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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
271

Predictive MR Image Generation for Alzheimer’s Disease and Normal Aging Using Diffeomorphic Registration / Förutsägande generering av MR-bilder för Alzheimers sjukdom och normal åldrande med användning av diffeomorfisk registrering

Zheng, Yuqi January 2023 (has links)
Alzheimer´s Disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia, signifying a progressive and degenerative brain disorder that causes cognitive function deterioration including memory loss, communication difficulties, impaired judgment, and changes in behavior and personality. Compared to normal aging, AD introduces more profound cognitive impairments and brain morphology changes. Understanding these morphological changes associated with both normal aging and AD holds pivotal significance for the study of brain health. In recent years, the flourishing development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has facilitated the analysis of medical images and the study of longitudinal brain morphology evolution. Numerous advanced AI-based frameworks have emerged to generate unbiased and realistic medical templates that represent the common characteristics within a cohort, providing valuable insights for cohort studies. Among these, Atlas-GAN is a state-of-the-art framework which can generate high-quality conditional deformable templates using diffeomorphic registration. However, cohort studies are not sufficient for individualized healthcare and treatment as each patient has a unique condition. Fortunately, the introduction of a mathematical mechanism, parallel transport, enables the inference of individual brain morphological evolution from cohort-level longitudinal templates. This project proposed an image generator that integrates the pole ladder, a tool for parallel transport implementation, into Atlas-GAN, to translate the cohort-level brain morphological evolution onto individual subjects, enabling the synthesis of anatomically plausible and personalized longitudinal Magnetic Resonance (MR) images based on one individual Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan. In clinics, the synthesized images empower the physicians to retrospectively understand the patient's premorbid brain states and prospectively predict their brain morphology changes over time. Such capabilities are of paramount importance for the prognosis, diagnosis, and early-stage intervention of AD, especially given the current absence of a cure for AD. The primary contributions of this project include: (1) Introduction of an image generator that combines parallel transport with Atlas-GAN to synthesize individual longitudinal MR images for both the normal aging cohort and the cohort suffering from AD with both anatomical plausibility and preservation of individualized characteristics; (2) exploration into the prediction of individual longitudinal MR images in the case of an individual undergoing a state transition using the proposed generator; (3) conduction of both qualitative and quantitative evaluations and analyses for the synthesized images. / AD är den mest framträdande orsaken till demens och innebär en progressiv och degenerativ hjärnsjukdom som resulterar i kognitiv försämring, inklusive minnesförlust, kommunikationssvårigheter, nedsatt omdöme samt förändringar i beteende och personlighet. I jämförelse med normal åldrande introducerar AD mer djupgående kognitiva störningar och förändringar i hjärnans morfologi. Att förstå dessa morfologiska förändringar i samband med både normalt åldrande och AD har avgörande betydelse för studien av järnhälsa. De senaste årens blomstrande utveckling inom AI har underlättat analysen av medicinska bilder och studiet av långsiktig hjärnmorfologi. Flera avancerade AI-baserade ramverk har utvecklats för att generera opartiska och realistiska medicinska mallar som representerar gemensamma egenskaper inom en kohort och ger värdefulla insikter for kohortstudier. Bland dessa ar Atlas-GAN ett framstående ramverk som kan generera högkvalitativa, konditionellt deformabla mallar med hjälp av diffeomorfisk registrering. Dock ar kohortstudier inte tillräckliga för individualiserad sjukvård och behandling, eftersom varje patient har en unik situation. Som tur är möjliggör introduktionen av en matematisk mekanism, parallell transport, att man kan dra slutsatser om individuell hjärnmorfologisk utveckling från kohortbaserade longitudinella mallar. I detta projekt föreslogs en bildgenerator som integrerar pole ladder", ett verktyg for implementering av parallell transport, i Atlas- GAN. Detta möjliggör att kohortbaserad hjärnmorfologisk utveckling kan översättas till individnivå, vilket gör det möjligt att syntetisera anatomiskt trovärdiga och personifierade longitudinella MR-bilder baserade på en individs MRI-skanning. Inom kliniken gör de syntetiserade bilderna det möjligt för läkare att retrospektivt förstå patientens premorbida hjärnstatus och prospektivt förutsäga deras hjärnmorfologiska förändringar över tiden. Sådana möjligheter är av avgörande betydelse för prognos, diagnos och tidig intervention vid AD, särskilt med tanke på den nuvarande bristen på en botemedel för AD. De huvudsakliga bidragen från detta projekt inkluderar: (1) Introduktion av en bildgenerator som kombinerar parallell transport med Atlas-GAN för att syntetisera individuella longitudinella MR-bilder för både kohorten med normalt åldrande och kohorten som lider av AD, med både anatomisk trovärdighet och bevarande av individualiserade egenskaper. Dessutom har de genererade bilderna genomgått både kvalitativa och kvantitativa utvärderingar och analyser; (2) Utforskning av förutsägelse av individuella longitudinella MR-bilder i fallet när en individ genomgår en tillståndsövergång med hjälp av det föreslagna generatorn.
272

Differences in Cognitive and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and their Correlates in Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease across Different Racial/Ethnic Groups

Ndiaye, Diarra Mame 06 July 2018 (has links)
No description available.
273

Munhälsofrämjande interventioner för individer med demenssjukdom : Litteraturstudie / Oral health promotion interventions for individuals with dementia : A literature review

Alizade, Shahnaz, Mohamadi, Sara January 2024 (has links)
Introduktion/Bakgrund: Demenssjukdom är ett spektrum av neurodegenerativa tillstånd som kännetecknas avgradvis kognitiv försämring. Globalt påverkar demenssjukdom miljontals äldre individer och deras omgivning.Oral hälsa är ofta förbisedd i vårdprocesser kring demenssjukdom. Orala hälsa är viktig för livskvaliteten. Sämreoral hälsa kan leda till sämre livskvalitet, smärta och påverkan på allmänhälsan. Munhälsointerventioner är därförviktiga för att förbättra livskvaliteten och minska riskerna för orala hälsoproblem.Syfte: Att kartlägga munhälsofrämjande interventioner riktade mot äldre individer med demenssjukdom.Frågeställningar: Vilka interventioner riktas mot demenssjuka för att främja deras orala hälsa? Vilka aktöreransvarar för genomförandet av interventionerna?Metod: En litteraturstudie genomfördes för att systematiskt granska och sammanställa befintlig forskning ochkunskap om ämnet. Databaserna PubMed och CINAHL användes. Analys genomfördes med hjälp avgranskningsmallar för att bedöma kvaliteten på de inkluderade studierna.Resultat: Utbildning för vårdpersonal och samarbetsbaserade strategier med vårdpartners ledde till bättre oralhygien och livskvalitet för äldre individer med demenssjukdom. Resultaten visade att enkla, regelbundna insatsersom tandborstningstekniker och kommunikationsträning hade positiva effekter på oral hälsa och välbefinnandebland äldre individer med demenssjukdom. Samarbete mellan tandvårdspersonal, vårdpersonal och vårdpartnersförbättrade den orala hälsan hos äldre individer med demenssjukdom.Slutsats: Äldre individer med demenssjukdom har ofta haft bristande oral hälsa. För att förbättra den orala hälsanhos äldre individer med demenssjukdomar är det viktigt att vara medveten om att det är ett komplext vårdpanoramasom äldre individer vårdas inom. Interventioner på en mer övergripande nivå, såsom syftar till att etablerasamarbete i strategier, tycks vara ett utvecklingsområde.
274

Human aging in the post-GWAS era: further insights reveal potential regulatory variants

Haider, S.A., Faisal, Muhammad January 2015 (has links)
No / Human aging involves a gradual decrease in cellular integrity that contributes to multiple complex disorders such as neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) play a key role in discovering genetic variations that may contribute towards disease vulnerability. However, mostly disease-associated SNPs lie within non-coding part of the genome; majority of the variants are also present in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the genome-wide significant SNPs (GWAS lead SNPs). Overall 600 SNPs were analyzed, out of which 291 returned RegulomeDB scores of 1-6. It was observed that just 4 out of those 291 SNPs show strong evidence of regulatory effects (RegulomeDB score < 3), while none of them includes any GWAS lead SNP. Nevertheless, this study demonstrates that by combining ENCODE project data along with GWAS reported information will provide important insights on the impact of a genetic variant-moving from GWAS towards understanding disease pathways. It is noteworthy that both genome-wide significant SNPs as well as the SNPs in LD must be considered for future studies; this may prove to be crucial in deciphering the potential regulatory elements involved in complex disorders and aging in particular.
275

Ethical issues in the bioprediction of brain-based disorder

Baum, Matthew L. January 2013 (has links)
The development of predictive biomarkers in neuroscience is increasingly enabling bioprediction of adverse behavioural events, from psychosis to impulsive violent reaction. Because many brain-based disorders can be thought of as end-states of a long development, bioprediction carries immense therapeutic potential. In this thesis, I analyse issues raised by the development of bioprediction of brain-based disorder. I argue that ethical analysis of probabilities and risk information bioprediction provides is confounded by philosophical and social structures that have, until recently, functioned nominally well by assuming categorical (binary) concepts of disorder, especially regarding brain-disorder. Through an analysis of the philosophical concept of disorder, I argue that we can and ought to reorient disorder around probability of future harm and stratify disorder based on the magnitude of risk. Rejection of binary concepts in favour of this non-binary (probability-based) one enables synergy with bioprediction and circumnavigation of ethical concerns raised about proposed disorders of risk in psychiatry and neurology; I specifically consider psychosis and dementia risk. I then show how probabilistic thinking enables consideration of the implications of bioprediction for two areas salient in mental health: moral responsibility and justice. Using the example of epilepsy and driving as a model of obligations to protect others against risk of harm, I discuss how the development of bioprediction is poised to enhance moral responsibility. I then engage with legal cases and science surrounding a predictive biomarker of impulsive violent reaction to propose that bioprediction can sometimes rightly diminish responsibility. Finally, I show the relevance of bioprediction to theories of distributive justice that assign priority to the worse off. Because bioprediction enables the identification of those who are worse off in a way of which we have previously been ignorant, a commitment to assign priority to the worse off requires development of and equal access to biopredictive technologies.
276

Análise da presença de mutação no gene TARDBP em pacientes com degeneração lobar frontotemporal e implementação de metodologia para determinação dos polimorfismos do gene APOE em pacientes com Doença de Alzheimer em São Paulo - SP / Analysis of the presence of mutation in TARDBP gene in patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration and implementation of APOE gene methodology for polymorphism determination in patients with Alzheimer\'s disease in São Paulo - SP

Costa, Thaís Virgínia Moura Machado 15 August 2012 (has links)
Atualmente, as demências tornam-se mais prevalentes e constituem-se como um importante problema de saúde pública mundial. A Degeneração Lobar Frontotemporal (DLFT) e a Doença de Alzheimer (DA) são as de maior incidência. A investigação dos fatores de risco para as demências degenerativas inscreve-se entre os temas mais relevantes das neurociências e a avaliação dos fatores de risco de natureza genética tem produzido contribuições importantes. Na DLFT, mutações no gene TARDBP, codificador da proteína nuclear TDP-43, estão entre as ocorrências genéticas mais descritas, enquanto que para a DA, o alelo 4 do gene da apolipoproteína E (APOE) é o principal fator de risco. Pacientes com diagnóstico clínico de DLFT (n=47) e de DA provável (n=30) recebidos do ambulatório do Grupo de Neurologia Cognitiva e do Comportamento (GNCC) da Clínica Neurológica do HC-FMUSP foram convidados a participar do estudo. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para a realização da extração de DNA linfocitário. Os éxons de 1-6 do gene TARDBP foram amplificados por PCR e seus produtos foram sequenciados em sequenciador automático. Os polimorfismos do gene APOE foram determinados através da técnica de PCR em tempo real. A análise do gene da TDP-43 em pacientes com DLFT mostrou a presença de uma mutação na região do éxon 6 do TARDBP (g.14935A>G) em um paciente do sexo masculino, com idade de 54 anos e diagnóstico de demência semântica. Na genotipagem dos pacientes de DA, foi observado que a metodologia utilizada, através de PCR em tempo real mostrou-se eficiente em detectar os polimorfismos do gene APOE, fornecendo resultados compatíveis quando comparados aos demais estudos brasileiros publicados anteriormente / Brazil is one of the developing countries that are undergoing a process of demographic transition in which the elderly represents a significant proportion of the total population. Neurodegenerative illnesses most commonly appear at such ages. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and Alzheimers disease (AD) are the most frequent causes for dementia. The investigation of risk factors for degenerative dementia is a relevant subject of neurosciences and the evaluation of the nature of genetic risk factors has produced the most important contributions. Mutations in TARDBP gene, the encoder of the TDP-43 nuclear protein, appear as the most frequent genetic occurrences for FTLD, whereas, in DA, the 4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the major genetic risk factor. Patients with clinical diagnosis of FTLD types of families and sporadic (n=47) and probable AD (n=30) from the ambulatory of Cognitive Neurology Group and Behavior (CNGB) of Neurological Clinic of HC-FMUSP were invited to participate in this study. Blood samples were collected for lymphocytic DNA extraction. The APOE gene polymorphisms are being determined through the real time PCR technique. The 1-6 exons of TARDBP gene were amplified by PCR and their products were sequenced in automated sequencer. The TDP-43 gene analysis in patients with FTLD showed the presence of one mutation in the region of exon 6 TARDBP gene in a male patient of 54 years old, with diagnoses of semantic dementia. Regarding DA patients genotyping, the real time methodology has been shown as an efficient approach to detect APOE polymorphisms, presenting data similar to those observed in other Brazilian studies
277

Einfluss einer intrazerebralen Infektion mit Streptococcus pneumoniae auf den Verlauf der Alzheimer-Demenz im Mausmodell / The influence of an intracerebral infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae on the course of Alzheimer`s disease in a mouse model

Kellert, Benedikt 20 June 2012 (has links)
No description available.
278

Einfluss einer intrazerebralen Infektion mit Escherichia coli auf den Verlauf der Alzheimer-Demenz im Mausmodell / Influence of an intracerebral infection with Escherichia coli on the course of Alzheimer`s disease in a mouse model

Döpke, Anika 30 July 2013 (has links)
Bakterielle Infekte führen bei Patienten mit neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen wie der Alzheimer-Demenz oft zu einer Verschlechterung der bestehenden Symptomatik. Nicht nur die akuten Auswirkungen im Sinne eines Delirs, sondern auch die Spätfolgen solcher Infekte konnten in klinischen Studien gezeigt werden. Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit konnte diese klinische Beobachtung auch in einem tierexperimentellen Versuch nachgewiesen werden. Erstmalig gelang es mit einer echten Infektion, eine langfristige Verschlechterung einer neurodegenerativen Erkrankung hervorzurufen. Hierzu wurden sowohl transgene Mäuse des Stammes Tg2576, die das humane APP als Vorläuferprotein des Amyloid-β überexprimieren, als auch nicht-transgene Mäuse im Alter von 10 bis 15 Monaten intrazerebral mit Escherichia coli K1 infiziert. Nicht-infizierten Kontroll-Mäusen wurde 0,9%ige NaCl-Lösung intrazerebral verabreicht. Nach 41 Stunden wurden alle Versuchstiere mit dem bakterizid-wirkenden Antibiotikum Ceftriaxon über fünf Tage behandelt. Mit Hilfe des neuropsychologischen Testverfahrens Morris Water Maze wurde die kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit der Mäuse untersucht. Es zeigten sich keine Unterschiede bezüglich der Gedächtnisleistung zwischen infizierten und nicht-infizierten transgenen Mäusen innerhalb der ersten 4 Wochen nach Infektion. Allerdings fiel eine signifikante Verschlechterung der kognitiven Leistungen der infizierten transgenen Mäuse auf, die sich auf die Funktion des Neu-Erlernens bezogen. Den infizierten transgenen Mäusen gelang es vier Wochen nach einer intrazerebralen Infektion nicht, die neue Lokalisation einer Plattform im Morris Water Maze zu erlernen. Im Gegensatz dazu erlernten Mäuse, die nicht infiziert wurden, die neue Lokalisation der Plattform genauso schnell wie vor der Infektion. Bezüglich der motorischen Leistungen, welche mit Hilfe des Rotarod-Tests sowie des Seiltests überprüft wurden, zeigten sich keine Differenzen zwischen infizierten und nicht-infizierten Mäusen. Diese Beobachtungen lassen vermuten, dass sich Infektionen nicht nur akut negativ auf neurodegenerative Erkrankungen auswirken, sondern auch langfristig zu einer Progression der Krankheitssymptome führen. Dies konnte insbesondere für die weiblichen Mäuse gezeigt werden. Weibliche Tiere waren kognitiv signifikant stärker von einer bakteriellen Infektion beeinträchtigt als die männlichen Mäuse. Die Gehirne der Mäuse wurden mittels ELISA auf die Konzentrationen der β-Amyloide (Aβ-)1-40 und 1-42 sowie mittels Thioflavin-S-Färbung auf die Größe der β-Amyloid-Plaques hin untersucht. In beiden Untersuchungen konnten keine Differenzen zwischen infizierten und nicht-infizierten Mäusen gefunden werden. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit deuten darauf hin, dass eine adäquate, rasche und aggressive antibiotische Behandlung einer bakteriellen Infektion besonders bei Patienten mit neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen von Vorteil sein könnte. Zudem könnten durch die Wahl eines Antibiotikums, welches nicht in die Zellwandsynthese eingreift und zu einer geringeren Freisetzung von Bakterienbestandteilen führt, die negativen Auswirkungen einer bakteriellen Infektion auf den Verlauf neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen reduziert werden.
279

Análise da presença de mutação no gene TARDBP em pacientes com degeneração lobar frontotemporal e implementação de metodologia para determinação dos polimorfismos do gene APOE em pacientes com Doença de Alzheimer em São Paulo - SP / Analysis of the presence of mutation in TARDBP gene in patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration and implementation of APOE gene methodology for polymorphism determination in patients with Alzheimer\'s disease in São Paulo - SP

Thaís Virgínia Moura Machado Costa 15 August 2012 (has links)
Atualmente, as demências tornam-se mais prevalentes e constituem-se como um importante problema de saúde pública mundial. A Degeneração Lobar Frontotemporal (DLFT) e a Doença de Alzheimer (DA) são as de maior incidência. A investigação dos fatores de risco para as demências degenerativas inscreve-se entre os temas mais relevantes das neurociências e a avaliação dos fatores de risco de natureza genética tem produzido contribuições importantes. Na DLFT, mutações no gene TARDBP, codificador da proteína nuclear TDP-43, estão entre as ocorrências genéticas mais descritas, enquanto que para a DA, o alelo 4 do gene da apolipoproteína E (APOE) é o principal fator de risco. Pacientes com diagnóstico clínico de DLFT (n=47) e de DA provável (n=30) recebidos do ambulatório do Grupo de Neurologia Cognitiva e do Comportamento (GNCC) da Clínica Neurológica do HC-FMUSP foram convidados a participar do estudo. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para a realização da extração de DNA linfocitário. Os éxons de 1-6 do gene TARDBP foram amplificados por PCR e seus produtos foram sequenciados em sequenciador automático. Os polimorfismos do gene APOE foram determinados através da técnica de PCR em tempo real. A análise do gene da TDP-43 em pacientes com DLFT mostrou a presença de uma mutação na região do éxon 6 do TARDBP (g.14935A>G) em um paciente do sexo masculino, com idade de 54 anos e diagnóstico de demência semântica. Na genotipagem dos pacientes de DA, foi observado que a metodologia utilizada, através de PCR em tempo real mostrou-se eficiente em detectar os polimorfismos do gene APOE, fornecendo resultados compatíveis quando comparados aos demais estudos brasileiros publicados anteriormente / Brazil is one of the developing countries that are undergoing a process of demographic transition in which the elderly represents a significant proportion of the total population. Neurodegenerative illnesses most commonly appear at such ages. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and Alzheimers disease (AD) are the most frequent causes for dementia. The investigation of risk factors for degenerative dementia is a relevant subject of neurosciences and the evaluation of the nature of genetic risk factors has produced the most important contributions. Mutations in TARDBP gene, the encoder of the TDP-43 nuclear protein, appear as the most frequent genetic occurrences for FTLD, whereas, in DA, the 4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the major genetic risk factor. Patients with clinical diagnosis of FTLD types of families and sporadic (n=47) and probable AD (n=30) from the ambulatory of Cognitive Neurology Group and Behavior (CNGB) of Neurological Clinic of HC-FMUSP were invited to participate in this study. Blood samples were collected for lymphocytic DNA extraction. The APOE gene polymorphisms are being determined through the real time PCR technique. The 1-6 exons of TARDBP gene were amplified by PCR and their products were sequenced in automated sequencer. The TDP-43 gene analysis in patients with FTLD showed the presence of one mutation in the region of exon 6 TARDBP gene in a male patient of 54 years old, with diagnoses of semantic dementia. Regarding DA patients genotyping, the real time methodology has been shown as an efficient approach to detect APOE polymorphisms, presenting data similar to those observed in other Brazilian studies
280

Nivåer av det lysosomala systemets proteiner i hjärnvävnad från Alzheimerpatienter / Levels of the lysosomal network proteins in brain tissue from Alzheimer's disease patients

Westergren, Samuel January 2014 (has links)
Alzheimers sjukdom är den vanligaste orsaken till demens och i samband med att befolkningen blir större och allt äldre ökar även antalet patienter. Vid sjukdomen sker en hjärnatrofi och de mikroskopiska fynd man ser är extracellulära plack av β-amyloid, intracellulära neurofibriller av fosforylerat tau och förlust av nervcellsutskott, axoner, synapser och dendriter. Några av de tidiga patologiska förändringarna man kan se är störningar i nervcellernas lysosomala system som fyller en viktig roll vid nedbrytning av makromolekyler. I en tidigare studie har man påvisat förhöjda nivåer av proteiner från det lysosomala systemet i cerebrospinalvätska. Syftet med den här studien var att mäta nivåer av det lysosomala systemets proteiner i human hjärnvävnad från patienter med Alzheimer och jämföra dessa med kontrollprover. De sex proteiner som analyserades med Western blot var EEA1, PICALM, LAMP-1, LAMP-2, LC3 och TFEB. Resultaten visar på signifikant ökning i temporala cortex av LAMP-1 och LAMP-2 och en signifikant minskning av LC3 och EEA1 hos patienter med Alzheimers sjukdom. För att kunna dra riktiga slutsatser kring hur de ökade nivåerna i cerebrospinalvätska speglar de olika sjukdomsmekanismerna i hjärnan krävs vidare analyser av fler patientprover samt prover från andra områden i hjärnan. / Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, and when the population becomes larger and older also the number of patients increase. A cerebral atrophy and microscopic findings of extracellular plaques of β-amyloid, intracellular neurofibrillary of phosphorylated tau and loss of nerve cell protrusions, axons, synapses and dendrites are seen during the disease. One of the early pathological changes is the disruption of the neuronal lysosomal network that plays an important role in the degradation of macromolecules. In a previous study elevated levels of proteins of the lysosomal network in cerebrospinal fluid from Alzheimer’s disease patients was demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to measure levels of the lysosomal network system in the brain. The six proteins EEA1, PICALM, LAMP-1, LAMP -2, LC3 and TFEB were analyzed in human brain tissue from five Alzheimer's disease cases and five control cases by Western blot. The results show a significant increase in the temporal cortex of LAMP-1 and LAMP -2 and a significant decrease of LC3 and EEA1 in patients with Alzheimer's disease. In order to draw proper conclusions about how the increased levels in cerebrospinal fluid reflect the different disease mechanisms in the brain it requires further analysis of more patient samples and from other areas of the brain.

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