This investigation is about how teachers in school can motivate and create interest for science among younger children. Teachers were interviewed about attitudes to their subject and how this affects their lessons. I have also tried to find out, both by interviewes but also by studying litterature, what the most important thing is to teach in science, which knowledge is necessarry in the future and why. My result indicates that teachers find science both interesting and important but at the same time they also think it is a difficult subject to teach even if they are educated. Both the litterature and the teachers in my study agree that knowledge in science gives us a chance to ask questions, take stands and solve problems and that this knowledge is important for us in our future. / Detta arbete handlar om hur vi som lärare i grundskolans lägre åldrar kan skapa och bibehålla elevernas intresse för naturvetenskapliga ämnen. Genom intervjuer har jag försökt få fram lärares attityder till ämnet och hur detta eventuellt påverkar undervisningen. Dessutom har jag försökt ta reda på vad som anses vara viktiga kunskaper för framtiden. Mitt resultat pekar på att lärare tycker det är intressant och viktigt med naturvetenskap men att det samtidigt är ett svårt ämne att undervisa i även om utbildning finns. Lärarna menar att det är kunskaper som gör att vi kan ta ställning, ifrågasätta och lösa problem som är viktiga att förmedla bl a för att vi skall klara av att ta hand om vår jord och dess tillgångar. Detta är också något som forskning anser vara viktigt och det får också stort utrymme i läroplanen.

This thesis focuses on the development of a system in which a team of heterogeneous mobile robots can cooperate to perform a wide range of tasks. In order that a group of heterogeneous robots can cooperate among them, one of the most important parts to develop is the creation of an architecture which gives support for the cooperation. This architecture is developed by means of embedding agents and interfacing agent code with native low-level code. It also addresses the implementation of resource sharing among the whole group of robots, that is, the robots can borrow capabilities from each-other.In order to validate this architecture, some cooperative applications have been implemented. The first one is an application where a group of robots must cooperate in order to safely navigate through an unknown environment. One robot with camera calculates the optical flow values from the images, and from these values calculates the "time to contact" values. This information is shared among the team so that any robot can navigate without colliding with the obstacles.The second cooperative application consists of enabling the team of heterogeneous robots to create a certain formation and navigate maintaining this formation. The application consists of two parts or stages. The first one is the creation of the formation, where a robot with the camera can detect where the rest of the robots are in the environment and indicates to them which is their initial position in the formation. In the second stage the robots must be able to navigate through an environment following the path that the robot with the laser indicates. Due to the odometry errors of the robots, the camera of one of the robots is used so that robots which lose their correct position in the formation can re-align themselves. Finally, in an attempt to facilitate access to the robots of the team and to the information that their accessories provide, a system for the teleoperation of the team has been implemented. This system can be used for teaching robotics or to facilitate the tasks of programming and debugging in the research tasks.

Syftet var att undersöka aktivitetsnivå och måltidsvanor hos skolungdomar i årskurs 6-9 efter en intervention, och jämföra de uppnådda resultaten med en kontrollgrupp, samt jämföra mellan flickor och pojkar. Hallands Idrottsförbund startade med stöd av Region Halland ett projekt på en skola i Halland, för att öka den fysiska aktiviteten bland eleverna i samarbete med olika idrottsliga föreningar. Detta var en kvantitativ studie och enkäter användes som datainsamlingsmetod. Resultatet visade att den aktiva gruppen hade fler idrottslektioner i veckan än kontrollgruppen. Inga andra skillnader påvisades. Mellan flickor och pojkar sågs betydligt fler skillnader. Pojkar var genomgående mer fysisk aktiva än flickorna. Mer fokus bör därför läggas på att nå flickorna och öka utövandet av den fysiska aktiviteten. Förutsättningar behöver skapas för alla, men framför allt för de som är fysiskt inaktiva.

The variety of principal minors of nxn symmetric matrices, denoted Zn, can be described naturally as a projection from the Lagrangian Grassmannian. Moreover, Zn is invariant under the action of a group G C GL(2n) isomorphic to (SL(2)xn) x Sn. One may use this symmetry to study the defining ideal of Zn as a G-module via a coupling of classical representation theory and geometry. The need for the equations in the defining ideal comes from applications in matrix theory, probability theory, spectral graph theory and statistical physics. I describe an irreducible G-module of degree 4 polynomials called the hyperdeterminantal module (which is constructed as the span of the G-orbit of Cayley's hyperdeterminant of format 2 x 2 x 2) and show that it that cuts out Zn set theoretically. This result solves the set-theoretic version of a conjecture of Holtz and Sturmfels and gives a collection of necessary and sufficient conditions for when it is possible for a given vector of length 2n to be the principal minors of a symmetric n x n matrix. In addition to solving the Holtz and Sturmfels conjecture, I study Zn as a prototypical G-variety. As a result, I exhibit the use of and further develop techniques from classical representation theory and geometry for studying G-varieties.

No description available.

Detta examensarbete syftar till att genom kvalitativa intervjuer undersöka skolkuratorers uppfattningar om och erfarenheter av skolsocialt arbete med suicidalitet hos elever. Två frågor har ställts. Den första frågan handlar om skolkuratorers uppfattningar och erfarenheter av suicidalitet hos elever. Resultatet visar att suicidalitet uppfattas vara ovanligt förekommande bland de elever skolkuratorerna har kontakt med, trots att erfarenheter av självmordstankar, självmordsförsök och självmord finns. Stress, psykisk ohälsa och svåra livssituationer ses vara bidragande orsaker till suicidalitet hos elever. Den andra frågan handlar om hur skolkuratorer beskriver det praktiska arbetet med suicidalitet hos elever. Resultatet visar att även om det i arbetet finns möjligheter att upptäcka och arbeta med suicidala elever är dessa möjligheter begränsade. Skolkuratorerna saknar i hög utsträckning suicidpreventiva instrument för att upptäcka och arbeta med suicidalitet i skolan. Istället beskrivs relationer med elever, samt internt samarbete med andra personalgrupper i skolan, utgöra grunden för arbetet med suicidalitet. / This study aims to examine school social workers perceptions and experiences of school social work with suicidality among students. To fulfill this purpose, six qualitative interviews have been made and two questions have been asked. The first question we asked was what kind of perceptions and experiences school social workers have when it comes to suicidality among adolescents in school. The second question we asked was how school social workers describe their practical work with students who are suicidal. The result shows that even though there are experiences of students who have suicidal thoughts, students who have made suicide attempts and students who have committed suicide, suicidality among students is something that is perceived as rare among the school social workers. Stress, mental health problems and difficult life situations is seen to be contributing causes of this phenomena. The result also shows, that school social workers in some ways have the ability to discover and work with students who are suffering from suicidality. However, these possibilities are also limited. School social workers experience a lack of instruments to detect suicide and to be able to work with suicidality in school. Instead, school social workers describes relationships and collaboration with both students and with other groups of staff in school as the primary basis for their work with suicidality among students.

Stebėjimais ir epidemiologiniais tyrimais pagrįsti duomenys liudija, kad priklausomybę sukeliančių medžiagų vartojimas - grėsmingas socialinis reiškinys. Visuomenėje daugėja socialinių, sveikatos, juridinių problemų, susijusių su alkoholio, tabako ir narkotikų vartojimu. Amerikos visuomenės sveikatos asociacija teigia, kad tabakas yra viena iš pagrindinių ankstyvų mirčių priežasčių bendrojoje populiacijoje ir lemia širdies-kraujagyslių ligas bei vėžinius susirgimus. Alkoholio vartojimas kenkia šeimai, darbui, gimdo socialines problemas, tokias kaip alkoholizmas, nelaimingi atsitikimai, kriminalinė elgsena, smurtas, žmogžudystės, savižudybės. Pasaulio sveikatos organizacijos duomenimis, apie 40-60 proc. visų mirčių dėl tyčinių ir netyčinių traumų priežastis - alkoholio vartojimas. Europoje vykstantys negatyvūs procesai mus pasiekia labai greitai. Dėl patogios geografinės padėties Lietuva tampa alkoholio ir kitų narkotikų tranzito šalimi. Auga narkotikų prieinamumas ir tiekimas, neteisėta jų pasiūla bei paklausa ir poreikis narkotikams. Kovai su tokio pobūdžio blogybėmis nebuvome pasirengę, laiku nepradėjome prevencinės veiklos. Iš kitos pusės – vykstančios greitos permainos šalies ekonomikoje, socialinėje sferoje ir žmonių gyvenime keičia visuomenės požiūrį į kai kuriuos reiškinius, tarp jų ir požiūrį į narkotinių medžiagų vartojimą. Sklando įvairūs mitai apie narkotikus bei jų poveikį žmogaus psichikai. Formuojasi savas jaunimo požiūris į narkotikus ir jų vartojimą... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Evidence based on observations and epidemiological research shows that the use of substances that create addiction is a threatening social phenomenon. The society is witnessing a rapid increase of social, legal and health problems caused by alcohol, tobacco and drug use. American social health association claims that tobacco is one of the major causes of death in the general population. The use of alcohol harms family and professional life, leads to social problems such as alcoholism, accidents, criminal behaviour, violence, murders, and suicides. M. Singer and other scientists (1995) analysed psycho-sociologic problems of imprisoned women. The majority of them (81 %) acknowledged having experienced physical and sexual coercion, 83 % having abused alcohol and drugs; 40 % of the women claimed that social security was not available for them. L. A. Teplis and a group of scientists (1996) found out that 52, 4 % of imprisoned women abuse drugs, 23,9 % are alcohol addicted, 13,7 % suffer from a deep depression. Scientist from Western Europe and the USA emphasize in their works that the prison environment is a factor of a serious risk that influences the start and the continuous use of psychoactive substances. The objective and the goals of this research are intended to prove or to reject the hypothesis that the environment of custodial establishments and other psycho-sociological influences the spread of drugs and other psychotropic substances as well as their use. The... [to full text]

Darbe atlikta fizinę negalią turinčių asmenų socializacijos sampratos analizė, identifikuotos neįgaliųjų įsitraukimo į taikomąją fizinę veiklą problemos, atskleistas taikomosios fizinės veiklos poveikis neįgaliųjų gyvenimo kokybei teoriniu aspektu. Iškelta hipotezė, kad neįgaliųjų dalyvaujančių sportinėje veikloje fizinio aktyvumo, pasitenkinimo gyvenimu ir požiūrio į savo negalią rodikliai yra geresni nei nedalyvaujančių neįgaliųjų. Anketinės apklausos metodu buvo atliktas tyrimas, kurio tikslas – palyginti sportuojančių ir nesportuojančių fiziškai neįgalių asmenų gyvenimo kokybės rodiklius. Tyrime dalyvavo 111 judėjimo negalią turinčių asmenų, patyrusių stuburo smegenų traumas. Empirinėje dalyje analizuojamas taikomosios fizinės ir sportinės veiklos poveikis judėjimo negalią turintiems asmenims psichosocialinių funkcijų aspektu. Svarbiausios empirinio tyrimo išvados: 1. Sportuojantys fizinę negalią turintys respondentai jaučia didesnį pasitenkinimą gyvenimu nei nesportuojantys. Fiziškai aktyvūs respondentai palankiau vertina savo psichinę sveikatą, be to sportuojančių apklaustųjų įtampą sukeliančių veiksnių rodikliai žemesni nei nesportuojančių. 2. Sportuojančių neįgaliųjų požiūris į savo negalią, kur kas palankesnis nei nesportuojančių. Fizine bei sportine veikla užsiimantys neįgalieji linkę labiau pasitikėti savo jėgomis, net ir tuomet kai jiems nesudarytos palankios sąlygos. Tuo tarpu nesportuojantiems respondentams nepritaikyta aplinka dažniau trukdo pasijusti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The analysis of socialization concept among persons having physical disability has been carried out in this work, in which the problems of the involvement of persons with physical disability into the applied physical activities have been identified, and the influence of applied physical activities on the quality of life of the disabled has been revealed in the theoretical aspect. The following hypothesis has been made: the index of quality of life of persons with physical disability and their approach towards their disability is better among the disabled who are involved in sports activities than among those who are not. Using the method of questionnaire survey the research has been carried out, where the main purpose was to compare the indexes of life quality among the disabled who were involved in sports activities than among those who were not. 111 persons who have the disability of movement have participated in this research. In the empirical part of this work the influence of the applied physical and sports activities for the disabled persons in the aspect of psychosocial functions has been analysed. The main findings of the empirical research are the following: 1. Respondents having the physical disability and involved in the sports activities feel the higher satisfaction in their life than those who are not. Physically active respondents evaluates their mental health more favourably; moreover, the indices of stress making factors are lower among those who are... [to full text]

Scientific literary analysis educed, that scientific literary lacks material for relations among children and parents having risk factors, for peculiarities of interaction and for possibilities of social work in order to improve noted relations. That’s why the topic of my master’s work is about social possibilities in order to improve relations among children and parents having risk factors. Aim of the research is to find out the possibilities of social work in order to improve relations among children and parents having risk factors.

No description available.