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Thesis (D. Tech.(Human Resources Management)) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2014 / How to address the apparent failure of South African municipalities to deliver service that meets citizens’ expectations, poses a major challenge. The often violent protests that have resulted in deliberate destruction of private and public property, and sometimes fatalities, have been used by the public to demonstrate their dissatisfaction with the poor quality of service received from municipalities. With all these incidents, and no visible solutions yet in place, one can bluntly say that some South African municipalities have failed to deliver quality service to citizens, and they appear to be at a loss of how to change this state of affairs. This study proposes that the poor service delivery of municipalities in South Africa can be attributed to their human resource practices, which have been rendered ineffective by political interference. Borrowing from organisational justice theory, the researcher argues that political interference in human resource management (HRM) in municipalities in South Africa will lead to low employee perceptions of HRM fairness (or justness) (PHF) in the practices of municipalities, and this, in turn, will lead to low levels of employee organisational commitment (EOC) and employee motivation (MOT), conditions which are enough to make municipal employees develop negative or unacceptable employee citizenship behaviour (ECB), which may affect the quality of service delivery (QSD) that municipalities render to customers. This theory was tested using ten (10) emergent hypotheses. The theory was partially validated with empirical data collected from nine municipalities in the Free State province. Key findings of the study point to political interference in the HRM practices of municipalities, employees’ perception of HRM practices of municipalities as largely unfair, and service delivery that does not meet citizens’ expectations. These and other findings are presented and fully discussed in this research report. The report also provides recommendations for practice and further research.

Notre société accorde au travail une importance considérable, il constitue le socle de l'identité, promesse d'accomplissement et de réalisation de soi. Pourtant aujourd'hui, les cadres sont fatigués d'en faire toujours plus et d'aller au-delà de leurs limites. L'évolution de nos organisations a instauré des nouveaux modes d'organisation du travail tels que le management par objectifs, la gestion prévisionnelle des emplois et des compétences, des politiques d'individualisation, une évaluation continue des personnes et des process. Les exigences du travail que sont la quantité et la complexité du travail, le pression temporelle, liées à une injustice organisationnelle et un soutien au travail défaillants vont générer une réduction des ressources psychiques et physiques menant à l'épuisement émotionnel, voire à l'effondrement. Partant de ce constat, les résultats mis en évidence dans cette étude permettent d'insister sur un ensemble de déterminants de la santé et sur les influences imbriquées de ces facteurs. Les différents facteurs qui induisent les problèmes de santé au travail et sur lesquels il faudra agir concernent la charge de travail, l'organisation du travail et les pressions liées au temps, à la multiplicité des tâches et, en particulier, le manque de soutien et de feed-back positifs. Il est important aussi d'insister sur la place de la satisfaction des besoins. Chaque besoin fondamental doit pouvoir être satisfait sous peine de déséquilibre de la personne et d'atteinte à sa vitalité et à son existence. Une atteint à un niveau supra-ordonné (estime, reconnaissance,...) dans les contextes organisationnels néolibéraux déséquilibre fondamentalement la personne qui vit par et pour son organisation. Nous avons montré également l'importance de développer une justice organisationnelle forte notamment en termes des procédures et d'informations. / Our society provides great importance to the job, it is the foundation of identity, the promise of fulfillment and self-realization. However, today, business executive are tired to do more and more and go beyond their limits. The evolution of our organizations has introduced new forms of work organization such as management by objectives, management of jobs and skills, individual careers, based on assessment of people and processes. Work requirements such as the amount and complexity of work, time pressure, related to organizational injustice and lack of social support will generate a reduction in mental and physical resources leading to emotional exhaustion, or even collapse. From this basis, the results demonstrated in this study allow to insist on a set of health problems at work and on which we have to act, concern : workload, work organization and time pressures, multiple tasks and, in particular, the lack of support and of positive feedback. It is also important to emphasize the place of the satisfaction of needs. each basic need must be satistied under penalty of unbalanced person and affect its vitality and its existence. Infringement of a supra-ordered (esteem, recognition,...) in neoliberal organizational contexts imbalances fundementally the person who lives by and for the organization. We have also demonstrated the importance of developping a strong organizational justice particularly in terms of procedures and information.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:34:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Soares Januario.pdf: 2425247 bytes, checksum: 0dbe9636c7507acbb023436a4286ac0e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / There are indications that social resources of the working environment, including organizational justice, could affect ties with the work, and have shocked the levels of well-being of workers. In addition, evidence suggests that certain psychological characteristics of workers would vary positively or negatively influence the magnitude of the resources on the links with work and on well-being. Based on this evidence this study aimed to analyze the influence of organizational justice (distributive, procedures and interactional) and psychological capital on engagement at work and subjective well-being (emotional balance and life satisfaction). From the main goal, four hypotheses have been proposed: perception of organizational justice increases engagement at work (H1) and subjective well-being (H2); psychological capital was moderator of the relationship between organizational justice and subjective well-being (H3) and the relationship between organizational justice and engagement (H4), and that high levels of psychological capital would strengthen relations. The design was a cross-sectional quantitative, descriptive and non-probability sampling. From a sample of 293 workers with an average age of 38.3 (SD = 10.7) years, of which slightly more than half were women (56.3pc), coming from all regions of Brazil, predominantly in the Southeast (65.2pc) was measured with valid and accurate scales, through an online questionnaire, the organizational justice levels, psychological capital, engagement at work and subjective well-being. Two sets of multiple linear regression analysis to test the hypotheses were performed. In the first set of analyzes, the results of standard multiple linear regressions indicated that organizational justice influenced the levels of engagement at work and subjective well-being, and, in relation to engagement and emotional balance, only the interactional dimension of justice was significant predictor while distributive justice was the only significant predictor of life satisfaction. In the second set of analyzes, the hierarchical multiple linear regressions for each dimension of organizational justice, along with psychological capital and interaction term upon engagement at work and subjective well-being, they indicated that psychological capital moderated the relations of procedural justice and interactional justice on engagement at work. It was concluded from the results that the perception of being adequately remunerated for their efforts at work, participate in decisions that affect the work and be treated with respect and sincerity can influence the levels of pride and inspiration at work, engagement features, and may increase the subjective well-being levels, contributing to the prevailing experience of positive affect and positive satisfaction ratings with life. Moreover, although it is not possible to say that workers with higher levels of belief in their ability to perform their tasks and with good prospects for the future, can do without fair environments to engage in work, the results showed that these workers can suffer less influence of interactional and procedural justice to establish that bond with their work, demonstrating that these personal characteristics would act as shock absorbers given the lack of environmental resources. / Há indicativos de que recursos sociais do ambiente de trabalho, entre eles justiça organizacional, poderiam influenciar vínculos com o trabalho, além de impactarem os níveis de bem-estar dos trabalhadores. Além disso, evidências apontam que certas características psicológicas dos trabalhadores fariam variar positiva ou negativamente a magnitude da influência dos recursos sobre os vínculos com o trabalho e sobre bem-estar. Com base nessas evidências esse estudo teve como objetivo principal analisar a influência de justiça organizacional (distributiva, procedimentos e interacional) e capital psicológico sobre engajamento no trabalho e bem-estar subjetivo (balanço emocional e satisfação com a vida). A partir do objetivo principal, foram propostas quatro hipóteses: percepção de justiça organizacional aumenta o engajamento no trabalho (H1) e bem-estar subjetivo (H2); capital psicológico seria moderador da relação entre justiça organizacional e bem-estar subjetivo (H3) e da relação entre justiça organizacional e engajamento (H4), sendo que, níveis altos de capital psicológico fortaleceriam as relações. O delineamento utilizado foi de natureza quantitativa transversal, descritiva e com amostragem não probabilística. A partir de uma amostra composta por 293 trabalhadores com média de idade de 38,3 (DP=10,7) anos, dos quais um pouco mais da metade era composta por mulheres (56,3pc), oriundos de todas as regiões do Brasil, com predomínio da região Sudeste (65,2pc), mediu-se com escalas válidas e precisas, por meio de um questionário online, os níveis de justiça organizacional, capital psicológico, engajamento no trabalho e bem-estar subjetivo. Foram realizados dois conjuntos de análises de regressão linear múltipla para teste das hipóteses. No primeiro conjunto de análises, os resultados das regressões lineares múltiplas padrão indicaram que justiça organizacional influenciou os níveis de engajamento no trabalho e bem-estar subjetivo, sendo que, em relação a engajamento e balanço emocional, apenas a dimensão interacional da justiça foi preditora significativa, enquanto justiça distributiva foi a única preditora significativa de satisfação com a vida. No segundo conjunto de análises, as regressões lineares múltiplas hierárquicas de cada dimensão de justiça organizacional, juntamente com capital psicológico e termo de interação sobre engajamento no trabalho e sobre bem-estar subjetivo, indicaram que capital psicológico moderou as relações entre justiça de procedimentos e justiça interacional com engajamento no trabalho. Concluiu-se a partir dos resultados que a percepção de ser remunerado adequadamente pelos esforços no trabalho, participar das decisões que afetam o trabalho e ser tratado com respeito e sinceridade pode influenciar os níveis de orgulho e inspiração no trabalho, características de engajamento, além de poder aumentar os níveis de bem-estar subjetivo, contribuindo para a vivência predominante de afetos positivos e de avaliações positivas da satisfação com a vida. Além disso, apesar de não ser possível afirmar que trabalhadores com maiores níveis de crenças em sua capacidade para executar suas tarefas e com perspectivas positivas em relação ao futuro, possam prescindir de ambientes justos para se engajarem no trabalho, os resultados demonstraram que esses trabalhadores podem sofrer menos influência de justiça de procedimentos e interacional para estabelecerem esse vínculo com seu trabalho, demonstrando que essas características pessoais funcionariam como amortecedores diante da falta de recursos do ambiente.

Le secteur du bâtiment est le premier consommateur d’énergie en France. L’émergence de bâtiments performants apporte une réponse incomplète à ce problème car les comportements des usagers doivent être considérés. Notre objectif est de circonscrire le rôle de facteurs psychosociaux et organisationnels sur l’investissement des salariés pour leur entreprise et pour l’environnement. Au travail, les comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle (CCO) sont adoptés volontairement et contribuent à l’efficacité de l’entreprise. En prolongement des travaux sur les CCO, les comportements pro-environnementaux (CPE) des salariés peuvent être considérés comme des CCO dirigés vers l’environnement (CCO-E). Pour examiner leurs déterminants, nous avons réalisé six études auprès de 889 étudiants et 592 salariés, travaillant dans un bâtiment classique ou exemplaire. Nous constatons que les salariés se sentant soutenus et traités équitablement seront plus enclins à réaliser des CPE et CCO-E, ce qui incite à renforcer la justice organisationnelle. Par ailleurs, les attitudes, valeurs et habitudes environnementales modèrent les effets du contexte organisationnel sur l’implication des salariés. En outre, la motivation environnementale au travail, lorsqu’elle est autodéterminée, a un effet positif sur les CPE et CCO-E. De même, les normes sociales influencent les comportements des salariés, d’autant plus quand les entreprises présentent une politique environnementale concrète mais non saturante. Enfin, les bâtiments performants offrant un contexte de travail confortable, encouragent la réalisation de CPE et CCO-E par les salariés. À partir de nos résultats, nous proposons des recommandations pour aider les professionnels du bâtiment et les organisations à mieux prendre en compte les occupants. / The building sector is the first energy consumer in France. The emergence of efficient buildings provides an incomplete response to this problem because users’ behaviors need be considered. Our aim is to define the role of psychosocial and organizational factors on employees’ investment for their company and for the environment. At work, organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) are voluntarily adopted and contribute to the efficiency of the company. In continuation of the research on OCB, employees’ pro-environmental behaviors (PEB) can be viewed as OCB directed toward the environment (OCBE). In order to better understand their determinants, we conducted six studies including 889 undergraduate students and 592 employees, working in classic or exemplary buildings. We notice that employees who feel supported and fairly treated by their organization, will be more prone to adopt PEB and OCBE. This result encourages reinforcing organizational justice. Otherwise, environmental attitudes, values and habits moderate the effects of contextual factors on employees’ pro-environmental implication. In addition, self-determined environmental motivation at work has a positive effect on PEB and OCBE. Similarly, social norms have a positive influence on employees’ behaviors, especially when companies make a concrete but not overwhelming environmental policy. Finally, efficient buildings providing a comfortable working environment encourage employees to adopt PEB and OCBE. Based on our results, we propose recommendations to help building professionals and organizations to take better into account the occupants.

Submitted by Luciana Iwashita da Silva (luciana.iwashita@gmail.com) on 2018-01-09T21:22:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE-Luciana_Iwashita_da_Silva-final.pdf: 3317592 bytes, checksum: e46a2546d020a67b94d524997b82eeac (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2018-01-10T14:17:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE-Luciana_Iwashita_da_Silva-final.pdf: 3317592 bytes, checksum: e46a2546d020a67b94d524997b82eeac (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-10T17:17:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE-Luciana_Iwashita_da_Silva-final.pdf: 3317592 bytes, checksum: e46a2546d020a67b94d524997b82eeac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-18 / Embora a literatura sobre governança corporativa seja robusta e siga avançando em várias áreas do conhecimento, as abordagens tradicionais da academia, bem como sua efetividade na práxis empresarial, têm sido muito questionadas, dentre outra razões, pelas lacunas de compreensão sobre os contextos organizacionais que a envolvem. Esta tese investiga como os processos de governança, as recompensas para os níveis não-diretivos – cuja investigação costuma ser negligenciada pela literatura –, e as percepções de justiça organizacional podem afetar sua efetividade. Sob a perspectiva da Teoria dos Stakeholders, ela contempla a pesquisa do stakeholder empregado a partir de abordagens qualitativas, ampliando as discussões de governança e contribuindo para sua melhor compreensão. Tendo como campo empírico o setor de agências de propaganda, o estudo buscou compreender como as pressões externas e internas influenciam suas decisões de negócios e de recompensas, e como elas afetam a percepção de justiça dos funcionários. Para tanto, foram realizados quatro estudos de casos, analisados em duas dimensões: dimensão institucional (níveis institucional e organizacional de análise) e intraorganizacional (níveis organizacional e individual de análise). Os resultados apontam que a percepção de justiça sobre as recompensas leva em conta quão justos são os demais stakeholders (organização, supervisor, controlador, pares, clientes etc.) e o grau de equidade das recompensas em relação às recompensas dos superiores, liderados e pares (dentro e fora da organização). Essas percepções de justiça organizacional impactam a efetividade da governança na medida em que estão diretamente relacionadas à confiança, ao comprometimento, aos comportamentos cooperativos e à produtividade. Do ponto de vista teórico, o trabalho contribui para melhor compreensão da temática de governança corporativa, à medida que avança no estudo das práticas de governança, contextualizando o tema no âmbito da organização e do ambiente onde está inserida. Empiricamente, contribui no avanço do uso de abordagens qualitativas de investigação do tema. / Although literature on corporate governance is robust and has been advancing continuously in several areas of knowledge, traditional academic approaches, as well as its effectiveness in the praxis, have been strongly questioned, among other reasons, by the lack of understanding about the organizational contexts. This work investigates how governance processes, rewards for non-directive levels – whose research is often neglected by literature – and how organizational justice perceptions may affect its effectiveness. In the light of Stakeholder Theory it researches the stakeholder employee using qualitative approaches, extending governance discussions and contributing to their better understanding. The study sought to understand how external and internal pressures influence their business decisions and rewards, and how they affect employees' perception of justice. The empirical field is the advertising agency sector. Four case studies were carried out, analyzed in two dimensions: institutional dimension (institutional and organizational levels of analysis) and intraorganizational (organizational and individual levels of analysis). The results show that the perception of fairness over rewards takes into account the fairness of other stakeholders (organization, supervisor, holding, co-workers, clients, etc.) and the degree of fairness of the rewards in relation to the rewards of superiors and peers (inside and outside the organization). The organizational justice perceptions impact the effectiveness of governance insofar as they are directly related to trust, commitment, cooperative behavior, and productivity. From the theoretical point of view, the work contributes to a better understanding of corporate governance, as it advances in the study of governance practices, contextualizing the theme within the organization and the environment where it is inserted. Empirically, it contributes to the advancement of the use of qualitative research approaches of the theme.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the perception of organizational justice and job stress on employees of public and private banking sector in Santa Maria. Therefore, the theoretical background focused on organizational justice and stress, with emphasis on work. A survey was conducted on 339 bank employees - 224 from public sector and 115 from private. A questionnaire was structure with sociodemographic questions and the instruments used were the Perception of Organizational Justice Scale (MENDONÇA et al., 2003), the Job Stress Scale (KARASEK, 1985; THEORELL, 1988; ALVES et al., 2004) and the reduced version of Effort-Reward Imbalance Scale (SIEGRIST et al., 1996, 2009; CHOR et al., 2008). Data were described using descriptive statistics, Cronbach alpha indicator, normality tests, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, chi-square test, and Correspondence Analysis. Regarding the population, the profile of the respondents is the majority is married, receives monthly compensation above 10 minimum wages, is graduate, has never received a stress diagnosis, or medications used for this purpose. Concerning organizational justice, it was found that employees of private banks perceive higher justice than employees of public banks and justice scored higher in the interactional dimension in both sectors. Analysis of the Demand-Control Model of Job Stress Scale in the data of respondents from public sector revealed that 24.55% of respondents are in the "low distress" (ideal condition) and 37.40% fit in this situation in private banks. Social support was considered low for 66.52% of the respondents from public banks, indicating the effects of stress at work, and it was assessed as high for 60% of employees in private banks, what can mitigate the damage of stress. Regarding the Model Scale Effort-Reward Imbalance, 77.23% of respondents from public banks and 57.39% from private sector showed imbalance between high effort spent at work and the reward received. However, in the public sector, the consequences of stress might be reduced, because the excess of commitment was considered low for 54.91% of the respondents, whilst in the private sector, the variable was perceived as high for 51.30 % what can maximize the damage caused by stress. Regarding the scales of Demand-Control and Effort-Reward Imbalance, individuals from the public banks were more exposed to work stress and consequently showed higher risk of mental illness. According to the results, in public sector, perceptions of distributive, procedural and interactional justice showed significant relationships with the dimensions control and social support. Moreover, in private banks, the perceptions of distributive, procedural and interactional justice were associated with the dimensions of psychological demands and social support. Furthermore, in both sectors, all three dimensions of justice were related to the size reward. High perceptions of justice (distributive, procedural and interactional), "low distress" and "low DER" showed significant associations among them. Relationships among low perceptions of organizational justice (distributive, procedural and interactional) and "high distress" and "high DER" were also identified. Solely in public sector, low perceptions of distributive, procedural and interactional justice showed relationship with "passive job". Furthermore, the results of this research reveal that the perceived justice of employees contributes to the way of dealing with work situations and the factors that lead to stress, such as psychological demands and control, effort spent and the reward received. / O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi analisar a relação entre a percepção de justiça organizacional e o estresse no trabalho em colaboradores do setor bancário público e privado de Santa Maria. Desse modo, o referencial teórico abordou os temas justiça organizacional e o estresse, com enfoque no estresse no trabalho. Realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva, com estratégia do tipo survey. A população pesquisada foi 339 colaboradores bancários, sendo 224 do setor público e 115 do privado. Aplicou-se um questionário estruturado, contendo dados sociodemográficos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram a Escala de Percepção de Justiça Organizacional (MENDONÇA et al., 2003), a Escala de Estresse no Trabalho ou Job Stress Scale (KARASEK, 1985; THEÖRELL, 1988; ALVES et al., 2004) e a versão reduzida da Escala Desequilíbrio Esforço-Recompensa (SIEGRIST et al., 1996, 2009; CHOR et al., 2008). Os dados foram descritos por meio de estatística descritiva, indicador alfa de Cronbach, testes de normalidade, teste Mann-Whitney, teste Kruskal-Wallis, teste Qui-Quadrado e Análise de Correspondência. Pode-se verificar, em relação ao perfil dos colaboradores, que a maioria é casado, recebe remuneração mensal acima de 10 salários mínimos, possui ensino superior, não obteve diagnóstico de estresse, nem utilizou medicamentos para esse fim. Quanto à justiça organizacional, verificou-se que os colaboradores de bancos privados percebem maior justiça do que os de bancos públicos e que em ambos os setores foi identificada maior justiça na dimensão interacional. A análise do modelo Demanda-Controle da Escala de Estresse no Trabalho em bancos públicos constatou que 24,55% dos pesquisados encontram-se no baixo desgaste (estado ideal) e 37,40% enquadraram-se nessa situação em bancos privados. O apoio social foi considerado baixo para 66,52% dos pesquisados de bancos públicos, o que pode estar destacando os efeitos do estresse no trabalho, e avaliado como alto para 60% dos colaboradores de bancos privados, podendo amenizar os danos do estresse. Em relação ao modelo da Escala Desequilíbrio Esforço-Recompensa, 77,23% dos respondentes de bancos públicos e 57,39% de privados apresentaram alto desequilíbrio entre o esforço gasto no trabalho e a recompensa recebida. Contudo, no setor bancário público, as decorrências do estresse podem estar sendo reduzidas, pois o excesso de comprometimento foi considerado baixo para 54,91% dos respondentes, enquanto que, no setor bancário privado, essa variável foi percebida como alta para 51,30%, podendo maximizar os danos causados pelo estresse. Dessa forma, os indivíduos pertencentes aos bancos públicos apresentaram maior exposição ao estresse no trabalho e consequentemente maior risco de adoecimento psíquico, quando considerados os modelos Demanda-Controle e Desequilíbrio Esforço-Recompensa. De acordo com os resultados, em bancos públicos, as percepções de justiça distributiva, processual e interacional apresentaram relações significativas com as dimensões controle e apoio social. Por outro lado, em bancos privados, as percepções de justiça distributiva, processual e interacional se associaram com as dimensões demanda psicológica e apoio social. Além disso, nos dois setores pesquisados, as três dimensões de justiça se relacionaram com a dimensão recompensa. Pode-se perceber ainda que as altas percepções de justiça (distributiva, processual e interacional), o baixo desgaste e o baixo DER apresentaram significativas associações entre si. Foram identificadas também relações entre as baixas percepções de justiça organizacional (distributiva, processual e interacional) e o alto desgaste e o alto DER . Em bancos públicos as baixas percepções de justiça distributiva, processual e interacional apresentaram relações com o trabalho passivo dos colaboradores. Com isso, os resultados dessa pesquisa evidenciam que a percepção de justiça dos colaboradores contribui para a maneira de lidar com as situações de trabalho e, assim, com os fatores que levam ao estresse, como a demanda psicológica e o controle, o esforço gasto e a recompensa recebida pelo trabalho desempenhado.

L'employabilité présente de réels enjeux pour les organisations, les institutions et les individus. Ces enjeux multiples couvrent plusieurs sphères à la fois économiques, politiques, et sociales. L'employabilité s'impose aujourd'hui comme la pierre angulaire permettant de réduire les tensions qui naissent de la synergie de ces trois sphères. Ces tensions englobent la montée du chômage, la pénurie de main d'œuvre, l'évolution des métiers, l'attractivité des salariés, les restructurations, la recherche de polyvalence, etc... de fait, l'employabilité alimente les discours et les pratiques managériales pour se revendiquer comme le nouveau modèle social du XXI ème siècle Gazier (2003), Guerrero (2003), St Germes (2007).Cette recherche propose d'étudier la mobilité, souvent désignée comme un moyen d'assurer le maintien en emploi, l'évolution de la carrière et in fine la sécurisation des trajectoires professionnelles (Hategekimana, 2002; Bader, 2007; Othman, 2011). Toutefois celle-ci doit nécessairement s'accompagner de conditions adéquates (Sardas et Gand, 2009; Amossé et al.,2012; St Germes et al.,2013).Notre problématique générale entend répondre à la question suivante : Quel impact peut avoir la justice organisationnelle dans le fondement de la relation mobilité-employabilité des salariés?La méthodologie qualitative choisie s'appuie sur des entretiens semi-directifs auprès de 75 acteurs (salariés et praticiens) au sein de l’hôpital, des télécommunications et des startups. L'approche subjective par les trajectoires professionnelles fournit des éclairages scientifiques sur les logiques existantes pour saisir cette relation.Mots clés: Employabilité, mobilité voulue, mobilité intentionnelle, mobilité partagée,mobilité subie, justice organisationnelle, motivations individuelles et organisationnelles. / Employability presents real challenges for organizations, institutions and individuals. These multiple issues cover several areas at once economic, political, and social and employability is becoming the corne stone for reducing pressures arising from the synergy of these three spheres. These pressures include rising unemployment, labor shortages, the development of skills, attractiviness of employees, restructuring, research versatility, etc... In fact, employability feeds speeches and managerial pratices to claim as the new social model of the XXI century Gazier (2003), Guerrero (2003), St Germes (2007).This research aims to study mobility, often referred to as a means of ensuring the continued employment, career development and ultimately securing career paths (Hategekimana, 2002; Bader, 2007; Othman, 2011). However, it must necessarily be accompanied by appropriate conditions (Sardas and Gant, 2009; Amossé et al., 2012; St Germes et al., 2013).Our general problem answers the question : What impact organizational justice in the foundation of mobility and employability of employees relationship?The chosen methodology is based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with 75 stakeholders (employees and practitioners) in the hospital, telecommunications and start ups. The subjective approach career paths provide scientific insights into existing logical to take this relationship.Key words : Employability, voluntary mobility, willingness mobility, shared mobility, forced mobility, organizational justice, organizational and individual motivations.

This research was designed to examine the moderating effect of interactional justice on the relationship between justice constructs and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) with organizational identification as a mediator of the influence of justice perceptions on OCB. This study was based heavily on social exchange, the norm of reciprocity, and psychological contracts between individuals and their supervisors. The study sample was comprised of respondents drawn from a crowd sourcing internet website (N = 250). Niehoff and Moorman’s Organizational Justice Scale was used to measure justice perceptions. Mael and Ashforth’s Organizational Identification Scale was used to measure the degree of the respondents’ identification with their organization; and Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Moorman, and Fetter’s OCB Scale was used to measure extra-role behaviors. Linear regression in IBM’s SPSS statistical package was used to test the proposed relationships. The results showed no support for the moderating effect of interactional justice on the relationships between justice dimensions and OCB. However, support was found for organizational identification as a mediator of the effect of interactional justice on OCB. Theoretical and managerial implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Industrial-organizational psychologist Stephen S.W. Gilliland developed a model for studying job-seeker fairness perceptions in 1993 based on existing research in organizational justice. The model includes several rules which will result in job-seeker perceptions of fairness if satisfied and job-seeker perceptions of unfairness if violated. Given the prominence of this model in the literature as well as changes which have occurred in personnel selection (such as human resource information systems, or HRIS, and e-recruitment), scholars have called for a technological re-envisioning of the original model, especially the explanations/descriptions ascribed to each rule. The present study seeks to understand how HRIS e-recruitment technology impacts job-seeker fairness perceptions and in so doing update the Gilliland (1993) model using a qualitative methodology and website success measures from information systems success theory. It contributes to the literature on applicant fairness perceptions by accounting for technological change, and contributes to the field of Public Administration by studying a governmental e-recruitment portal thereby accounting for the particularities of public-sector HRM which is underrepresented in the organizational justice literature. Over the course of one (1) year, twelve (12) job-seekers participated in a series of focus group interviews where they reflected on their experiences applying for jobs in the Canadian federal civil service using the government’s e-recruitment portal. Participants completed profiles, sent applications, communicated with government personnel, and wrote internet tests, among other job-search activities, and reported on their experiences from the perspective of fairness. Results confirm the validity of all original procedural justice rules and offer insight into their application in a recruitment environment where applicants invest considerable time interacting with computerized systems. Two additional rules are also put forth including the ease with which candidates can deceive tests and privacy/trustworthiness using technology. The findings are limited insofar as data gathering took place during a time of reduced hiring activity by the employer and because participation was limited to one (1) specific geographic location.