The utilization of total quality management (TQM) is advocated by some experts, as a partial remedy to the ills of the healthcare industry. However, some healthcare administrators are not yet sold on TQM. Some healthcare administrators still question the impact of TQM on the operational, financial and strategic health of their institutions. They consider the investment in TQM as unjustifiable because the return on such investment in their mind is questionable. This study illustrates how the constant market share model can be utilized to show the competitive benefits of TQM. Based on the results of this study, it is concluded that the fears of some healthcare administrators are unfounded. Not only that TQM does not compromise organizational effectiveness, but it actually improves it, as it contributes to increasing market share.

Some corporate leaders lack knowledge of CSR strategies to improve corporate financial performance. Businesses increase their profit margins when the business leaders integrate social and environmental management into core business processes. Grounded in stakeholder theory, this multicase study involved an exploration of corporate social responsibility factors that contributory to improving market share and financial performance. One-on-one interviews took place, and corporate leaders of 3 Native American owned companies that have implemented successful CSR strategies to improve market share and financial performance within the Midwestern area of the United States, including Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma. Data triangulation involved the use of field observations, organizational background information, and review of archival records. Modified van Kaam method was instrumental to identifying the variation of potential structural meanings embedded within textural implications as well as to expose core themes and contexts that contribute to the apparent presence of the phenomenon. Some themes that emerged from this study included corporate social responsibility strategies, core value and views, and indications. These themes developed through efforts to identify the CSR strategies and outcomes of Native-owned gaming operations. Identifying successful CSR strategies encourages more companies to participate in socially responsible initiatives. Illustrating successful CSR efforts within Native gaming operations can transform business practices, enhance social performance, and generate positive social change in communities through transforming local Native American communities into vibrant cohesive societies for families to thrive in.

This dissertation looks at the relationship between airport size (e.g. small, medium, large) and air service continuity and operational performance. It consists of three studies, each written in journal format. The first study analyzes the markets served pre- and post-recession while focusing on the operational strategies adopted by the top Major Carriers and Low-Cost Carriers (LCCs) in the United States. Findings show that LCCs have outpaced major carriers in terms of expanding their network and the number of markets served. During the same time, major carriers have gained a greater flight share in the markets they already serve. Post-recession, LCCs have shown preference to competing with major carriers over other LCCs. The second study investigates the declining service levels at small airports compared to large-hub airports, which continue to benefit from higher levels of service and increased airline presence. Using a fixed-effects conditional logistic regression, this study looked at factors contributing to service loss in region-to-region markets serving small communities between 2007 and 2013. Results show that 1) markets affected by a merger are indeed at a higher risk of losing service; 2) markets that are operated by a fuel-intensive, small-aircraft fleet have a higher chance to be discontinued and 3) an increased number of competitors greatly reduces potential market service loss. The third and final study proposes a new methodology to calculate original delay and propagated delays using combined aviation operational datasets that provide detailed flight information and causal factors behind delays. In addition to calculating original and propagated delay for the month of July of 2018, this study differentiated between original delays that occur during the turnaround phase, taxiing phase and en-route and incorporates causal factor information to identify the true source behind propagated delay. Two fixed-effects linear regression models were introduced that predict Total Propagated Delay and the share of propagated delay given an airport's ability to absorb upstream delay during the turnaround phase. Results show that most delay propagation chains originate at large-hub airports and are mostly concentrated at airports within the same geographical area. However, delays originating at large-hub airports were found to be the quickest to recover (i.e. least number of downstream flight legs affected) and large-hub airports have a higher ability to absorb delay at the turnaround phase compared to smaller airports given the significantly higher schedule buffer time airlines plan at large-hub airports. / Doctor of Philosophy / The changing nature of the air service industry is dependent on several key factors, including but not limited to the major and low-cost airlines, the frequency of service at different sized-airports and the operational performance of the airports in the system. Each airport can be classified by size based on the annual number of enplanements. This dissertation looks at the relationship between airport size (e.g. small, medium, large), service continuity and operational performance. It consists of three studies, each written in journal format. Over the past two decades, the U.S. air transportation network witnessed several economic downturns forcing airlines to shift their operational strategies, cease service or merge with an airline counterpart. The first study analyzes routes served before and after the recession by exploring the presence of major and low-cost carriers in these markets to understand how several economic downturns have influenced the operating strategy of airlines in the US. While Low-cost carriers focused on expanding their network and offering service in an increased number of new routes, major carriers increased their presence in the markets in which they already serve. Furthermore, after the recession, low-cost carriers chose to increasingly compete with major carriers over their low-cost counterparts. The second study explored the factors that can potentially contribute to the loss of service in routes serving small communities. While airlines continue to compete on the most profitable routes, small airports recently suffered from reduced service levels and in some instance service discontinuity. Results show that 1) routes that were once served by two airlines that merged are at a higher risk of losing service; 2) routes that are operated by a fuel-intensive small aircraft fleet have a higher chance to be discontinued and 3) an increased presence of airlines competing in a route greatly reduces potential service loss. In addition to evaluating service continuity, the third and final study looks at flight delays across the US and dives into the effect of airport size on propagated delay. Delays on a flight can be caused by inefficiencies and capacity restrictions at airports and may also be the result of delay that happen earlier in the day and that propagates to multiple flights downstream that share the same resources. That is, a delay can affect multiple flights whenever these flights are all operated by the same aircraft equipment. Costing the air transportation network billions of dollars annually, the third study examines the original and propagated delays at US airports by collecting data from multiple sources to incorporate the original source and cause of delay. Results show that most delay originates at large-hub airports and are mostly concentrated at airports within the same geographical area. However, delays originating at large-hub airports were found to be the quickest to recover and large-hub airports have a higher ability to absorb delay at the turn compared to smaller airports as airlines allocate additional minutes of schedule padding at large-hub airports.

The objective of this study is to determine Virginia dairy producers’ competitiveness in an industry that is experiencing changing policy and marketing conditions. The competitiveness of Virginia dairy producers is examined in a National Dairy Model that compares both producers’ cost of production across market areas and spatial relationships among producers and consumers. The National Dairy Model (NDM) is a mathematical programming model that minimizes the total costs of producing milk and the assembly costs of shipping dairy products to the final consumer. A state's cost of production in the NDM is determined with a translog cost function. The cost functions are estimated with data collected in the 1989 and 1993 dairy versions of the Farm Costs and Returns Survey (FCRS). The supply and demand information in the NDM is annual data for 1994. Transportation costs are determined with current hauling rates and actual mileage between supply and demand points. Once the costs of production and spatial components of the NDM are formulated, the NDM is solved using the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS). The NDM is evaluated under the guidelines of several different scenarios. For example, some alternative marketing scenarios that provide important information about the future of the dairy industry are (1) simulations where the hauling rates are varied, (2) scenarios in which the U.S. becomes a major participant in the export market, and (3) situations where the marketing environment leads to increasing costs of production. Another alternative scenario involves only the spatial dimension of the NDM. Given the current marketing conditions in the dairy industry, the results of the NDM indicate that Virginia dairy producers are competitive in a marketing environment where the location of milk production is determined by a producer's costs of production and location advantages. Using Virginia's translog cost function, the cost per cwt. at the mean of the FCRS production data is $10.60. The cost estimate applies to Virginia's representative dairy farm where the average herd size is 91 cows and annual production per cow is 14,160 pounds. With these estimates and the fact that Virginia producers are near large population centers, the results of the NDM show that Virginia dairy farms are competitive in a deregulated market. / Ph. D.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-27T13:40:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 carolinamoraessarmentodeassis.pdf: 1036311 bytes, checksum: 483fffca9ef9bc9e0b5c555f68e7b621 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-09-27T15:15:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carolinamoraessarmentodeassis.pdf: 1036311 bytes, checksum: 483fffca9ef9bc9e0b5c555f68e7b621 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T15:15:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carolinamoraessarmentodeassis.pdf: 1036311 bytes, checksum: 483fffca9ef9bc9e0b5c555f68e7b621 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-30 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / Esta dissertação teve por objetivo investigar os efeitos da participação de mercado das firmas sobre os salários que pagam por ocupação, para os setores extrativista e de transformação da economia brasileira, no período de 2007 a 2013. A base de dados utilizada foi um painel de microdados conectáveis ocupação-firma, construída a partir de dados do Relatório Anual de Informações Sociais Identificada (RAIS) e da Pesquisa Industrial Anual (PIA-Empresa). O controle das heterogeneidades não-observadas da firma e dos choques ocupacionais foi realizado em duas etapas: a primeira etapa consistiu em eliminar os efeitos não observados das firmas; com as variáveis em diferença, a segunda etapa consistiu em estimar um modelo de efeitos-fixos, por meio do qual eliminou-se os choques ocupacionais. Os resultados apontam haver relação positiva e significativa entre a participação de mercado das firmas e os salários que pagam por ocupação. Os coeficientes encontrados, contudo, são inferiores àqueles reportados para os países desenvolvidos, indicando este fator como menos relevante para os diferenciais salariais no país. Ademais, o Lester range foi de 9% após o controle para os efeitos não observados, valor aquém daqueles reportados na literatura internacional. A agregação dos dados por ocupação-firma, considerando a maior desagregação disponível para a ocupação, bem como a especificação de um modelo de efeitos-fixos capaz de controlar dois tipos de heterogeneidade não observada, contribuiu para a literatura ao apresentar uma nova possibilidade de estimação dos modelos que tratam esse tema, posto que estimam um modelo sem incorrer em prejuízos amostrais. Ademais, a existência de uma escassa literatura acerca desse tema para o Brasil, como também para os países em desenvolvimento, reforça a relevância deste estudo. / This work aimed to investigate the effects of firm’s product market market-power on occupational wages on Brazilian manufacturing firms, between 2007 and 2013. This study used detailed occupation and firm-level matched data, based on our merging of two different data sets: the Annual Report of Social Information (RAIS) and the Annual Industrial Survey (PIA-Enterprise). The control of unobserved heterogeneity of the firms and the occupations was performed in two stages: the first stage eliminates unobserved effects of firms; with the variables in difference, in a second stage, one could estimate a model of fixed effects, by which the occupational shock is eliminated. The results shows a positive and significant relationship between the firm’s market-share and occupational wages. The coefficients found, however, are lower than those reported for developed countries. Moreover, after controlling for both fixed effects, Lester Range was 9%, value below those reported in the literature. The aggregation of data by cell of occupation-firm, considering the further breakdown available for occupation, as well as the specification of a fixed effects model able to control two types of unobserved heterogeneity, contributed to the literature by presenting a new possibility for the estimation of models that address this issue, since they estimate a model without incurring sample losses. Moreover, the existence of a limited literature on this subject for Brazil, and also for developing countries, reinforces the relevance of this study.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a competitividade das exportações brasileiras de manga e de uva no mercado internacional no período de 1989 a 2005. Para tanto, utilizou-se o modelo de Constant Market Share (CMS) e o modelo de Vantagem Comparativa Revelada (VCR) para evidenciar os principais fatores responsáveis pela rápida expansão das exportações nacionais para esses dois produtos, além de realizar uma análise comparativa entre as duas culturas selecionadas. O primeiro modelo busca analisar as causas de variação da quantidade (ou valor) exportada de um produto pelo país em questão em relação ao tempo, gerando três dimensões explicativas para a variação das exportações: o efeito dimensão, o efeito distribuição e o efeito competitividade. O efeito dimensão mostra como o crescimento das exportações mundiais afetou o crescimento das exportações do país analisado. O efeito distribuição refere-se às exportações para países de maior ou menor dinamismo. Por resíduo, descontando-se os demais efeitos temos o termo competitividade.Para a geração dos resultados foi necessária a sub-divisão do período de análise em três grupos trienais: 1989/1990/1991, 1994/1995/1996 e 2003/2004/2005.O modelo de Vantagem Comparativa Revelada parte do pressuposto de que o país em questão tende a se especializar nas exportações de produtos que ofereçam vantagens competitivas. Para tanto, o indicador deve apresentar um valor superior a 1 para os produtos competitivos, evidenciando que a participação do produto em questão na pauta do país analisado é superior à participação do país no mercado global geral. Diferentemente do CMS, os indicadores de Vantagem Comparativa Revelada (VCR) nas exportações de um produto podem ser calculados com freqüência anual. O resultado do modelo de Constant Market Share para manga, referente ao primeiro sub-período de análise, mostra que o significativo aumento das exportações brasileiras de manga foi fortemente influenciado pelo crescimento do mercado mundial, seguido pelo efeito competitividade e destino das exportações. Para o segundo subperíodo, o efeito de maior significância foi a competitividade, seguido pelo efeito crescimento do mercado mundial e destino das exportações. Para a uva, o resultado referente ao primeiro sub-período de análise mostra que o significativo aumento das exportações brasileiras dessa fruta foi fortemente influenciado pelo efeito destino das exportações, seguido pelo efeito competitividade e crescimento do mercado mundial. Para o segundo sub-período, os resultados apontam a competitividade como principal fator responsável pelo aumento das exportações brasileiras, seguido pelo efeito crescimento do mercado mundial. O efeito destino das exportações apresentou valor negativo. Para o caso da manga, foram observados altos valores para o indicador de Vantagem Comparativa Revelada, especialmente para o período após 1993. Diferentemente dos resultados apresentados para a manga, as exportações de uva revelam vantagem comparativa apenas no final do período analisado (depois de 2002). / This paper has the main purpose of analyzing competitiveness of Brazilian exports of mangoes and grapes in the international market between 1989 and 2005. Constant Market Share and Revealed Comparative Advantage were used to obtain the main factors that could explain the fast growth of Brazilian exports of the chosen fruits, doing a comparative analysis between these fruits. The first model tries to analyze the reasons of variation in the quantity (or value) of a product exported by the current country related to the time, generating three dimensions: the effect dimension, the effect distribution and the effect competitiveness. The effect dimension shows how the growth of the world exports affected the growth of the current country\'s exports. The effect distribution relates to exports to countries of bigger or smaller dynamism. As a result, discounting the other effects we have the term competitiveness. To generate the results it was necessary to have the sub-division of the analyzed period into three triennial groups: 1989/1990/1991, 1994/1995/1996 and 2003/2004/2005.The Revealed Comparative Advantage model considers that a country tends to specialize itself in exporting products that offer competitive advantages. Thus, the indicator must submit a value higher than 1 for competitive products, showing that the product participation in a country is superior to the country participation in the global market. Different from Constant Market Share (CMS), Revealed Comparative Advantage indicators of exports can be calculated with annual frequency. The Constant Market Share model result for mangoes, referring to the first sub-period analysis shows that the significant increase in Brazilian exports of mangoes was strongly influenced by the growth of the world market, followed by the competitiveness effect, and the destination of exports. For the second sub-period, the most significant effect was the competitiveness, followed by the growth of the world market and the destination of exports. Considering grapes, the result referring to the first sub-period analysis shows that the significant increase in Brazilian grapes exports was strongly influenced by the effect \"exports destination\", followed by the effect competitiveness and the world market\'s growth. For the second sub-period, the results indicate competitiveness as the main factor responsible for the increase of the Brazilian exports, followed by the growth of the world market. The effect \"exports destination\" showed a negative value. For the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) model, the mango case results showed a high revealed comparative advantage, especially after 1993. The grapes´ results show a comparative advantage only at the end of the period, when, from 2002 on there was a trend of grape consolidation as a competitive product in the international market, though on a distant level from mangoes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:44:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aiman I Mourad.pdf: 835035 bytes, checksum: 22b317316a9fe33feb87a64d3fb86e6a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Having a differentiated positioning is essential for a organization to survive in some highly competitive, and fast in terms of technology and globalized markets. The positioning is considered one of the key elements in modern marketing management, however, the term positioning has introduced some confusion between marketing and academic professionals. Using mind share and market share as measurable variables of brand positioning and competitive performance, respectively, this study sought to identify the main objective when the brand positioning can influence the competitive performance of an organization. To this end, a quantitative approach was used on a longitudinal desk research and applied to the Spearman correlation technique. It was not possible to identify if the brand positioning is determinant on competitive performance, however, it was concluded that this exerts a moderate influence on the organization's competitive performance, since the analyzed period showed a moderate positive correlation between the variables, indicating they moves in in the same direction and that the greater the growth of a variable, the larger the probability of occurring the same with each other, contributing to earlier studies. This study also corroborate the definition and distinction in relation to the concepts of brand positioning and competitive positioning, besides to proposing the use of identity as a leading element for the brand positioning strategy / Ter um posicionamento diferenciado é indispensável para a organização sobreviver em alguns mercados altamente competitivos, globalizados e velozes em termos tecnológicos. O posicionamento é considerado um dos elementos-chave na gestão de marketing moderna, porém, o termo posicionamento tem apresentado certa confusão entre profissionais de marketing e acadêmicos. Utilizando o mind share e o market share como variáveis mensuráveis do posicionamento de marca e do desempenho competitivo, respectivamente, o presente trabalho buscou como objetivo principal identificar quanto o posicionamento de marca pode influenciar no desempenho competitivo de uma organização. Para isso, foi utilizada uma abordagem quantitativa em uma desk research longitudinal e aplicou-se a técnica de correlação de Spearman. Não foi possível apontar se o posicionamento de marca é determinante do desempenho competitivo, contudo, concluiu-se que este exerce influência moderada no desempenho da organização, dado que o período analisado apresentou correlação positiva moderada entre as variáveis, indicando que estas movimentam-se na mesma direção e que quanto maior o crescimento de uma variável, maior a probabilidade de ocorrer o mesmo com a outra, contribuindo com estudos anteriores. Este estudo também corroborar na definição e distinção em relação aos conceitos de posicionamento de marca e posicionamento competitivo, além de propor a utilização da identidade como elemento direcionador para a estratégia de posicionamento de marca

Submitted by Maria Beatriz Vieira (mbeatriz.vieira@gmail.com) on 2017-04-20T16:05:40Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertacao_idimar_leoni.pdf: 641218 bytes, checksum: 4818db3c1e7883b6f212dcb23e444e9e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-04-24T12:29:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 dissertacao_idimar_leoni.pdf: 641218 bytes, checksum: 4818db3c1e7883b6f212dcb23e444e9e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-04-24T12:29:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 dissertacao_idimar_leoni.pdf: 641218 bytes, checksum: 4818db3c1e7883b6f212dcb23e444e9e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-24T12:30:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 dissertacao_idimar_leoni.pdf: 641218 bytes, checksum: 4818db3c1e7883b6f212dcb23e444e9e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-02 / Sem bolsa / O presente trabalho é o resultado da realidade dos fatos que aconteceram à cultura do algodoeiro no Estado do Mato Grosso. O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de apresentar a área cultivada com o algodoeiro nas safras de 2009/10 à 2014/15. Para o enriquecimento deste trabalho, foram avaliados o Market Share de cada empresa obtentora e comerciante de sementes de algodão e dentro de cada uma, suas cultivares, e aquelas cultivares que foram substituídas e, ou, derivadas através da introgressão ou mesmo outros métodos de transformação para OGM (s). Também foi necessário levantar a forma de cultivo para calcular a demanda de sementes. Paralelamente, através da Taxa de Utilização de Sementes foi estimado a quantidade de sementes salvas por diferença matemática. Para agilidade do levantamento e compilação dos dados, o Estado foi dividido em sete Regionais: 1 Centro (sediado em Campo Verde), 2 Centro Leste (sede em Primavera do Leste), 3 Centro Norte (região de Lucas do Rio Verde), 4 Norte (Sorriso), 5 Médio Norte (Campo Novo do Parecis), 6 Noroeste (Sapezal) e 7 Sul (Rondonópolis). A veracidade do estudo é fruto de um trabalho executado a cada safra em cada talhão para cada cultivar, espaçamento e época de semeadura onde se cultivou algodão no estado do Mato Grosso. Através dos dados apresentados nas tabelas e gráficos pode-se conferir a evolução da cultura do algodoeiro, bem como a entrada de novas cultivares de algodão, cultivares com tecnologia OGM e outras também às derivadas das cultivares convencionais. Com a entrada das cultivares de algodão OGM e nível de tecnologia mais afinado, cada produtor foi se adequando a um sistema de cultivo planejado e programado para as culturas subsequentes. O obtentor do setor privado dominou o mercado das cultivares de algodão nas últimas safras. Dois obtentores detém mais de 80% da fatia de mercado de sementes de algodão no estado de Mato Grosso. Há baixíssima relação entre o número de cultivares adotadas e número de cultivares lançadas, pelos agricultores. / The current abstract is the result of the reality of facts that happened to the cotton culture in the State of Mato Grosso. The abstract was written with the purpose to present the cotton culture area from the 2009/10 to 2014/15 harvest seasons. To better present this abstract, the Market Share of each major and retail cotton seed company was evaluated and inside each one of their cultivars, and those cultivars that were substituted and, or, derivated through introgression or even through other transformation methods to GMO (s). It was also necessary to know the planting method to calculate the demand of seeds, parallel to that, through the seed utilization rate, it was estimated the amount of seeds saved according to mathematic difference. To speed the collection and compilation of data, the State was divided in seven regions: 1 Center (based in Campo Verde), 2 Eastern Central (based in Primavera do Leste), 3 Northern Central (based in Lucas do Rio Verde), 4 North (Sorriso), 5 Mid-Northern (Campo Novo do Parecis), 6 Northwest (Sapezal) and 7 South (Rondonópolis). The veracity of this study is due to a work done on each harvest season, in every section for each cultivar, planting distance and time in which cotton was cultivated in the State of Mato Grosso. Through the presented data on the tables and graphics we can see the evolution of the cotton culture, as well as the new cotton cultivars, cultivars with the GMO technology and also the ones derivated from the conventional cultivars. Along with the release of the GMO cotton cultivars and a more refined level of technology, each farmer complied to a planned and programed planting system to the subsequent cultures. The breeders of the private sector dominated the cotton cultivars market share for the last harvest seasons. Two breeders have the right of more than 80% of the cotton seeds market share in the state of Mato Grosso. There is a very small relation between the number of chosen cultivars and the number of released cultivars by the farmers.

The topic of this diploma thesis is the analysis of activities of the Czech biggest automotive producer, Skoda Auto company, on the UK market. The thesis maps historical development of the Skoda Auto's activities in that country, goes into the company's chosen growth strategy and provides an analysis of weaknesses and suggestions for possible improvements, which could lead to strengthening of Skoda Auto's position on that market. The first chapter is dedicated to the presentation of Skoda Auto company, outlining the historical development of that car maker and describing of importance, which has that company and also the whole automotive industry for the Czech Republic. The chapter also analyses the sales situation on other markets and the company's global growth strategy. The second chapter focuses on the British market. At first it researches the economic background of the country and then the automotive market. Historical development, current situation and the competition of Skoda Auto are analysed afterwards. The third chapter analyses more deeply Skoda Auto's activities on the UK market. It deals with the historical development of the company's operation in that country, analyses in detail the current growth strategy, which is implemented from 2011 to 2015. The chapter analyses the four main pillars of the strategy, sales, marketing, dealer network and aftersales, and the fulfilment of the objectives, which were set for the previous year. After that it provides the proposals for the possible improvement and steps that the company could take to consolidate its position on that market.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Finance and Economics. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.