This work develops an opportunity for transgressive resistance to discursively formed structures of material and theoretical power and closure, based on a methodology of amateurism. The concept of amateurism draws heavily on the writing of Edward Said. This work synthesises Said with a broader corpus of postcolonial theory, following a theoretically postcolonial trajectory which applies the lessons from that referent to an engagement with traditional theoretical and cultural closure. The central thesis of the engagement follows a critique of strong ontology and vertical epistemology, or of expertise. Through an examination of health policy around birth, and sociological approaches to health, that critique is deployed to invigorate a new critical direction for the Left with a focus on subjectivity, social policy, social democracy and substantive citizenship. / Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of History and Politics, 2008

La pluridisciplinarité artistique contemporaine, qui remonte à l’humanisme et au romantisme, est-elle encore liée à un désir de connaissance et de totalité, ou s’inscrit-elle dans un spectre de fragmentation ? Les défaillances reconnues du savoir, du sujet et de l’œuvre forment une résistance à la puissance des technostructures. La sphère de l’art, détachée de la division du travail artistique, s’inscrit dans une négativité non dialectique. Par la sape méthodique des référents et des maîtrises, l’œuvre s’ouvre au désordre et au manque. Poursuivant simultanément plusieurs démarches distinctes dans les arts visuels, la musique et l’écriture, passant de l’art populaire à l’art intellectualisé, étant autant témoin qu’acteur de mon travail, je propose une approche de l’art qui se définit plus par l’errance et la pluralité que par un projet unitaire. La position mineure et dispersée se ressource dans une poïétique prolifique : simultanéité divergente, transposition négative, hétérogénéité, confusion des temps, présence du vide et du fantomatique… / Is artistic pluridisciplinarity, which goes back to Humanism and Romanticism, still connected to a desire for knowledge and for holistic apprehension, or does it reveal the prospect of fragmentation? The known shortcomings of knowledge, of the subject, and of the work of art resist the power of techno-structures. Once the artistic sphere gets disconnected from the division of artistic labor, it is amenable to a non-dialectical negativity. As the work of art methodically subverts referents, mastery and know-hows, it becomes accessible to loss and disorder. Being as much the witness as the agent of the work I produce, I propose an approach to art conceived as wandering and plural—an approach based on various forms of practice in visual arts, music, and writing, which shift from popular to intellectual art. This artistic stance, minor and scattered, draws its strength from a prolific poietics: divergent simultaneity, negative transposition, heterogeneity, confusion of temporalities, void, and haunting presences…

Esta pesquisa apresenta a trajetória de um clube de futebol de várzea, a Associação Atlética Anhanguera, entre o ano de sua fundação (1928) e o final da década de 1930, período de grandes transformações no futebol e na cidade de São Paulo. A investigação recorreu a fontes de imprensa e a documentos internos ao Anhanguera, sobretudo atas e entrevistas com associados veteranos para analisar a forma pela qual a associação de ítalo-brasileiros, situada à margem da cidade e do universo oficial do futebol, apropriouse da novidade que representava esse esporte. Um rico repertório de práticas culturais, como a intensa e criativa vida associativa do bairro, figurou como a base para essa apropriação. Esse mesmo repertório acabou por circular para além dos limites espaciais e simbólicos que a cidade impunha aos varzeanos. O tratamento dado ao futebol de várzea pelo periódico A Gazeta Esportiva, vinculando-o, aos poucos, a uma nova imagem de amadorismo, é um exemplo da ampliação desses limites. / This research features the trajectory of Anhanguera Athletic Association, a floodplain (várzea) soccer club, starting from its founding year (1928) and going up to the end of 1930s, a period of intense changes in soccer practices as well as in urban life in São Paulo. Its establishment and organization, in a suburban district of São Paulo, as an amateur soccer association formed mostly by Italian-Brazilians, are described and analyzed having as resources the internal documents of Anhanguera Association especially the records of meetings and senior associates testimonies , news from the press and data concerning immigration and the city process of urbanization. The practice of soccer was rooted in an intense and creative associative form of living, linked to other common leisure activities. The research also shows how the relationship between the club and the press led to a new image of amateur soccer practice, expanding the limits of its cultural experience in the city.

This thesis deals with the historical development of the concept of the sport at the Olympics. Compares the pros and cons of the professionalization of the sport at the Olympics and analyzes the reasons, why the rules changed. It describes a long way in the development of Olympic sport and focuses on the historical events leading up to the actual professionalization of the sport at the Olympics. Furthermore, the work deals with attitudes that held the leadership of the International and Czech Olympic Committee in relation to professionalization of sport. The last point of my thesis is to think about the consequences of the professionalization of the sport at the Olympics and its commercialization. KEYWORDS Professionalism, amateurism, Olympic Games, the Olympic Charter, P. Coubertin, J. A. Samaranch, Avery Brundage

In the Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW) do-it-yourself (DIY) punk scene, participants attempt to adhere to notions of authenticity that dictate whether a band, record label, performance venue, or individual are in compliance with punk philosophy. These guiding principles champion individual expression, contributions to one's community (scene), independence from the mainstream music industry and consumerism, and the celebration of amateurism and the idea that everyone should "do it yourself." While each city or scene has its own punk culture, participants draw on their perceptions of the historic legacy of punk and on experiences with contemporaries from around the world. For this thesis, I emphasize the significance of performance spaces and the sonic aesthetic of the music in enacting and reinforcing notions of punk authenticity. The live performance of music is perceived as the most authentic setting for punk music, and bands go to great lengths to recreate this soundscape in the recording studio. Bands achieve this sense of liveness by recording as a group, rather than individually for a polished studio sound mix, or by inviting friends and fans into the studio to help record a live show experience. House venues have been key to the development of the DFW scene with an emphasis on individual participation through hosting concerts in their homes. This creates a stronger sense of community in DIY punk performance. Through participation observation, interviews, analysis of source materials, as well as research in previous Punk scholarship, questions of authenticity, consumerism, and technology and sound studies, this thesis updates work on the experience of sound, listening, and the importance of space in DIY punk communities today.

The present diploma thesis maps the concepts, characteristic features and cultural-social contexts of functions of the "Do It Yourself" phenomenon. It addresses various interpretations of the phenomenon, it creates general features, and it attempts to define its position based on the experience gained from the research carried out and from the literature studied. It primarily captures the action of the phenomenon during the communist and post-communist era in the Czechoslovak and later the Czech Republic, as well as the influence of various socio-political systems on its appearance. Didactic elaboration of the topic focuses on the application of the DIY principles in teaching activity and it presents an "In & Out" artwork line integrating these ideas into the current conditions of teaching art education. The artwork part represents starting points, the process and the realization of the author's binding of the diploma thesis, which is again based on the application of DIY ideas.

19世紀英格蘭社會，對於運動史研究來說是很重要的時期。本研究將從19世紀的英格蘭談起，藉由公學校在運動發展中的影響力，來討論與理解跑步運動在19世紀公學校內的發展脈絡以及現代化的過程為何？19世紀在有能力就讀公學校，還有劍橋、牛津大學等中上階級們的影響之下，促使了「現代運動」的形成。同時，這些在運動發展上握有權力的中上階級們，在運動發展的過程中，塑造出了「業餘精神」，藉此來強調運動的高尚和階級的優越性。本文將從19世紀初期討論到西元1908年倫敦奧運。從公學校早期具有娛樂和暴力性質的跑步運動談起，在19世紀中歷經校長改革和學生們投入後，跑步運動中娛樂與暴力性質越來越少，加入更多工業革命發展下所帶來的現代元素。19世紀後半葉，公學校內跑步運動發展逐漸成熟，討論規則制定的情況漸少，描述比賽舉辦情況漸多。在公學校外，許多田徑俱樂部和越野賽跑俱樂部在公學校或是大學校友們的支持下成立。1880年業餘田徑協會成立，統一各地俱樂部和規則紛亂的局面，負責掌管英格蘭地區有關田徑運動的一切事宜，這也是公學校內討論跑步運動規則情況減少的原因。1908年倫敦在畢業於公學校校友的牽線下舉辦奧運，並與美國在跑步賽場上因為「業餘精神」和規則發生了些紛爭。至此，我們可以看出19世紀英格蘭公學校跑步運動的發展狀況，以及了解公學校跑步運動發展與現代運動出現間，部份的互動關係和影響。 / The nineteenth cenry is an essential age for Sport history, especially in England. This research attempts to comprehend the revolutionary transformation of British sporting culture by studying running. During the Victorian era, running, as a sport category, includes hare and hounds, cross-country running, handicap, steeplechase and track events which is a little bit different from the modern Athletics. The research focuses on the public schools’ students, their relationship with athleticism, running sport and the society in the nineteenth-century England. As its main concern is the role of the public schools played in the the transformation of British sporting culture, the dissertation begins with the education system of the public schools and the running in the old times . Then, it turns to the transformation of athleticism and the renovation of running in the public schools by discussing what, why and how it happened? The third chapter moves to the modern running games held in the public schools, and the interaction between the public schools and the amateur clubs. The Amateur Athletic Association, established in 1880, played an important role in the history of running sports and had significant effects on Amateurism. Finally, the dissertation concludes with the 1908 London Summer Olympic to see the spread of public schools’ amateurism.

Trata-se de um estudo sobre a constituição dos espetáculos esportivos na cidade de São Paulo, entre o final do século XIX e o início do XX. São investigados os espetáculos relacionados ao turfe, ao ciclismo e, particularmente, ao futebol. A tese examina a passagem histórica dos esportes individualizados, com apostas, para as disputas entre equipes de atletas, baseadas apenas no mérito. Analisa também a importância do estádio como espaço de sociabilidade, com atenção especial sobre o Velódromo Paulista, uma arena para exibições esportivas que existiu no bairro paulistano da Consolação, entre 1895 e 1916. O universo da moderna cultura urbana é relacionado às transformações ocorridas dentro das famílias da elite de origem rural, algumas das quais tiveram atuação destacada na organização dos espetáculos atléticos. O estudo chamou atenção para o papel dos esportes no processo de modernização do estilo de vida urbana. Examinou o aparecimento do clube esportivo como entidade da sociedade civil e a transformação das agremiações atléticas, originalmente constituídas por rapazes, em associações para o congraçamento familiar. As análises apontaram para a função mediadora ocupada pelo clube esportivo entre a esfera privada do lar e as organizações político-partidárias. Ao acompanhar o processo histórico de ressignificações da ética esportiva importada da Europa, o autor observou que o futebol era divulgado no meio urbano paulista como pedagogia social conservadora e os espetáculos assumiram a função de transmitir os valores morais defendidos pela elite. Notou as deficiências das relações entre a educação física escolar e os jogos informais de futebol espalhados pela cidade, bem como as características clientelistas do futebol amador da época. Revelou a emergência do profissionalismo acobertado pela moral do amadorismo. Acompanhou a tumultuada constituição dos órgãos federativos em âmbito regional e nacional, mostrou que a partir da segunda década do século XX os espetáculos de futebol ganharam grande importância nas relações políticas nacionais e na diplomacia entre os países do Cone Sul / This is a study on the incorporation of sporting events in the city of São Paulo between the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. Performances related to turf, cycling, and particularly to soccer are reviewed. The dissertation analyzes the historical transition of the individual sports, with bets being placed on disputes among athletic teams, based solely on merit. It also examines the importance of the stadium in terms of sociability, with a special focus on the Velódromo Paulista, a stadium for sports events, which existed in the neighborhood of Consolação between the years of 1895 and 1916. The universe of modern urban culture is related to the transformations which occurred within the elite families of rural origin, some of which demonstrated prominent co-operation in the organization of athletic events. The study drew attention to the role of sports in the process of modernization of urban lifestyle. It also examined the emergence of sports clubs as a civil society organization and the transformation of athletic associations, which originally consisted of boys, into associations for family socialization. The analysis highlighted the role of sports clubs as mediators between private home environments and the political party organizations. By monitoring the historical process of reinterpreting sports ethics imported from Europe, the author notes that soccer was disclosed in urban São Paulo as a conservative social pedagogy and performances took on the role of transmitting moral values upheld by the elite. He also observed the shortcomings of the relationship between the physical education in schools and the informal soccer games which took place throughout the city as well as the patronage of amateur soccer of the time. He revealed the appearance of professionalism covered up by the morale of amateurism. He monitored the tumultuous creation of federal agencies at a regional and national level, and indicated that as of the 1920s, soccer performances gained significant importance in national political relationships as well as with regard to diplomacy among the countries of the Southern Cone of Latin America

Trata-se de um estudo sobre a constituição dos espetáculos esportivos na cidade de São Paulo, entre o final do século XIX e o início do XX. São investigados os espetáculos relacionados ao turfe, ao ciclismo e, particularmente, ao futebol. A tese examina a passagem histórica dos esportes individualizados, com apostas, para as disputas entre equipes de atletas, baseadas apenas no mérito. Analisa também a importância do estádio como espaço de sociabilidade, com atenção especial sobre o Velódromo Paulista, uma arena para exibições esportivas que existiu no bairro paulistano da Consolação, entre 1895 e 1916. O universo da moderna cultura urbana é relacionado às transformações ocorridas dentro das famílias da elite de origem rural, algumas das quais tiveram atuação destacada na organização dos espetáculos atléticos. O estudo chamou atenção para o papel dos esportes no processo de modernização do estilo de vida urbana. Examinou o aparecimento do clube esportivo como entidade da sociedade civil e a transformação das agremiações atléticas, originalmente constituídas por rapazes, em associações para o congraçamento familiar. As análises apontaram para a função mediadora ocupada pelo clube esportivo entre a esfera privada do lar e as organizações político-partidárias. Ao acompanhar o processo histórico de ressignificações da ética esportiva importada da Europa, o autor observou que o futebol era divulgado no meio urbano paulista como pedagogia social conservadora e os espetáculos assumiram a função de transmitir os valores morais defendidos pela elite. Notou as deficiências das relações entre a educação física escolar e os jogos informais de futebol espalhados pela cidade, bem como as características clientelistas do futebol amador da época. Revelou a emergência do profissionalismo acobertado pela moral do amadorismo. Acompanhou a tumultuada constituição dos órgãos federativos em âmbito regional e nacional, mostrou que a partir da segunda década do século XX os espetáculos de futebol ganharam grande importância nas relações políticas nacionais e na diplomacia entre os países do Cone Sul / This is a study on the incorporation of sporting events in the city of São Paulo between the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. Performances related to turf, cycling, and particularly to soccer are reviewed. The dissertation analyzes the historical transition of the individual sports, with bets being placed on disputes among athletic teams, based solely on merit. It also examines the importance of the stadium in terms of sociability, with a special focus on the Velódromo Paulista, a stadium for sports events, which existed in the neighborhood of Consolação between the years of 1895 and 1916. The universe of modern urban culture is related to the transformations which occurred within the elite families of rural origin, some of which demonstrated prominent co-operation in the organization of athletic events. The study drew attention to the role of sports in the process of modernization of urban lifestyle. It also examined the emergence of sports clubs as a civil society organization and the transformation of athletic associations, which originally consisted of boys, into associations for family socialization. The analysis highlighted the role of sports clubs as mediators between private home environments and the political party organizations. By monitoring the historical process of reinterpreting sports ethics imported from Europe, the author notes that soccer was disclosed in urban São Paulo as a conservative social pedagogy and performances took on the role of transmitting moral values upheld by the elite. He also observed the shortcomings of the relationship between the physical education in schools and the informal soccer games which took place throughout the city as well as the patronage of amateur soccer of the time. He revealed the appearance of professionalism covered up by the morale of amateurism. He monitored the tumultuous creation of federal agencies at a regional and national level, and indicated that as of the 1920s, soccer performances gained significant importance in national political relationships as well as with regard to diplomacy among the countries of the Southern Cone of Latin America

This study aims to examine how professionalization and commercializationinfluence the culture of the organization in a non-profit association. The studyobject is the elite preparatory activity in a sports organization. Therespondents in this study consist of head coaches, coaches and leaders inmanagerial positions who together have contributed to empirical material inthe form of qualitative data. The results were then analyzed out of Schein'stheory of organizational culture and the three cultural levels. The conclusionstated that artifacts and espoused values were identifiable in theorganizational culture based on Schein's theory. However, the underlyingassumptions were more difficult to understand. A connection that indicates aprofessionalization and commercialization of the non-profit activity could bepointed out.