La conception d’un système mécatronique est un problème d’optimisation multidisciplinaire et multi-objectif. Les approches d’optimisation actuellement utilisées, pour l’optimisation des systèmes multidisciplinaires, sont coûteuses en temps de calcul, difficiles à mettre en œuvre et non flexibles avec la phase de conception préliminaire, où les objectifs et les contraintes de conception changent fréquemment. D’où la nécessité de chercher une nouvelle technique plus simples à mettre en œuvre, moins coûteuse et qui permet d’adapter dynamiquement une solution suite à un changement des spécifications. C’est dans ce contexte que cette thèse se focalise sur le développement d’une approche multi-agents de conception qui, se basant sur les connaissances disciplinaires et par un comportement coopératif, permet de trouver collectivement une solution optimale qui satisfait les contraintes et les performances demandées.L'approche proposée est basée sur un processus de conception pour faciliter la conception collaborative distribué des systèmes mécatroniques. Cette approche est appliquée à la conception préliminaire d'un véhicule électrique pour illustrer comment l'utilisation du paradigme multi-agent aide les concepteurs à prendre des décisions efficaces et de parvenir à une décision optimale de l'ensemble du problème. Une étude comparative avec les méthodes classiques d'optimisation est faite afin de démontrer la validité et l'efficacité de l’approche proposée. / The design of a mechatronic system is a multidisciplinary and multi-objective optimization problem. Optimization approaches currently used for the optimization of multidisciplinary systems are expensive in computation time, difficult to implement, and inflexible with the preliminary design phase, in which the objectives and design constraints change frequently. It is therefore necessary to look for new techniques easier to implement and less expensive, that enable to adapt dynamically a solution due to a change in specifications. In this context that this thesis focuses on the development of a multi-agent design approach, based on disciplinary knowledge and cooperative behavior; make possible to collectively find an optimal solution that satisfies the required constraints and performance.The proposed approach is based on a design process to facilitate collaborative distributed design of mechatronic systems. This approach is applied to the preliminary design of an electric vehicle to illustrate how the use of the multi-agent paradigm helps designers in making effective decisions and to achieve an optimal decision of the overall problem. A comparative study with traditional optimization methods is made to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Que ce soit dans ses objectifs, son organisation, ses outils ou ses techniques, le projet en architecture subit des transformations profondes. Certaines découlent des politiques publiques, liées notamment à l’environnement, d’autres d’une maîtrise croissante du rapport qualité-coût, d’autres encore des innovations constructives et de l’essor du numérique, d’autres enfin de l’évolution du cadre des marchés publics, à l’exemple de la conception-réalisation. Dans ce contexte, on observe des pratiques de pilotage et de gestion des projets plus complexes dans lesquelles l’architecte n’est plus le seul à détenir la compétence de synthèse. Cette dernière, au contraire, prend des formes plus partagées dans lesquelles l’ingénieur occupe une place croissante. Pourtant, celle-ci reste peu décrite et mal connue, ou limitée dans sa définition à la synthèse d’exécution définie par la loi n° 85-704 du 12 juillet 1985, dite loi MOP (maîtrise d'ouvrage publique). Caractériser les conditions d’exercice de la synthèse et ses impacts sur les processus de projet est l’enjeu de cette thèse. Nous nous intéressons ici à un aspect, certes circonscrit, mais décisif pour la réussite du projet, à savoir les modalités de collaboration entre ingénieurs et architectes : formes de pensées et d’organisation, outils de représentation, divergences et convergences de leurs actions. L’analyse porte sur le partage de la dimension architecturale et constructive dans huit situations de synthèse issues de trois cas d'étude : la Maison Hermès à Tokyo, la station d'assainissement Seine-Aval à Achères, la Fondation Louis Vuitton à Paris.Par une observation sur le terrain et par des entretiens menés auprès d'ingénieurs et d'architectes, ce travail met en avant deux types de résultats : 1) une caractérisation des situations de synthèse qui précise le rôle des représentations, dont trois types sont identifiés : les représentations spécifiques, les représentations échangées et les représentations partagées ; 2) une évaluation des incidences de la synthèse sur le pilotage et le management des projets. Ces résultats mettent en lumière de nouvelles modalités de collaboration entre ingénieurs et architectes et de gestion de projet qui, sans être totalement représentatifs des projets menés en loi MOP, sont susceptibles de les rendre plus efficients. / Whether in its objectives, its organisation, its tools, or its techniques, the architectural project is undergoing profound transformations. Some arise from public policies, notably relating to the environment, others from increasing control over project cost management, yet others from innovations in construction and developments in digital technology, and others, finally, from changes in the framework of public contracts, such as design-build. As a result of these factors, more complex project management practices are emerging, in which the coordinating role is no longer confined to architects alone. Instead, it now takes more collaborative forms, with engineers playing an increasingly more important role. Nonetheless, there has been little description of this synthesising activity and it is poorly understood, or limited in its definition to the execution summary defined by act No. 85-704 of 12 July 1985, the so-called public project ownership (MOP) act. The aim of this thesis is to explain what is meant by project synthesis. We are interested here in a circumscribed aspect of the architectural and construction project – but one decisive to its success – which is the forms of collaboration between engineers and architects: modalities of thinking and organising, representational tools, differences and similarities in their activities. The theoretical and practical implications of this hypothesis will be explored through an analysis of the sharing of the architectural and constructional dimensions of eight examples of synthesis, drawn from three case studies: Maison Hermès in Tokyo, the Seine-Aval sewage plant in Achères, the Louis Vuitton Foundation in Paris. Through observation on the ground and interviews with engineers and architects, this analysis highlights two kinds of result: 1) a description of situations of synthesis, which details the role of representations, identifying three types: specific representations, exchanged representations, and shared representations; 2) assessment of the impacts of synthesis on the conduct and management of projects. These results demonstrate new forms of collaboration between engineers and architects and of project management which, though not entirely representative of projects conducted under the MOP act, offer methodological contributions that could help make them more effective.

This study was conducted to investigate how well deep learning can be applied to the field of tag recommender systems. In the context of an image item, tag recommendations can be given based on tags already existing on the item, or on item content information. In the current literature, there are no works which jointly models the tags and the item content information using deep learning. Two tag recommender systems were developed. The first one was a highly optimized hybrid baseline model based on matrix factorization and Bayesian classification. The second one was based on deep learning. The two models were trained and evaluated on a dataset of user-tagged images and videos from Flickr. A percentage of the tags were withheld, and the evaluation consisted of predicting them. The deep learning model attained the same prediction recall as the baseline model in the main evaluation scenario, when half of the tags were withheld. However, the baseline model generalized better to the sparser scenarios, when a larger number of tags were withheld. Furthermore, the computations of the deep learning model were much more time-consuming than the computations of the baseline model. These results led to the conclusion that the baseline model was more practical, but that there is much potential in using deep learning for the purpose of tag recommendation. / Den här studien genomfördes i syfte att undersöka hur effektivt djupinlärning kan användas för att konstruera rekommendationssystem för taggar. När det gäller bildobjekt så kan taggar rekommenderas baserat på taggar som redan förekommer på objektet, samt på information om objektet. I dagens forskning finns det inte några publikationer som presenterar ett rekommendationssystem baserat på djupinlärning som bygger på att gemensamt använda taggarna och objektsinformationen. I studien har två rekommendationssystem utvecklats. Det första var en referensmodell, ett väloptimerat hybridsystem baserat på matrisfaktorisering och bayesiansk klassificering. Det andra systemet baserades på djupinlärning. De två modellerna tränades och utvärderades på en datamängd med bilder och videor taggade av användare från Flickr. En procentandel av taggarna var undanhållna, och utvärderingen gick ut på att förutsäga dem. Djupinlärningsmodellen gav förutsägelser av samma kvalitet som referensmodellen i det primära utvärderingsscenariot, där hälften av taggarna var undanhållna. Referensmodellen gav dock bättre resultat i de scenarion där alla eller nästan alla taggar var undanhållna. Dessutom så var beräkningarna mycket mer tidskrävande för djupinlärningsmodellen jämfört med referensmodellen. Dessa resultat ledde till slutsatsen att referensmodellen var mer praktisk, men att det finns mycket potential i att använda djupinlärningssystem för att rekommendera taggar.

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Detta dokument presenterar implementeringen av ett rekommendationssystem för tjänstebokningssidan Boka.se. Rekommendationssystem omfattar mjukvaruverktyg och teknik för att generera förslag till en användare enligt deras preferenser och förekommer ofta på e-handelssidor. Baserat på användarens feedback kan det föreslagna rekommendationssystemet generera förslag för tjänster som passar dem. Det här dokumentet ger en översikt över rekommendationssystem och visar implementeringen av ett user-based collaborative filtering system, baserat på en data som tillhandahålls av tjänstbokningssidan Boka.se. Den beskriver också olika fallgropar och begränsningar för att skapa ett rekommendationssystem baserat på data som inte har några identifierande attribut för varken användare eller objekt.

Collaborative conservation partnership frequency is increasing in natural resources management; however, few successful examples exist in the United States. These groups seek to address land stewardship through cooperative, communicative, bottom-up approaches that engage local stakeholders. A better understanding of member characteristics and successful group characteristics may enhance collaborative conservation partnership outcomes. A survey was conducted to quantify partnership member characteristics and advertising mediums. Results were compared with the National Woodland Owner Survey. Collaborative conservation partnership members tend to be well-educated, middle-aged, upper-middle class individuals with large landholdings. They span previously identified family forest owner clusters but may be classified as earlier adopters by Diffusion of Innovations theory. Word-of-mouth is the most common way members learn about partnership opportunities. Qualitative data was analyzed to identify key features related to the ability to achieve group goals. Multi-disciplinary literature review points to the likely influences of leadership, task type, social capital, resource inputs, processes, and temporal change attributes on collaborative conservation partnership goal achievement. Key informant interviews demonstrate that resource and social capital inputs derive disproportionately from particular actors, partnerships need flexibility to adapt to changes in available resources, leaders establish partnership activity levels, social capital is the foundation of resource access, and groups are diverse in the ways they deal with context-specific tasks, resources, and processes. Overall, collaborative conservation partnerships demonstrate potential to positively influence land stewardship and technology transfer. Growth requires expanding membership, establishing partnerships as a legitimate conservation medium, and maintaining diverse groups tailored to local contexts. / Master of Science

In a small, mixed method study, fifteen second grade students in one classroom in a low socioeconomic school were recruited to study their motivation in reading and writing and to see if their motivation improved with a collaborative reading-writing project. These fifteen children were given a pre-survey on their motivation to read and write to determine how they felt before the collaborative reading-writing project was started. As students completed their portion of the project, they were given the same survey questions as a post-evaluative tool. The researcher also interviewed students to get a more in-depth understanding on their feelings about reading and writing as well as their feelings about the collaborative project. Analysis of observations, pre- and post-surveys and interviews showed that the biggest motivation was the social interaction among students. The researcher hopes that through this analysis administrators can make positive changes in our schools and language arts curriculums.

Turn-taking is a fundamental process that governs social interaction. When humans interact, they naturally take initiative and relinquish control to each other using verbal and nonverbal behavior in a coordinated manner. In contrast, existing approaches for controlling a robot's social behavior do not explicitly model turn-taking, resulting in interaction breakdowns that confuse or frustrate the human and detract from the dyad's cooperative goals. They also lack generality, relying on scripted behavior control that must be designed for each new domain. This thesis seeks to enable robots to cooperate fluently with humans by automatically controlling the timing of multimodal turn-taking. Based on our empirical studies of interaction phenomena, we develop a computational turn-taking model that accounts for multimodal information flow and resource usage in interaction. This model is implemented within a novel behavior generation architecture called CADENCE, the Control Architecture for the Dynamics of Embodied Natural Coordination and Engagement, that controls a robot's speech, gesture, gaze, and manipulation. CADENCE controls turn-taking using a timed Petri net (TPN) representation that integrates resource exchange, interruptible modality execution, and modeling of the human user. We demonstrate progressive developments of CADENCE through multiple domains of autonomous interaction encompassing situated dialogue and collaborative manipulation. We also iteratively evaluate improvements in the system using quantitative metrics of task success, fluency, and balance of control.

Kollaboratives Schreiben (KS) bezeichnet das gemeinsame Erstellen eines Textdokuments in einer Gruppe, deren Mitglieder zur gleichen Zeit oder an unterschiedlichen Zeiten, am gleichen oder an unterschiedlichen Orten arbeiten können. Ausgehend von einer detaillierten KS-Analyse und den daraus resultierenden Anforderungen an softwaregestützte KS-Systeme, werden zunächst typischen Entwurfsmuster für die Implementation derartiger Systeme herausgearbeitet. Im Anschluss daran werden zwei unterschiedliche Software-Architekturen entwickelt und diskutiert. Zum einen ist dies eine Erweiterung des etablierten Protokollstandards WebDAV um eine auf Textabschnitten basierende Synchronisation, zum anderen eine idealtypische Architektur für ein neu zu entwickelndes KS-System, welche im Gegensatz zu herkömmlichen Textverarbeitungssystem nicht nur den Text sondern ein Projekt, bestehend aus Text und dessen verknüpften bzw. begleitenden Ressourcen, in den Mittelpunkt der Kollaboration stellt. / Collaborative writing (CW) is a joint work to create a text document in a group whose members are working at different times and at different locations. Firstly, based on a detailed analysis of CW and the resulting demands on software-based CW systems, typical patterns for the implementation of such systems are identified. Subsequently, two different software architectures are developed and discussed. While the first is an extension of the established protocol standard WebDAV to include a section based text synchronization. The second is an ideal type architecture for a newly developed CW system, which in contrast to a conventional word processing system takes not only the text at the center of collaboration but a complete project consisting of text and its linked or associated resources.