Parce qu’elle permet d’associer les capacités physiques d’un robot aux capacités perceptives et cognitives de l’Homme, la robotique collaborative peut être une solution pour répondre au problème des troubles musculo-squelettiques dans l’industrie. Cependant, le gain d’ergonomie qu’apporte l'utilisation de tels robots est rarement quantifié, à cause du manque d’outils adéquats.Ce travail vise à développer un outil générique permettant d’effectuer des évaluation ergonomiques d'activités de co-manipulation, à partir de très peu de données d’entrée. Cet outil s’appuie sur une évaluation en simulation, à l’aide d’un mannequin virtuel. Afin d'estimer les différentes sollicitations biomécaniques auxquelles sont exposés les ouvriers lorsqu’ils réalisent des tâches manuelles, de nombreux indicateurs d'ergonomie sont définis, et mesurés grâce à une simulation dynamique. Le mannequin virtuel est animé avec une technique d’optimisation LQP, et le robot est contrôlé par une commande en amplification d’effort. L'outil proposé est validé à l'aide d'expériences basées sur la capture de mouvement.Cependant, le choix d’un robot plutôt que d’un autre est rendu difficile par le nombre élevé d’indicateurs d'ergonomie à prendre en compte. Une méthode pour analyser la sensibilité des indicateurs aux différents paramètres du robot et de la tâche considérée est donc développée. Une telle analyse permet de réduire le nombre d’indicateurs à prendre en compte, tout en rendant suffisamment compte de l’ergonomie de chaque situation.Enfin, l’outil de simulation mis en place est couplé à un logiciel d’optimisation par algorithme génétique, afin d' optimiser la cinématique d’un robot collaboratif. / The growing number of musculoskeletal disorders in industry could be addressed by the use of collaborative robots, which allow the joint manipulation of objects by both a robot and a person. Designing such robots requires to assess the ergonomic benefit they offer. However there is a lack of adapted assessment tools. This work presents a generic tool for performing accurate ergonomic assessments of co-manipulation activities, with very little input data. This tool relies on an evaluation carried out within a digital world, using a virtual manikin to simulate the worker. A framework is developed to enable the estimation of the different biomechanical solicitations which occur during manual activities. Multiple ergonomic indicators are defined and measured through a dynamic simulation of the considered activity. The virtual manikin is animated through a LQP optimization technique, and the robot is controlled according to the manikin-robot interaction force. The proposed framework is validated with motion capture experiments. However, the high number of indicators that are measured makes any kind of conclusion difficult for the user. Hence, a methodology for analyzing the sensitivity of the various indicators to the robot and task parameters is proposed. The goal of such an analysis is to reduce the number of ergonomic indicators which are considered in an evaluation, while sufficiently accounting for the global ergonomic level of the considered activity. Finally, an application of the proposed methodology is presented. The evaluation framework is linked to a genetic algorithm software in order to optimize the morphology of a collaborative robot for a given task.

Cette thèse CIFRE menée au sein de l'équipe « Veille Innovation » d'EDF R&D décrit le processus de constitution de l'activité de veille collaborative sur le portail collaboratif Hermès. Nous analysons la tension entre, d'une part, un objectif de déploiement basé sur un usage volontaire et émergent valorisant le mode communautaire et, d'autre part, le contexte de l'entreprise marqué par une organisation hiérarchique et en mode projet. Suivant une approche de recherche pragmatique, nous mobilisons un cadre théorique et analytique double : la « Communication Constitutive de l'Organisation » (CCO) et la « Sémiotique des Transactions Coopératives » (STC).Dans la première partie, nous présentons les caractéristiques de l'activité de veille réalisée au sein des entreprises et des outils 2.0 dédiés. Nous décrivons en détail le portail collaboratif de veille Hermès et le travail de son équipe-projet. L'analyse des traces d'usage du portail nous permet de mieux appréhender l'appropriation d'Hermès par ses utilisateurs ainsi que les deux modes de coopération en présence : la coopération indirecte et la coopération directe.Dans la deuxième partie, nous présentons les cadres théoriques qui nous permettent d'introduire la notion de communicologue et de proposer une démarche pour l'engagement des acteurs dans la veille collaborative. En utilisant une démarche de théorisation ancrée, nous analysons les entretiens individuels réalisés avec des veilleurs appartenant à quatre « communautés » Hermès. Nous reconstituons quatre cas de coopération à partir de leur compréhension de l'activité de veille collaborative et de leurs usages du portail.La persistance du mode d'organisation par projets au sein des « communautés » de veille Hermès indique que les changements envisagés par l'équipe-projet de conception ne sont pas produits. Pourtant, nous observons que les « communautés » de veille peuvent construire leur propre mode d'organisation de l'activité communautaire tout en restant en phase avec les besoins et les lignes directrices des projets. Nous faisons l'hypothèse qu'en mettant en place la démarche du communicologue, l'équipe-projet peut aider les communautés Hermès à concevoir leur activité collective selon les caractéristiques d'un régime de coopération communautaire. Enfin, cette recherche nous permet de distinguer les activités de veille collaborative et de veille communautaire au sens propre. / This CIFRE thesis, conducted within the team "Veille Innovation" at the R&D direction of EDF, describes the constitution process of the collaborative intelligence activity through the collaborative portal Hermes. We analyze the tension between, on one hand, a deployment strategy based on a voluntary and emerging use that values community based organization and, secondly, the business context marked by a hierarchical and project based organization. Following a pragmatic research approach, we mobilize a double theoretical and analytical framework: the "Communicative Constitution of Organizations" (CCO) and "Semiotics of Cooperative Transactions" (STC).In the first part, we present the characteristics of the competitive intelligence activity carried out within companies using dedicated 2.0 tools. We describe in detail the collaborative portal Hermes and the work of its project team. The analysis of the portal's usage quantitative data allows us to better understand the appropriation of Hermes for its users and the two modes of cooperation involved: indirect cooperation and direct cooperation.In the second part, we present the theoretical frameworks that allow us to introduce the concept of “communicologue” and to propose an approach for the engagement of stakeholders in collaborative intelligence activity. Using a grounded theory approach, we analyze individual interviews with users belonging to four Hermès "communities". We reconstruct four cases of cooperation from their understanding of the collaborative intelligence activity and their use of the portal.The persistence of the project mode organization in the Hermès "communities" indicates that the changes envisioned by the project team are not produced. However, we observe that the "communities" can build their own community based organization while remaining in line with the needs and guidelines of the projects. We assume that by the implementation of the “communicologue” approach, the project team can help Hermes communities design their collective activity following the characteristics of a community cooperative regime. Finally, this research allows us to distinguish the activities of collaborative intelligence and community watch literally.

De nos jours, les projets de conception complexes de produits exigent que les équipes de concepteurs se réunissent pour faciliter le partage de leurs compétences et expertises respectives afin de produire un ensemble de solutions de conception efficace. Dû au besoin croissant d’échanger les connaissances, les projets de conception modernes sont encore plus structurés pour travailler avec des équipes distribuées qui collaborent sur un réseau informatique pour accomplir une conception optimale de produit. Néanmoins, dans ce processus de conception collaborative, l'intégration d'équipes multidisciplinaires – qui implique l'échange et le partage des connaissances et compétences – génère fréquemment des situations conflictuelles. Les différents points de vue et perspectives des experts, les différentes façons de communiquer et collaborer au niveau de connaissances, rendent le processus difficilement maitrisable. Pour accomplir un scénario optimal, certains problèmes doivent d’abords être résolus comme la spécification et formalisation des besoins, l’intégration d'ontologies, la détection et la résolution des conflits. Spécifier et formaliser les connaissances demandent un grand effort afin d’obtenir un modèle de représentation pour agréger plusieurs domaines différents des connaissances. Chaque expert pourrait s'exprimer afin que les autres comprennent leurs informations correctement. Il est donc nécessaire d’utiliser un modèle de représentation de données suffisamment clair et flexible pour accomplir cette tâche. Certains modèles actuels ne parviennent pas à fournir une solution efficace pour le partage des connaissances et pour la collaboration des projets de conception, car ces modèles n’intègrent pas les aspects géographiques, temporels, fonctionnels de la conception avec un modèle de représentation des connaissances flexible et générique. Ce travail propose une architecture, pour la conception collaborative, qui ambitionne d'être synchrone, générique, orientée aux services, basée sur les agents, et basée sur les ontologies. Des modèles particuliers de représentation sont transformés en instances d'ontologie et sont fusionnés pour accomplir le model final de conception d’un produit. C'est une approche synchrone parce que le processus de fusion est entrepris en même temps que l'interaction entre concepteurs. C'est générique parce qu'elle permet aux utilisateurs de travailler avec deux approches pour l’intégration d'ontologies : celle qui utilise une ontologie générique et celle qui utilise un processus d'harmonisation. Notre proposition se concentre sur les conflits de la conception collaborative et fait usage de Web Ontology Language (OWL) et des Services Web, le premier comme langage pour représenter les connaissances et le dernier comme un support technologique pour la communication. / Today’s complex design projects require teams of designers to work collaboratively by sharing their respective expertise in order to produce effective design solutions. Due to the increasing need for exchanging knowledge, modern design projects are more structured to work with distributed virtual teams that collaborate over computer networks to achieve overall optimization in design. Nevertheless, in a collaborative design process, the integration of multidisciplinary virtual teams – involving exchange and sharing of knowledge and expertise – frequently and inevitably generates conflicting situations. Different experts’ viewpoints and perspectives, in addition to several ways of communicating and collaborating at the knowledge level, make all this process very hard to manage. In order to achieve an optimal scenario, some problems must first be solved, such as requirement specification and formalization, ontology integration, and conflict detection and resolution. Specifying and formalizing the knowledge demands a great effort towards obtaining representation patterns that aggregate several disjoint knowledge areas. Each expert should express himself so that the others can understand his information correctly. It is necessary, therefore, to use a flexible and sufficiently extensive data representation model to accomplish such a task. Some current models fall short of providing an effective solution to effective knowledge sharing and collaboration on design projects, because they fail to combine the geographical, temporal, and functional design aspects with a flexible and generic knowledge representation model. This work proposes an information model-driven collaborative design architecture that supports synchronous, generic, service-oriented, agent-based, and ontology-based teamwork. Particular representation models are transformed into ontology instances and merged together in order to accomplish the final product design. It is a synchronous approach because the concurrent processes are undertaken at the same time that the interactions among designers take place. It is generic because it provides the users with two approaches for ontology integration: the use of a predefined generic ontology and the harmonization process. Our proposal focuses on collaborative design conflict resolution by using Web Ontology Language (OWL) and Web Services, the former as a tool for knowledge representation and the latter as a technological support for communication.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:33:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao de Eleu Lima Natalli.pdf: 2837468 bytes, checksum: 93c38f6e42dec337f7fe7f909c57adab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A Web oferece uma oportunidade inédita de promover a integração de pessoas para a realização de atividades de qualquer natureza, seja para o trabalho, para o lazer ou para o estudo. Com isto vê-se crescer a demanda por novas aplicações colaborativas. Neste contexto vimos surgir uma classe de aplicações denominada de Ambientes Colaborativos. Embora muito se tenha avançado com o surgimento de ambientes de propósito geral, onde os AVAs e CMSs se destacam, tem-se observado que estes nem sempre se ajustam às necessidade e preferências de grupos específicos. É portanto desejável a oferta de facilitadores para criação de propostas inovadoras. Nesse trabalho, é apresentado um framework para o desenvolvimento de ambientes pertencentes a esta classe de aplicações. O objetivo da proposta é facilitar o processo de construção deste gênero de ambientes, promovendo artefatos facilitadores para uso, segundo a abordagem do Modelo 3C de colaboração. A proposta foi construída a partir da etodologia Hot-Spot Driven Design acoplados com boas práticas da Engenharia de Software, além de utilizar os conceitos de Unidade de Produção Intelectual (UPI) e Veículos de comunicação (Vcom) para modelagem dos espaços de colaboração, propostos no projeto MOrFEu. Por fim, o trabalho também apresenta um protótipo do framework proposto, como forma de materializar os conceitos descritos e realçar a viabilidade da proposta, criando-se um conjunto de ambientes colaborativos / The Web offers an unprecedented opportunity to promote the integration of persons to perform activities of any nature, whether for work, for leisure or for study. With this one sees growing demand for new collaborative applications. In this context we have seen an emerging class of applications called Collaborative Environments. Although much progress has been made with the emergence of general-purpose environments, where VLEs and CMSs stand out, it has been observed that these do not always fit the needs and preferences of specific groups. It is therefore desirable to offer facilitators for creating innovative proposals. In this work, we present a framework for the development of environments of this class of applications. The aim of the proposal is to facilitate the process of building this kind of environments, promoting artifacts facilitators to use, according to the approach of the 3C collaboration model. The proposal was built on the methodology Hot-Spot-Driven Design coupled with best practices of software engineering, in addition to using the concepts of Intellectual Production Unit (UPI) and communication vehicle (Vcom) for modeling collaborative spaces proposed in the MOrFEu project. Finally, the work also presents a prototype of the proposed framework as a way of materializing the concepts described and enhance the viability of the proposal, creating a set of collaborative environments

The Program Institutional Scholarships Initiation to Teaching (Brazil / 2009) is intended for academic degrees of conducting inserts in basic education, and aims to improve teacher training. The PIBID the Federal University of Santa Maria includes nineteen (19) sub-projects related to undergraduate education, while Institutional initiative connected to the Dean of Graduate, which provides a virtual learning environment - Moodle / Prograd for this and other programs use to store courseware. This work aims to study the issue, with regard to communication and interaction of the participants of this project. As a general goal want to search the collaborative learning among the participants of PIBID / UFSM using the Virtual Learning Environment Moodle / Prograd. In this academic study initiation scholarship to teaching, supervising teachers and area coordinators teachers of four (4) sub-projects. We used case study with a qualitative approach to analyze the responses and as a tool for data collection, non-participant observation and questionnaires were used. Research shows that the use of this environment enhances the communication and interaction of those involved as well as practical encourages collaborative learning and may eventually envision a collaborative network using Moodle and thus give more visibility to the work carried out and facilitate exchanges of information and knowledge between participants PIBID UFSM and other education institutions. / O Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (Brasil/2009) é destinado a acadêmicos das licenciaturas, realizando inserções na Educação Básica e visando a melhorar a formação docente. O PIBID da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria contempla 19 (dezenove) subprojetos ligados às licenciaturas. Enquanto projeto Institucional está vinculado à Pró-Reitoria de Graduação, que disponibiliza um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem Moodle/Prograd, para esse e outros programas utilizarem como repositório de material didático. Este trabalho objetiva estudar a problemática, no que diz respeito à comunicação e à interação dos participantes deste projeto. Como objetivo geral, busca pesquisar a aprendizagem colaborativa entre os participantes do PIBID/UFSM, utilizando o Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem Moodle/Prograd. Participaram deste estudo, acadêmicos de iniciação a docência, professores, supervisores e professores coordenadores de 4 (quatro) subprojetos. Utilizou-se o método estudo de caso, com abordagem qualitativa para análise das respostas e, como instrumento de coletas de dados, foram utilizados questionários e observação não participante. A investigação aponta que a utilização deste ambiente potencializa a comunicação e interação dos envolvidos, bem como estimula práticas de aprendizagem colaborativa, podendo, futuramente, vislumbrar uma rede colaborativa, utilizando o Moodle e, com isto, dar mais visibilidades aos trabalhos realizados e possibilitar trocas de informações e conhecimentos entre os participantes PIBID da UFSM e outras Instituições de Ensino.

Le niveau de complexité des défis auxquelles font face les sociétés contemporaines exige le développement de solutions basées sur la combinaison de compétences de multiples acteurs. Cette intelligence collective émerge de la capacité des acteurs de réaliser des projets dans lesquelles leurs actions sont hautement interdépendantes. Le système pédagogique traditionnel fait face à des limitations structurelles pour former les étudiants à cette pratique que nous caractérisons de conception collaborative. Malgré le fait que le modèle de l’apprentissage basé sur l’atelier est avant tout utilisé dans une approche individuelle d’auteur, ce système singulier qui distingue les études d’architectures depuis 300 ans s’avère être un processus d’apprentissage hautement collectif. Nous soutenons que le W-AU est une évolution de ce modèle qui, en reconfigurant certains de ses paramètres, est devenu une approche efficace pour la formation à la conception collaborative. Grâce à un ancrage historique du W-AU, une typologie de ses pratiques contemporaines, et une recherche-action menée dans 3 cas spécifiques, cette recherche identifie les forces et les limites de ce modèle. Ce travail met en lumière, entre autres, les rôles de certains acteurs clés et les gouvernances propres à servir de médiation au processus de collaboration. Par ailleurs, l'appropriabilité, l'exotisme et l'interaction collective des structures du système se révèlent être des caractéristiques clés pour catalyser le processus collaboratif. Enfin, cette thèse souligne que, malgré une pratique répandue, les spécificités du W-AU doivent être mieux comprises et maîtrisées pour soutenir efficacement la conception collaborative. / The complexity level of challenges that face contemporary societies requires the development of solutions based on combinations of skills from multiple actors. This collective intelligence emerges from the capacity of actors to carry out projects in which their actions are highly interdependent. The traditional pedagogical system faces structural limitations in training students in this interdependent practice that we characterize as collaborative design. Despite the fact that studio-based learning model is mostly used in an individual authoring approach, this singular system which typify the architecture studies for the last 300 years, reveal a highly collective learning process. In this thesis, we argue that the Design Charrette is an evolution of this model which, by reconfiguring some of its parameters, has become a proper approach for collaborative design. Through a historical and theoretical anchor of the Design Charrette, a typology of its contemporary practices, and through action research conducted within 3 specific cases, this research identifies the potential strengths and limitations of the Design Charrette as a model for training students in collaborative design. Among the findings, this work highlights some key actors roles and governance configurations proper to mediate the collaborative process. It draws attention that appropriability, exoticism and collective interaction of the system structures, are key factors to catalyse collaborative design process. Finally, this work point to the fact that, despite the widespread practice of the Design Charrette, its specifics settings need to be better known to support effectively collaborative design process. / A complexidade dos desafios que as sociedades contemporâneas enfrentam requer a concepção de soluções baseadas na mobilização das habilidades de múltiplos atores. Esta inteligência coletiva emerge da capacidade desses atores conduzirem projetos nos quais suas ações são altamente interdependentes. No entanto, o sistema tradicional de ensino, que está baseado em uma lógica disciplinar de avaliação individual, encontra dificuldades para formar estudantes a este tipo de práticas de concepção colaborativa. Na paisagem da educação de nível superior, o ensino da Arquitetura distingue-se da abordagem disciplinar unversitária por utilizar o dispositivo do Atelier, que visa a aprendizagem de competências através de uma abordagem integrativa dos conhecimentos num processo de projeto. Este processo de aprendizagem por meio do projeto é também realizado em um ambiente particular, caracterizado por padrões espaciais, temporais, físicos e sociais singulares. Embora o sistema de avaliação seja feito da mesma forma que o modelo umiversitário tradicional, que é estruturado em função de um trabalho individual, este dispositivo pedagógico se difere em primeiro lugar, pela postura de autor que o aluno deve demonstrar, e em segundo lugar, pela dinâmica coletiva de aprendizagem que é implementado neste ambiente particular de fornação. A partir dessas constatações, defendemos a tese de que o Atelier de Arquitetura é um dispositivo pedagógico capaz de formar à concepção colaborativa, desde que alguns dos seus parâmetros sejam reconfigurados. Nesta perspectiva, nós identificamos o atelier intensivo de curta duração como uma evolução contemporânea do dispositivo do Atelier que, graças a uma concentração de alguns dos seus parâmetros (espaciais, temporais, físicos e sociais), tornou-se um lugar de experimentação concreta da prática e da aprendizagem da concepçãocolaborativa. Nessa pesquisa, nós usamos o acrônimo "W-AU" (Workshop de Arquitetura e Urbanismo) para falar do atelier intensivo de curta duração, a fim de distingui-lo de sua versão longa. Para defender esta tese, em primeiro lugar, nós definimos o atelier tradicional através de uma perspectiva histórica, além de analisarmos sua estrutura e seu funcionamento para então identificar como este dispositivo dialoga com a noção de concepção colaborativa. Em seguida, nós realizamos uma tipologia do W-AU, em função de suas diferentes práticas contemporâneas, para situar três estudos de caso a partir dos quais, nós descrevemos diferentes implementações da concepção colaborativa. Esta análise nos permite trazer à luz o papel-chave dos diferentes atores, da configuração da governança e da configuração dos parâmetros do ambiente, visando promover o processo de concepção colaborativa. Esta pesquisa consiste portanto em identificar as potencialidades e limitações oferecidos pelo W-AU para a formação à concepção colaborativa nos estudos de Arquitetura. Dada a diversidade das variáveis que estão em jogo na implementação deste ambiente colaborativo, a ambição desta contribuição não é propor um procedimento-padrão para a realização deste gênero de dispositivo, mas sim identificar e divulgar algumas ferramentas e estratégias sucetíveis de serem mobilizadas pelos atores da concepção colaborativa, visando facilitar e otimizar a sua abordagem.

Abstract The use of mobile devices, including mobile phones and tablets, is a growing trend in education. The practice has been widely technology driven and often justified simply by the importance of using new technology in a classroom and by claiming such devices to be important in reaching something referred to, although not that well defined, as 21st century skills. This thesis is one answer to the challenge represented by this development. It brings together theoretical ideas of scaffolding learning with collaborative scripts and the use of mobile devices as cognitive tools in a real life educational settings. This thesis has constructivist grounds and aims at exploring how to support collaborative learning when students have ill-structured problems and their activities are supported with mobile technologies. The study consists of three case studies, which together form an example of how important it is to design, develop and deliver lightweight digital tools and activities for learners to construct knowledge. Overall, the results of three case studies in this thesis confirms that it is a dubious assumption that learners will automatically take appropriate and measured advantage of the affordances of mobile devices and other emergent technologies involved in cognitive activities: rather, these cognitive tools require deliberate attention and effort from learners to make use of the affordances of the tools. Furthermore, results from the case studies reveal that personal factors such as students’ prior knowledge and their metacognitive and collaborative skills, as well as contextual cues such as cultural compatibility and instructional methods, influence student engagement. / Tiivistelmä Mobiililaitteiden, kuten puhelinten ja tabletien, opetuskäyttö lisääntyy hyvää vauhtia. Aihepiiri on ollut teknologiavetoinen, opetuskäyttöä on perusteltu lähinnä tarkemmin määrittelemättömillä 2000-luvun kansalaistaidoilla (21th century skills) ja uuden teknologian hyödyntämisen tärkeydellä. Tämä väitöskirja on teoreettisesti ja metodologisesti perusteltu vastine tähän keskusteluun. Tutkimus yhdistää pedagogista vaiheistamista ja kognitiivisia työkaluja käsittelevän teoreettisen viitekehyksen kolmeen todellisissa oppimistilanteissa tehtyyn kokeiluun. Työ koostuu kolmesta tapaustutkimuksesta, jotka yhdessä muodostavat esimerkin kuinka mobiililaitteiden avulla tuettua opiskelua voidaan suunnitella ja toteuttaa erilaisissa konteksteissa. Ensimmäisessä tapaustutkimuksessa tutkittiin maantieteellisesti hajautuneen opetusta suunnittelevan yhteisön vuorovaikutusta. Toisessa tapaustutkimuksessa selvitettiin kuinka tukea luontopolkutyöskentelyä mobiilisovellusten avulla. Kolmannessa tapaustutkimuksessa tutkittiin yliopisto-opiskelijoiden opintojen tukemista mobiilin sosiaalisen median sovelluksia hyödyntäen. Kolme tapaustutkimusta osoittavat että oppilaiden ei voida olettaa automaattisesti osaavan hyödyntää uusinta teknologiaa ja pedagogisia menetelmiä opiskelunsa tukena. Päinvastoin, käyttäminen vaatii opiskelijoilta paljon päämäärätietoista ponnistelua. Henkilökohtaiset tekijät, kuten aiemmat kokemukset, opiskelutaidot, mutta myös tilannesidonnaiset tekijät kuten opetusmenetelmät vaikuttavat opiskelijoiden kykyyn hyödyntää uutta teknologiaa opiskelussa.

Le but de cette recherche est d’étudier l’impact de l’apprentissage assisté par le multimédia sur le développement du vocabulaire et sur la compréhension, chez les enfants du préscolaire, par rapport à l’apprentissage traditionnel. Elle vise également à étudier l’impact des différents modes d’interaction dans les environnements informatisés, sur le développement du langage et sur la compréhension de l’histoire chez l’enfant.L’apprentissage du langage est un enjeu fort de réussite scolaire ultérieure pour les élèves de l’école maternelle. Cette recherche doctorale vise à étudier l’impact, sur l’acquisition de certaines compétences concernant le langage, de l’introduction d’environnements informatisés en dernière année d’école maternelle (grande section, enfant de 5 à 6 ans). Nous nous attachons particulièrement à l’acquisition, par les enfants, des connaissances linguistiques et des compétences langagières, en matière de lexique et à travers la réception et la compréhension de récits. Cette étude s’attache d’abord à faire le bilan des recherches et l’analyse des logiciels existants (les histoires électroniques) en français. Elle utilise ensuite un logiciel spécifique (Un Prince à l’école) dans des classes maternelles de région parisienne, pour étudier l’effet de son emploi dans le développement du vocabulaire (un pré/post-test) et la compréhension du récit (un post-test) pour ces élèves. Nous étudions (i) l’impact de l’interaction avec l’histoire sur support électronique vs l’histoire sur support papier, (ii) l’impact de l’interaction (individuelle vs collaborative) avec l’histoire sur support électronique sur le développement du vocabulaire et la compréhension du récit. / The purpose of this research is to study the impact of multimedia assisted learning on vocabulary development and comprehension among children of preschool, compared to traditional learning. It also aims to study the impact of different modes of interaction in computerized environments on language development and comprehension of the story among children of preschool.Learning the language is a major challenge for future academic success of students in kindergarten. This doctoral research aims to study the impact on the acquisition of certain skills on the language, and introduction of computerized environments in the final year of kindergarten (KG2, 5 to 6 year-olds). The study focuses particularly on the children acquisition of language skills in vocabulary and through the reception and comprehension of narratives. This work aims to take stock of existing research and analyses software (electronic stories) in French. It then uses special software (Un Prince à l’école) in the Paris region, and study the effectiveness in vocabulary development (pre/post test) and comprehension of the story (post-test) for these children. We studied (i) the impact of the interaction with the e-story vs. the story on paper, (ii) the impact of the interaction (individual vs. collaborative) with e-story on vocabulary development and comprehension of the story.

Literature has indicated that music therapy has many physical benefits for individuals with Cerebral Palsy (CP) and that these benefits hold much potential for music therapy application within physiotherapy sessions. Collaboration between music therapy and physiotherapy in work with these individuals, however, has not yet been explored in a South African context and no studies include physiotherapists‟ perspectives on the matter. This research study has begun to bridge this gap by exploring music therapy and physiotherapy collaboration in a South African context and by looking for new insights concerning physiotherapists‟ perspectives. Data for this study was collected from a process in which I, as music therapy student, collaborated with a physiotherapist in sessions with clients with CP over a period of six sessions. Data included semi-structured interviews with physiotherapist participants; session notes written by the music therapy student as part of participant observation; and video-excerpts of meaningful moments from the collaborative sessions. The data indicated that collaboration has the potential to afford many physical, emotional/relational and psychological benefits for clients with CP, although there were some challenging features which also emerged throughout the process. The different therapists‟ perceptions also revealed some of the collaborative dynamics which can emerge during such a process, as well insights as into the requirements for effective collaboration. Copyright / Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Music / unrestricted

This work focuses on collaborative learning and how it canbe applied and supported in distance education. Previous workindi-cates that distance learners experience more loneliness,technical problems and lack of stimulation than face-to-facelearners do. Collaboration with peers may improve the feelingof connectedness and engagement. However, collaborativelearning is not the answer to all problems in distanceeducation--and it creates new problems. The present workexplores problems, opportunities and processes whencollaborative learning is introduced in distance education--andsuggests solutions. Related research on distance education andcomputer-supported collaborative learning is reviewed andrelated to own research. The different roles of information andcommunication technology in these areas are described. Six own research papers are reviewed and integrated. Threeof them explore university courses on computer use in society.Learners interacted mainly through a forum system, i.e. asystem for text-based, asynchronous electronic conferences anddiscussions. The special character offorum communication hadan impact on communication and collaboration processes. Onepaper summarizes these results and deduces a first list of tipsto teachers and systems designers, aiming to reduce problemsand take advantage of collabo-rative-learningopportunities. One paper, a report to the Swedish School Board, provides anoverview of research on distance education, withrecommendations for use in secondary schools. To get a broader picture of distance-education learners andtheir special situation and interests, a study was conducted inAustralia. Most of the learners were secondary-school students,living far away from towns. Communication was normallyrestricted to mail, radio and telephone. Opportunities forcollaboration between peers were rare, and correspondencetraditions and the lack of technological infrastructure weredelaying changes. However, a development towards morecollaborative learning had started. Empirical data were gathered ethnographically in naturalcourse settings. Results were analysed using 'activity theory'as a framework. The main contribution of this work is a description of howthree groups of learning processes develop and interact: (a) ofcontent, (b) of communication, and (c) of collaboration. Theyform the spiralling model of a"Triple Helix". Finally, detailed advice is given aschecklists to organisations, teachers, learners and systemdesigners. Keywords:Distance education, Collaborative learning,Computer-supported collaborative learning, Information andcommuni-cation technology, ICT, Forum system, Learningprocesses. / <p>NR 20140805</p>