. Avslutningsvis kan det konstateras att patienternas upplevelse av att överleva hjärtstopp påverkas utifrån alla aspekter i livet. Stöd från anhöriga och hälso- och sjukvården har visat sig generera en positiv uppfattning under återhämtningsfasen. Patienter är i behov av utökad information om de kommande symtom och besvär, sjuksköterskan bör erbjuda stöd, utbildning och verktyg för att kunna öka välbefinnande i deras nya verklighet. / Cardiac arrest has shown to have a low outcome of survivors but for the past thirty years the statistic of survivors has increased significantly. Underlying causes include a wide range of conditions and diseases where cardiological and respiratory conditions are the most common findings. Treatment and rehabilitation can vary based on the underlying condition and situation. Cardiac arrest can affect patients experience of life world due to the high problems and changes that emerges after surviving. These changes can cause problems in the way that the individual accept the new situation. Through an understanding of the patient's experience, the opportunity to offer a more person-centered nursing increase. The purpose of the study was to elucidate patients' experience of having survived cardiac arrest. The method used includes a general literature review to create knowledge about the patient's experience surviving a cardiac arrest. The data collection was carried out in PubMed and CINAHL where fifteen articles emerged based on the inclusion- and exclusion criteria that answered the purpose and problem formulation. Selected articles were analyzed using integrated analysis to determine similarities and differences by presenting main categories with respective subcategories. During the results, it emerged that patients who experience cardiac arrest have a broad idea of what it is like to survive cardiac arrest. Description of the patient's experience has produced three primary areas: The experience of emotional and physical obstacles, The experience of outsiders' participation and A new everyday life and the difficulties of finding their way back. It can be stated that the experience of surviving is affected by different aspects. Support from relatives and the healthcare system generate positive perception during recovery. Patients are in need of information about the upcoming symptoms and ailments, the nurse should offer support, training and tools to increase well-being in their new reality.

Introduction: Approximately 10 000 people suffer each year from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Sweden. At the turn of the millennia the survival rate for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest was circa three precent and in 2022 the survival rate had increased to around eleven percent. Survivors face cognitive, psychological, and motor problems post arrest which impacts their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) – ie. their perception of their own social and physical environment and health. The research regarding HRQoL following cardiac arrest is limited. With increasing survival rates comes an increasing need for extensive research mapping the HRQoL of cardiac arrest survivors. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate patients’ perceived health-related quality of life after surviving cardiac arrest.   Method: This study was conducted as a quantitative general literature review with an inductive content analysis. This study used articles that included the SF-36 instrument to measure the HRQoL in cardiac arrest survivors. Main- and subcategories were created based on the data extracted from the included articles. Result: Cardiac arrest patients generally experience their health-related quality of life as worse compared to the general population. Physical, psychological and social factors were identified as the main components whose effect on HRQoL was found to be the greatest. Conclusion: Cardiac arrest survivors experience a reduced HRQoL compared to the general population. The HRQoL is affected in both the psychological and physical dimensions with long term consequences. These results create a foundation for the nurse in the work to improve the HRQoL for the patient.