Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:30:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Monica dos Santos Mandaji.pdf: 3566058 bytes, checksum: 4fa0777859519f0249b64b8e89a12a15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The current research is connected to the Post-Graduate Program in Education: Curriculum at Catholic University of Sao Paulo (PUC-SP) in the research group New Technologies in Education . This study proposes to analyse the development of the collaboration process in coauthoral works developed in learning management systems. The research aimed to contribute for the evolution of the mark which recognizes the importance of collaboration in processes of teaching and learning in learning management systems through the construction of categories and models for the analysis of collaborative practices. The theoretical concepts were established upon two themes of origin: the concept of collaboration itself, with references, among others, in Amoretti; Simon; Maturana and Varela; Fiorentini; Johnson and Jonhson; and the evolution of communication, the consequent characterization of the information society and the evolution of the Web 2.0 as an effective possibility to use in processes of teaching and learning upon the concepts established by Ausubel; Barbero; Boavida and Ponte; Castells; Cunningham, Schons among others. The research universe was constituted of courses in continuous education and undergraduate distance learning courses, with focus on the following cases: the course Distance Learning and Musical Education developed by the Association of Friends of the Guri Project of the State Department of Culture of São Paulo and the course Culture in the space of diversity, sustainable development and inclusion CEDSI-Pe taught within the undergraduate Pedagogy course of UAB Ufscar Open University of Brazil at Federal University of São Carlos. Its analysis was made through the study of the relations established by the participants in the development of activities of coauthoring. As methodology it was used the bricolage method, since it comprehends an extensive group of possibilities and admits the use of techniques of qualitative and quantitative analysis with an observation directed towards the practices of the individual upon which one aims to break with the reductionism, the idea of installments, the fragmentation and the scientific neutrality of positivist methods, according to Kincheloe and Berry. Identified the repetition of actions in the relationships between individuals in the process of development of coauthoral activities it is possible to evidentiate as main contribution that the development of models for analysis categories may make it easier to accompany this process for teachers and collaboration managers in virtual learning spaces; and that the categorization of relationships makes it possibile for an evolution of the quantitative analysis for its qualification; with that new possibilities are open, such as the development of specialist systems in the field of Artificial Intelligence / A presente investigação está vinculada ao Programa de Pós Graduação em Educação: Currículo da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP) na linha de pesquisa de Novas Tecnologias em Educação . Este Estudo tem como proposta a análise do desenvolvimento do processo de colaboração em trabalhos de coautoria desenvolvidos em ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem. A pesquisa procurou contribuir para a evolução do marco que reconhece a importância da colaboração em processos de ensino e de aprendizagem em ambientes virtuais por meio da construção de categorias e de matrizes para a análise das práticas colaborativas. Os pressupostos teóricos foram estabelecidos a partir de duas temáticas: o conceito de colaboração, com referências, entre outros, em Amoretti; Simon; Maturana e Varela; Fiorentini; Johnson e Jonhson; e a evolução da comunicação, a consequente caracterização da sociedade da informação e a evolução da Web 2.0 como possibilidade efetiva de utilização nos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem a partir dos conceitos estabelecidos por Ausubel; Barbero; Boavida e Ponte; Castells; Cunningham, Schons entre outros. O universo da pesquisa foi formado por cursos de formação continuada e de graduação a distância, tendo como casos: o curso EaD e Educação Musical desenvolvido pela Associação Amigos do Projeto Guri da Secretaria do Estado da Cultura do Estado de São Paulo e a disciplina A cultura no espaço da diversidade, sustentabilidade e inclusão CEDSI-Pe ministrada junto ao curso de Pedagogia da UAB Ufscar Universidade Aberta do Brasil da Universidade Federal de São Carlos. A análise foi realizada a partir do estudo das relações estabelecidas pelos participantes no desenvolvimento de atividades de coautoria. Como metodologia foi utilizado o método da Bricolagem, pois possibilita um leque de possibilidades e admite o uso de técnicas de análise qualitativa e quantitativa com olhar dirigido as práticas do indivíduo na qual se almeja romper com o reducionismo, o parcelamento, a fragmentação e a neutralidade científica dos métodos positivistas, segundo Kincheloe e Berry. Identificada a recorrência de ações nas relações entre os indivíduos no processo de desenvolvimento de atividades em coautoria destaca-se como contribuição principal que a utilização de matrizes de categorias de análises pode facilitar o acompanhamento desse processo por parte de professores e gestores da colaboração em espaços virtuais de aprendizagem; e que a categorização das relações possibilita uma evolução da análise quantitativa para a qualitativa; com isso são abertas novas possibilidades como o desenvolvimento de sistemas especialistas como apoio à análise dos processos de elaboração de projetos de coautoria

Research has identified that one limitation of traditional mentoring occurs when there is a mismatch between the mentor and the protégé in work styles and personalities. Further, most of the literature on mentoring has not examined the informal mentoring that occurs between college students. Recent research has identified this type of peer mentoring as collaborative mentoring. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of interpersonal attraction in the development and success of collaborative mentoring relationships and to further examine which attraction dimension was the best predictor of the success of the relationship. Multiple regression analysis showed task attraction was the best predictor of the overall success of a collaborative mentoring relationship. This work is significant because it shows a person's perceived level of competence directly influences the success of a collaborative mentoring relationship more than likeability or physical appearance.

In recent years, due to severe global market competition, increase of manpower costs and decrease in foreign trade, plus low-price labor costs from China and southeastern Asia countries (eg. Vietnam), all these factors enforce Taiwan manufacturing, such as motorcycle industry, moving their production factories to those countries. This phenomenon has been brought to Taiwan government¡¦s attention, and this crisis has encouraged our industrial circles to develop higher-level R&D and design center. Furthermore, the official department (eg. Industrial Development Bureau) also supplies enterprises with expenses support to conduct R&D and design. Within New Product Development (NPD) is one of the major subsidiary entries. Take Taiwan motorcycle industry as an example. To develop NPD is an essential competitive strategy for enterprise. On the one hand, this strategy has helped Taiwan motorcycle industry to be independent of technical domination from Japan; on the other hand, it has created differentiation in motorcycle industry and consolidated the foundation marching into international market. This is also what internal manufacture enterprises strive for. NPD process involves several stages. For example, in 1994 Cooper brought up product composition, initial evaluation, concept design, product development, product test, engineering trial production and limited quantity to market, these 7 stages, and NPD participant units or departments are quite a lot. For example, in motorcycle development process, participant units include merchandise plan, sales, R&D, manufacture, mold design, and quality control departments, and even parts supplier or motorcycle agent. This kind of collaborative development method has the advantages of putting heads together so as to get better results and cooperation. However, it remains existing problems with wasting time and efforts on inter-department interaction and manual data communication, and data accuracy (eg. version of design chart). To cope with the above problems, most enterprises are solving via existing IT system, such as simplex e-mail, more complex ERP (enterprise resources planning, ERP) or PDM (product data management, PDM). These systems have their own functions. E-mail focuses on communication; ERP integrates information of manufacture, human resources, finance, and marketing; PDM puts emphasis on engineering data management. In the viewpoint of NPD, these systems can only provides partial functions, but are incapable of support the requirements of entire collaborative process. For example, e-mail cannot supplies simultaneous communication; ERP lacks of design mold required by R&D department; PDM only has engineering data. If other departments need related data, they must develop other software to obtain. Because of swift progress in IT plus the cooperation demands in business operation among enterprises, departments and individuals, all these arouse attention on collaborative commerce, and it can also recover the disadvantages of e-mail, ERP or PDM while operating in NPD process. Collaborative commerce contains collaborative scheme, collaborative marketing, collaborative product commerce (or development) and collaborative service, these system classifications. Within them, collaborative product development binds NPD most. In current, the main manufacturers are PTC, HP and IBM. The merits of the system lie in effective controlling NPD process, constructing NPD operation standard, and accumulating experiences in new product design and manufacture. For example, in1995 Airbus in France had used PTC Windchill to conduct collaborative aircraft design. In 1999, there was Taiwan manufacturer under government¡¦s subsidy applying this system on new motorcycle model design. The main objective to introduce collaborative product development software is applying IT to support NPD process. IT introduction process is an important period for enterprises to identify whether it is successful or not, and the adaptation during the process is the key accordance to determine success or failure of IT. Therefore, some scholars discuss IT introduction process from adaptation point of view. For example, Leonard ¡V Barton¡]LB¡^¡]1988¡^addresses mutual adaptation mode between technology and organization to resolve misalignment during introduction process in technology (original IT specification), delivery system (training courses), performance criteria (impact upon activity). Susman et al.¡]2003¡^addresses that while using collaborative technology, the misalignments between technology and work, team and organization should be solved. DeSantics and Poole¡]1994¡^ bring up adaptive structuration theory¡]AST¡^. The theory emphasizes on appropiration in technology, work, organizational environment and group. The higher the appropiration is, the higher the decision performance will be. Tyre and Orlikowski¡]1994¡^deem the technology adaptation is not gradual and continuous, but highly discontiunous. They indicate that in adaptation discrepancy events will discontinuously occur. This event provides enterprise an opportunity to review the suitability of existing process or a method to modify present process. Although above researches have provided vital results, research result from Majchrzak et al.¡]2000¡^about new technology introduction process still cannot clearly describe all phenomena. Hence, they have discussed adaptation in project process via rocket design project and used collaborative technology (such as e-mail, data sharing or electric board) Majchrzak et al. has connected collaborative technology and NPD, but the research has discussed small and simple collaborative technology only (such as e-mail), but lacked of result of large and complex collaborative product development software. Meanwhile, although the result is the application of NPD, it does not provide the adaptation of each NPD stage (such as engineering trial manufacture). Furthermore, the mature experiences from western countries, such as Airbus in France, in introduction of collaborative product development software in NPD is worthy of consultation, but the specific situations in different countries should be taken into consideration. In Taiwan, cases which application of collaborative product development software supports NPD are still rare, but these introduction experiences are worthy of making thorough inquiry for other enterprises¡¦ reference. Therefore, the article has selected a case closed study of Taiwan manufacturing that introduced collaborative product development software and accompanied with related adaptation theory (such as LB mode, AST, discrepancy event, etc.) to thoroughly investigate adaptation conditions and result analysis before, in the middle of, and after introduction.

<p>This work focuses on collaborative learning and how it canbe applied and supported in distance education. Previous workindi-cates that distance learners experience more loneliness,technical problems and lack of stimulation than face-to-facelearners do. Collaboration with peers may improve the feelingof connectedness and engagement. However, collaborativelearning is not the answer to all problems in distanceeducation--and it creates new problems. The present workexplores problems, opportunities and processes whencollaborative learning is introduced in distance education--andsuggests solutions.</p><p>Related research on distance education andcomputer-supported collaborative learning is reviewed andrelated to own research. The different roles of information andcommunication technology in these areas are described.</p><p>Six own research papers are reviewed and integrated. Threeof them explore university courses on computer use in society.Learners interacted mainly through a forum system, i.e. asystem for text-based, asynchronous electronic conferences anddiscussions. The special character offorum communication hadan impact on communication and collaboration processes. Onepaper summarizes these results and deduces a first list of tipsto teachers and systems designers, aiming to reduce problemsand take advantage of collabo-rative-learningopportunities.</p><p>One paper, a report to the Swedish School Board, provides anoverview of research on distance education, withrecommendations for use in secondary schools.</p><p>To get a broader picture of distance-education learners andtheir special situation and interests, a study was conducted inAustralia. Most of the learners were secondary-school students,living far away from towns. Communication was normallyrestricted to mail, radio and telephone. Opportunities forcollaboration between peers were rare, and correspondencetraditions and the lack of technological infrastructure weredelaying changes. However, a development towards morecollaborative learning had started.</p><p>Empirical data were gathered ethnographically in naturalcourse settings. Results were analysed using 'activity theory'as a framework.</p><p>The main contribution of this work is a description of howthree groups of learning processes develop and interact: (a) ofcontent, (b) of communication, and (c) of collaboration. Theyform the spiralling model of a<b>"Triple Helix"</b>. Finally, detailed advice is given aschecklists to organisations, teachers, learners and systemdesigners.</p><p><b>Keywords:</b>Distance education, Collaborative learning,Computer-supported collaborative learning, Information andcommuni-cation technology, ICT, Forum system, Learningprocesses.</p>

Recommendation systems are emerging as an important business application as the demand for personalized services in E-commerce increases. Collaborative filtering techniques are widely used for predicting a user's preference or generating a list of items to be recommended. In this thesis, we develop several new approaches for collaborative filtering based on model combination and kernel smoothing. Specifically, we start with an experimental study that compares a wide variety of CF methods under different conditions. Based on this study, we formulate a combination model similar to boosting but where the combination coefficients are functions rather than constant. In another contribution we formulate and analyze a local variation of matrix factorization. This formulation constructs multiple local matrix factorization models and then combines them into a global model. This formulation is based on the local low-rank assumption, a slightly different but more plausible assumption about the rating matrix. We apply this assumption to both rating prediction and ranking problems, with both empirical validations and theoretical analysis. We contribute with this thesis in four aspects. First, the local approaches we present significantly improve the accuracy of recommendations both in rating prediction and ranking problems. Second, with the more realistic local low-rank assumption, we fundamentally change the underlying assumption for matrix factorization-based recommendation systems. Third, we present highly efficient and scalable algorithms which take advantage of parallelism, suited for recent large scale datasets. Lastly, we provide an open source software implementing the local approaches in this thesis as well as many other recent recommendation algorithms, which can be used both in research and production.

Research Questions: How can firms implement the phenomena of collaborative consumption in their value chain and promote sustainability as a core value to gain international competitive advantage? Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to identify how a firm can successfully implement the concept of collaborative consumption into their value chain and how to promote sustainability to gain international competitive advantage. To gain deeper understanding of collaborative consumption, sustainability branding, value chain and international competitive advantage, the different terms will be examined. Method: This thesis uses a qualitative method with a deductive approach. In order to gather empirical data, semi structured interviews has been conducted. Conclusions: By implementing collaborative consumption as a value adding service or in cooperation with other companies, firms can promote sustainability as core value and gain international competitive advantage. Thus, by implementing collaborative consumption and promote sustainability firms will be cool in the big pool.

The purpose of the study was to examine elements which affected students' team trust building in an online collaborative learning team and relationships among these elements. The setting of this study was a graduate-level online course on Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) in which all course activities were conducted collaboratively through online communications. Data were collected from multiple sources including interviews which were audio taped, transcripts of students' self-reflective journals, transcripts of messages on the asynchronous web conferencing system, transcripts of messages on the synchronous web conferencing system, and the researcher's reflective journals. Data were analyzed using the coding procedures for developing grounded theory proposed by Strauss and Corbin (1998). Results of the data analysis indicated the influences of CSCL course context including the collaborative nature of the course and the heterogeneity of teams on students' team trust building. Results also indicated the dynamics of team trust building. Four different components of team trust building, which were initial team trust, contributors, dimensions, and consequences of team trust, influenced one another. Students’ initial team trust influenced the contributors to team trust which were students' competence, reliability, online communication, and caring. In addition, these contributors influenced the dimensions of team trust such as task performance trust and interpersonal trust. Once students built trust in their teams, they could develop collaborative knowledge building and a sense of community which were the consequences of team trust. The consequences of students’ team trust, in turn, influenced the contributors to team trust. Understanding the construct of team trust may help not only instructors in their design and guidance of successful online collaborative learning teams, but also students in various online collaborative learning teams. In addition, the results of this study may help instructors and researchers to consider carefully the issues in relation to online team trust building. / text

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Les sciences humaines et le progrès social ne peuvent pas se poursuivre sans collaboration. Avec le développement rapide des technologies de l'information et la popularité des appareils intelligents, le travail collaboratif est beaucoup plus simple et plus fréquents que jamais. Les gens peuvent travailler ensemble sans tenir compte de leur emplacement/ location géographique ou de la limitation de temps. Les environnements de travail de collaboration basés sur le Web sont conçus et consacrés à supporter/soutenir le travail individuel et le travail en groupe dans divers domaines: la recherche, les affaires, l'éducation, etc. N'importe quelle activité dans un système d'information produit un ensemble de traces. Dans un contexte de travail collaboratif, de telles traces peuvent être très volumineuses et hétérogènes. Pour un Environnement de Travail Collaboratif (ETC) typique Basé sur le Web, les traces sont principalement produites par des activités collaboratives ou des interactions collaboratives et peuvent être enregistrées. Les traces modélisées ne représentent pas seulement la connaissance, mais aussi l'expérience acquise par les acteurs via leurs interactions mutuelles ou les interactions qu'ils ont avec le système. Avec la complexité croissante de la structure de groupe et les besoins fréquents de collaboration, les interactions existantes deviennent de plus en plus difficiles à saisir et à analyser. Or, pour leurs travaux futurs, les gens ont souvent besoin de récupérer des informations issues de leurs activités de collaboration précédentes. Cette thèse se concentre sur la définition, la modélisation et l'exploitation des différentes traces dans le contexte d'Environnement de Travail Collaboratif et en particulier aux Traces Collaboratives dans l'espace de travail partagé de groupe (ou l'espace de travail collaboratif). Un modèle de traces de collaboration qui peuvent efficacement enrichir l'expérience du groupe et aider à la collaboration de groupe est proposé et détaillé. Nous présentons ensuite et définissons un type de filtre complexe comme un moyen possible d'exploiter ces traces. Plusieurs scénarios de base d'exploitation des traces collaboratives sont présentés. Pour chacun d'entre eux, nous présentons leurs effets et les avantages procurés par ces effets dans l'environnement de travail collaboratif. En effet, un cadre de l'exploitation des traces général est introduit et nous expliquons mis en œuvre dans un ETC. Trois approches collaboratives générant des traces sont discutées à l'aide d'exemples: l'Analyse SWOT, l'intégration de modèle de maturité de la capacité (CMMI) et le Système de Recommandation de Groupe. Une expérimentation de ce modèle a été réalisée dans le cadre de la plate-forme collaborative E-MEMORAe2.0. Cette expérience montre que notre modèle de trace collaborative et le cadre d'exploitation proposé pour l'environnement de travail collaboratif peuvent faciliter à la fois le travail personnel et de groupe. Notre approche peut être appliquée comme un moyen générique pour traiter différents sujets et problèmes, qu'il s'agisse de collaboration ou de l'exploitation des traces laissées dans un ECT.

Notre travail concerne la créativité en groupe 'group creativity' dans la conception d'un jeu musical. Notre but est d'identifier et de caractériser les processus collaboratifs et de conception, et plus précisément ceux impliqués dans la génération de solutions créatives. A un deuxième degré, notre objectif est de caractériser les solutions créatives. Durant une étude ethnographique dans un studio de conception de jeu vidéo, d'une part, les réunions collaboratives ont été enregistrées et d'autre part, un entretien combiné à un questionnaire ont été réalisé avec des concepteurs. Avec ces données, nous avons adopté une approche originale qui croise différents 'focus' de la créativité ; le 'focus' processus avec une perspective troisième personne, i.e. notre analyse en tant que chercheur-observateur, le 'focus' produits avec une perspective première personne, i.e. la perspective des concepteurs eux-mêmes et à un moindre degré, le 'focus' place en tant qu'environnement sociotechnique. Pour analyser les processus, nous avons combiné trois analyses appliquées à nos corpora d'enregistrement vidéo. Premièrement, une analyse de contenu a pour but de souligner les activités de conception, et les problèmes et solutions. Deuxièmement, une analyse interactionnelle a pour objectif de mettre en exergue les formes de collaboration, i.e. des paires adjacentes récurrentes d'activités de conception collaboratives autour de la génération de solutions, donc avant pendant et après la génération de solution. Troisièmement, une analyse longitudinale a été conduite pour mettre en lumière la temporalité de la résolution de problème collaborative dans les réunions, plus précisément les processus sociocognitifs de conception, i.e. les processus cognitifs de conception distribués parmi les concepteurs/participants, et les formes de collaboration. Pour analyser les produits, les solutions générées dans nos enregistrements vidéo ont été évaluées par les concepteurs eux-mêmes sur la base de deux dimensions de la créativité, i.e. nouveauté et faisabilité. Ainsi, les solutions les plus créatives ont pu être distinguées des moins créatives par une analyse quantitative. En complément, les justifications utilisées par les concepteurs pour expliquer leurs évaluations ont été investies pour caractériser les solutions créatives par une analyse thématique. Finalement, notre objectif principal a été atteint par le croisement des 'focus' processus et produits. Ce croisement a pour but de mettre en exergue et caractériser les formats de collaboration et processus sociocognitifs de conception spécifiques à la génération de solutions créatives grâce à une analyse quantitative utilisant les taux de liaison. Au regard des processus, notre approche originale a souligné le concept de formats de collaboration comme différentes structures formées de paires adjacentes récurrentes autour de génération de solution et/ou problème. Trois formats de collaboration ont été identifié : (1) formats directifs, i.e. formes spécifiques d'activité de conception collaborative servant à déclencher l'évolution et la définition des espaces de solution c'est-à-dire problème et solution ; (2) formats relationnels, i.e. construction de relations entre une idée de conception en discussion et d'autres idées -réifiées ou non- à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur des limites du projet de conception ; (3) formats représentationnels, i.e. co-construction de représentations d'une idée de conception en discussion dans le but de la développer au travers de multiple points de vue. Au regard des produits, nous avons mis l'accent sur plusieurs caractéristiques des produits créatifs confortant la littérature (nouveauté, approprié, surprise) dont une, 'ownership', est original. Finalement, le croisement des 'focus' processus et produits a mis en exergue que les formats de collaboration relationnels sont fortement associés à la génération de solutions créatives.