Purpose: This thesis explores the impact of organizational culture on information security culture in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria. It primarily examines the culture that can be improved within the SMEs to improve information security. Being a pioneer study for Nigeria, the study focuses more on identifying the existing organizational culture and information security culture subjected to three areas: knowledge, attitude, and behavior. Organizational culture continues to be an influencing factor in Information security. With SMEs just like other organizations continue to be affected by the negative consequences of cybersecurity attacks, this research aims to understand the role organizational culture plays in information security culture with a case study of small scale and medium businesses in Nigeria. Design: The research follows the implementation of two frameworks the OCAI and ISCF to diagnose the existing culture within SMEs in Nigeria and to also identify the existing security culture. The research answers the question of how organizational culture impacts security culture. The research method follows a qualitative approach with interviews conducted in three SMEs at their managerial level. Interview questions were designed based on the designed assessments of the OCAI framework and the ISCF. Ethical Considerations:: Interviews were conducted with consent and anonymity provided for participants. Also no details identifying a particular company was published. The interviews were analysed to come to a logical conclusion. Findings: Organization culture plays a role in strengthening the information security culture of an organization. The bulk of the direction of the organization rests upon the leadership and management. SMEs being smaller in size and close knitted need to pay attention to the unintended gap the dominate culture might be breeding information security and make an effort for change management. Originality: The study opens up a new body of knowledge within the Nigerian Cyber security body and amongst SMEs aiming to bring to light the impact of culture and how this can be leveraged to improve information security.

The purpose of this study was to examine in what way a strong employer branding of health promotion can have an effect on the ways individuals can experience isolation and stress. In this survey we have used the theories of health promotion, organizational culture, isolation and stress in an analysis of the possible situation caused by strong employer branding of health promotion. We have used these theories in analysis with the purpose to answer the following questions: How does a strong employer branding of health promotion influence those employees who, for some reasons, don’t take advantage of organizations’ health promotion programs and activities? Could those, who don’t take advantage of health activities, become isolated in a company? The method of research that was used in this study is a qualitative analysis; we used semi structured interviews and open e-mail correspondences. The material was collected from nine different organizations as the response from ten interviews. The result of the analysis show that is possible for an individual to experience isolation and stress as a result of an organization’s employer branding on health promotion. At the same time these individuals can experience that they are indirectly obligated to consider their everyday actions from the health promotion perspective, which we have assumed to be a result of the possible punishments and rewards from their leaders. The conclusion is consequently that a strong employer branding can affect an individual’s social situation within an organization, but it is problematic to see in which scale. The result has revealed that employer branding of health promotion is a possible cause for isolation and stress.

This study investigates the personal experience of newly appointed chief executives in transitioning into the CEO role. Adopting an exploratory qualitative design, data was obtained from two semi-structured interviews with 19 newly appointed chief executives, for a total of 38 interviews. The main contribution of this thesis to the extant literature is to show the ways in which CEOs go through an identity construction process when transitioning into the role, which is characterized in two ways. First, there exists a bi-directionality of influence between the personal identity of the CEO and the organizational identity. Second, this process comprises strong identity demands (lack of specificity of the role and weak situation) and identity tensions (personal identity intrusion and identity transparency) that dispose new CEOs towards an unbalance that promotes individuality. This disequilibrium might hinder the integration of new chief executives into the organization, since the data suggests that new CEOs are responsible for fostering their own integration by connecting aspects of their personal identity with the identity and culture of the organization. The thesis offers a theoretical model of the CEO identity construction process and concludes with a series of propositions that address the ramifications of these findings to our understanding of CEO succession.

Background- South Africa, the most southern country at the African continent as the name depicts, is a country where Apartheid has prevailed the historical and contemporary landscape of the nation.  The era of Apartheid, being a system of discrimination and segregation, produced racial imbalances within the South African society and polices of affirmative action was enforced as an attempt to redress the racial inequalities. Purpose- By studying a distinctive type of affirmative action in a historically ethnically distressed context (organizations in South Africa), the purpose of this thesis was to receive insight on what impact affirmative action has on employees’ attitudes towards equality. The purpose was divided into two research questions to get an understanding of the implications that shape employees’ attitudes. The first research area aimed to identify and investigate which key factors are influencing employees’ attitudes towards affirmative action. The second research area considered the underlying cause of affirmative action and thereby investigated what impact affirmative action has on individuals’ as well as groups’ attitudes towards equality. Method- In order to fulfill the purpose of this thesis we used a qualitative method approach.  The approach adopted for the qualitative study was a constructivist grounded theory approach and the research has been performed with both an inductive and a deductive approach. The empirical material has been gathered through in-depth semi-structured interviews with eight employees at four different multinational companies operating in South Africa, by informal interviews with individuals in South Africa and through parallel observations.  Results and Conclusion- We provide five key factors that influence employees’ attitudes towards affirmative action; organizational culture, top management support, incentive for teams versus individual performance, prior experience of diversity and cultural artifacts. Furthermore, we present a three-step model on how intergroup contact can impact employees’ attitudes towards equality. We found that increased exposure towards diversity, through group interactions, can decrease employees’ negative prejudices, evaluations of other groups and thus enable an understanding that can help create a more positive attitude towards equality. Practical Implications- The key influencing factors identified in this study will help increase the knowledge of how to manage affirmative action within organizations. The findings can help managers and business leaders dealing with the implementation and management of affirmative action, both for their own understanding as well as in terms of guiding their employees on their approach toward affirmative action programs.

Community colleges are challenged to find their next set of leaders who can respond to the diverse challenges of leading the institution. This study examined the impact of institutional and personal factors on faculty aspirations to leadership roles within the community college through the utilization of the Social Cognitive Career Theory framework. A case study research design utilizing mixed-methods investigated the perceived and preferred organizational culture(s) and the manner in which institutional and personal factors influence faculty aspirations to assume leadership roles at Southcentral Kentucky Community and Technical College. The findings of the research indicate that affecting change and being asked to lead are personal factors of influence that motivate faculty to aspire to formal leadership positions within the community college. On the other hand, the challenge of formal leadership roles, family and work-life balance might dissuade faculty aspirations of faculty to formal leadership roles. The study reveals that organizational culture was a positive factor of institutional influence. This study advances the field of educational leadership in that a number of personal and institutional factors influence the aspirations of faculty as they consider movement into formal leadership position within the community college. The findings identify the need for research across multiple institutions and the need to expand Social Cognitive Career Theory to include personal-cognitive barriers of race and gender.

Sponsring är ett utbyte och en marknadsföringsmetod som används av allt fler organisationer. Med syftet att påverka personalen i en organisation är sponsring en relativt oanvänd metod för marknadsföring. Trots detta så påverkar sponsring personalen oavsett organisationens målsättning med sponsring. Syftet med studien är att utvärdera om sponsring fungerar som ett verktyg för motivation i en specifik organisation, sedan utvärderas hur sponsring bidrar till motivation. För att besvara syftet genomfördes en kvantitativ studie i form av en enkätundersökning. Denna genomfördes hos vårt studieobjekt Länsförsäkringar i Gävleborg. Analysen av den insamlade datan har genomförts med stöd av den teoretiska referensramen. Resultatet av studien visar att sponsring kan användas till att motivera personalen på Länsförsäkringar. Dock så är organisationens nuvarande sponsring något som inte tydligt motiverar personalen. Länsförsäkringar vill med sin sponsring bidra till samhället och på så sätt skapa engagemang och stolthet bland personalen. Sponsring får personalen att känna stolthet men däremot inget tydligt engagemang. Länsförsäkringar är bra på att informera personalen om sponsring, däremot så är organisationen inte lika bra på att lyssna till personalens värderingar kring sponsring. Det bristande engagemanget skulle då kunna bero på att personalen inte får tycka till om organisationens sponsring. / Sponsorship is an exchange and a marketing method that is used by more and more organizations. With the aim to influence the staff of an organization is sponsoring a relatively unused method of marketing. Despite this, sponsorship affects the staff regardless of the organization's goal of sponsoring. The purpose of this study is to evaluate if sponsorship serves as a motivational tool in a specific organization, then evaluate how the sponsorship contributes to motivation. To answer the purpose we conducted a quantitative study in the form of a questionnaire. The questionnaire was done at our research object, Länsförsäkringar Gävleborg. The analysis of the collected data was carried out with the support of the theoretical framework. The results of the study show that sponsorship can be used to motivate staff at Länsförsäkringar. However, the organization's current sponsorship is not clearly motivating their staff. Länsförsäkringar wants with its sponsorship to contribute to society and thus create commitment and pride among the staff. Sponsorship get staff to feel proud but no clear commitment. Länsförsäkringar is good at informing staff about sponsorship, however, the organization is not as good at listening to staff's values regarding sponsorship. The lack of commitment could then be due to staff being unable to speak up on the organization's sponsorship.

<p>The purpose of this study is to investigate differences of how the Swedishemployees union “Unionen” communicates with its members, on one hand thosewho are members of local union clubs and on the other non-club members. Thenumber of non-club members has increased due to labour market changes implyingthat workplaces have been fragmented and hence affect the possibility to form localunion clubs.The questions posed in the study are: How does Unionen communicate with itsmembers? How does the communication differ between club members and non-clubmembers? What are the preferences of Unionen´s members as far as communicationwith the central organization? What kind of information do the members seek andhow do they find it? What values does Unionen represent? Are there differencesbetween the messages that Unionen is sends out and how members and non-clubmembers, respectively, perceive them?A case study method has been used applying both quantitative and qualitativeanalyses. Quantitative methods have been used in illustrating the number ofdiscussion subjects at Unionen´s website, the members needs for receivingcommunication and channel usage while qualitative methodologies have been usedin interviews with Unionen´s members, club chairmen and union representatives aswell as semiotic picture analyses and analyses based on methods of Uses andgratifications theory.One conclusion of the study is that two significant differences of communicationhave been found between members and non-club members. The club chairmen saythat they have less communication with non-club members and the non-clubmembers’ claim that Unionen´s messages are more biased. A second conclusion isthat there is a difference in the preferred choice of communication channels. Themembers suggest that e-mail, the member magazine and verbal communication workbest while “Unionen” put a lot of its faith in electronic channels, such as web-sites.A third conclusion is that members request more locally relevant information andthat they see the Unionen´s communication as too general, creating muchuncertainty of the objectives of “Unionen´s” communication</p>

Den här uppsatsen undersöker Landstinget i Värmlands personaltidning Intryck och dess betydelse för organisationskulturen. Huvudsyftet med studien är att titta närmare på hur de fem olika yrkesgrupperna läkare, sjuksköterskor, undersköterskor, sjukgymnaster och dietister framställs i tidningen. Uppsatsen tittar också på hur personal inom yrkesgrupperna själva anser att de representeras i tidningen, samt om tidningens syfte når fram till personalen.   Studien utgår från teorier om kommunikation, internkommunikation, organisationsteori och organisationskultur. Ett viktigt begrepp för uppsatsen är bland annat transmissionsmodellen som ger en grundläggande syn på hur kommunikation fungerar genom en personaltidning.        För att uppnå uppsatsens syfte har en fallstudie, genom två metoder, gjorts. Personaltidningen Intryck analyserades genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys där tre frågor ställdes till texterna: Hur framställs yrkesrollerna i tidningen?, Fokuserar texterna på team eller individer? och Är kommunikationen tillgänglig för alla? Frågorna syftade till att få svar på uppsatsens övergripande frågeställning angående hur yrkesrollerna framställs. Den andra metoden var en enkätundersökning som riktades till urvals-yrkesgrupperna läkare, sjuksköterska, undersköterska, sjukgymnast och dietist. Undersökningen gjordes på Centralsjukhuset i Karlstad och på de tre utvalda vårdcentralerna Västerstrands vårdcentral, Vårdcentralen Gripen och Kronoparkens vårdcentral. Samtliga vårdcentraler är belägna i Karlstads kommun. Enkätundersökningen syftade till att svara på två av uppsatsens frågeställningar: huruvida personaltidningen upplevs bidra till gemenskap inom organisationen samt vilket av personaltidningens syften som når fram till personalen.   Av den kvalitativa undersökningen av personaltidningen framkom vissa skillnader mellan hur de olika yrkesrollerna framställdes och då främst mellan läkare och sjuksköterskor. Slutsatsen blev att läkare framställs som "hjältefigurer", medan sjuksköterskorna förminskas och framställs som osäkra personer utan pondus. Svarsfrekvensen i enkätundersökningen visar att personalen anser att tidningen till viss del bidrar till Landstinget i Värmlands organisationskultur, samt att "Informera personalen om vad som händer på arbetsplatsen" är det syfte som i högst utsträckning når fram till den tillfrågade personalen. / This essay investigates the organizational staff magazine of county council in Värmland. The purpose of the essay is to investigate the culture in the organization and how the professional groups, doctors, nurses, assistant nurses, physiotherapist and dietitian, are being represented in the magazine. The essay also investigates if the professional groups find themselves represented in the magazine and if the professional groups understand the intention of the magazine.   Communication, internal communication, organizational theory and organizational culture are the theories of this essay. The model of transmission is one, among other, important tenets in the essay.   To secure the purpose of the essay the investigation was made by using content analysis and a survey. The content analysis gave the answers to three questions asked to the text. The questions were: ”How do the magazine represent the professional groups?”, ”Do the magazine focus on team or individuals?” and ”Do the readers understand the diction in the magazine?”. These three questions were used to answer the major purpose of the essay: ”How the professional groups, doctors, nurses, assistant nurses, physiotherapists and dietitians, are being represented in the magazine”. The survey was dispensed to the professional groups at Centralsjukhuset in Karlstad (the hospital in Karlstad) and to three care centres in Karlstad: Västerstrand care centre, Gripen care centre and Kronoparken care centre. The survey was made to answer two of the major questions of the essay: ”Does the magazine contribute to the organizational culture” and ”The magazine has several purposes – which one is the readers most aware of?”.   The result of the essay shows big differense between how the magazine represents the professional groups. The content analysis shows among other things that the doctors are represented as heroes and the nurses as a lower-ranking professional group. The result of the survey shows that the magazine is helping to build an organizational culture at the county council. ”To give the staff important information about the workplace” was the most frequent answer given to the question about the main purpose of the magazine.

An organization’s internal processes of identity management is argued to influence its communication, which in turn influence the perceived reputation of the organization. The aim of this study is to investigate how the organizational identity is reflected upon and perceived integrated in employees’ daily work. This is done through applying the internal factors of a theoretical model, comprising of identity, culture and image, at an empirical setting. Literature on organizational identity in relation to organizational culture and organizational image is reviewed followed by conducting 12 semi structured interviews with managers from the marketing and human resource departments at Arla Foods in Sweden. The findings suggest that although employees reflect on the identity, there is a gap between reflection and action, meaning that the identity is not necessarily integrated in practice in the daily work due to different understandings of the organizational culture. In relation to the model, it is suggested that culture may not be so clearly connected to identity, whereas image and identity are very closely related. Also, the context in which the employees conduct their work is shown through the empirical setting, to be important for how employees reflect upon the identity.

Problem: The great interest towards the company’s values has contributed to it becoming more common for individuals to seek out organizations that have a strong corporate culture. Where you work and whom you work for has thus become the dominant factors instead of what you are working with. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine how the corporate culture, the rational and emotional benefits are experienced by the employees of the company. The aim is also to examine whether the corporate culture can become a management control measure by good communication between employees within the organization. Methodology: The essay is based on a qualitative research method and empirical data were collected through interviews from the company MTR Stockholm. Theoretical Frame of reference, Edgar Schein, Three Levels of Culture, Seven dimensions. Results: The study has shown that there are different cultures within the company. But also that there is a strong corporate culture within the business, the respondents feel an affinity with working within the underground rather than working for the company MTR Stockholm.