Ett hållbart företagande berör tre olika dimensioner: sociala dimensionerna, ekologiska dimensionerna och de ekonomiska dimensionerna.  För att arbeta mot ett hållbart företagande behöver ett företag kunna balansera dessa tre dimensioner samtidigt. Detta examensarbete syftar till att utifrån ett hållbart företagande undersöka de sociala, ekonomiska och ekologiska dimensionerna för att fastställa Bra miljötekniks befintliga hållbarhetsarbete. Studien analyserar hur de tre hållbarhetsdimensionerna integrerar med varandra. Detta för att få en ökad förståelse kring hur företaget bättre ska kunna anpassa sin verksamhet mot ett hållbart företagande.   För att skapa en djupare förståelse kring ämnet genomfördes en litteraturstudie. Litteraturinsamlingen består av avhandlingar och akademisk litteratur. Studien innehåller kvalitativa intervjuer med en semistrukturerad utformning. Syftet med intervjuerna var att skapa ökad förståelse kring hur företaget arbetar med sina sociala åtaganden. Både en direkt-intervju och en telefonintervju genomfördes.   Sociala aspekter och förhållanden vid företaget undersöks i studien genom en semistrukturerad intervju. De ekonomiska aspekterna undersöks genom viktning av tung lastbil, drivmedel, utsläpp och kostnader. Den ekologiska dimensionen undersöks med hjälp av verktyget livscykelanalys (LCA). Detta verktyg används för att öka förståelsen kring hur företagets aktiviteter påverkar i form av kostnader och miljöavtryck.   I den ekonomiska dimensionen kunde det tydligt utläsas att ingen av investeringarna var relativt stor i jämförelse med företagets resultat. Byte av bränsle till hydrerad vegetabilisk olja är det bästa alternativet taget ur ett perspektiv för hållbart företagande. De sociala dimensionerna undersöktes i form av aktiva val, etik, moral och inställning. Det framgick att stort ansvar har lagts på moderföretaget i Norge där all produktion sker. Inställningen var att; det sköter dem. Slutsatsen blev att företaget saknade kunskap kring vad de sociala dimensionerna innefattar, vilket är inte ovanligt enligt tidigare forskning. De sociala delarna består av mjuka delar och kräver därför en mer demokratisk och öppen process för att utvecklas framgångsrikt.     Att aktivt arbeta med hållbart företagande är resurskrävande för hela organisationen och dess processer. Ständig uppdatering och kontroll är ett måste. Då lönsamhet kan vara svårt att utläsa i ett kortsiktigt perspektiv finns en förståelse för att företag väljer att lägga resurser på annat.   Fördelar när det kommer till arbete med hållbart företagande är att det i det långa loppet genererar både ekonomisk lönsamhet och kompetensutveckling. Dock bör tilläggas att det främsta incitamentet till ett hållbart företagande är att kunna ge framtida generationer förutsättningarna att leva av och på vår planet precis som vi själva gjort. / Sustainable entrepreneurship involves three different dimensions in sustainable development: social dimensions, ecological dimensions and economic dimensions. In order to work towards sustainable entrepreneurship the firm needs to balance these three areas of responsibility simultaneously. This study examines the social, economic and ecological dimensions of sustainable enterprise, based on sustainable entrepreneurship. The study analyses how the three sustainability dimensions integrates with each other in order to gain a better understanding of how to better adapt their business to sustainable entrepreneurship.   In order to obtain a comprehensive base a literature study was first conducted. The literature reviews consists of dissertations and literature studies. The study is also based on qualitative interviews with a semi-structured design. The purpose of the interviews was to get a better understanding of the present social commitment within the firm. Both a direct interview and a telephone interview were conducted.   Social aspects and conditions at the company were examined in the study through a semi-structured interview. In the economic aspects, heavy truck, fuel, emissions and costs for sustainable entrepreneurship were weighted. The ecological dimension is investigated through using the Lifecycle Assessment (LCA) as a tool. When using a LCA a company can get a greater understanding of how their activities affect the environment and where the effect has the most impact.    In the economic dimension, it was clear that none of the investments were relatively large in comparison to the company's earnings. Changing the fuel to HVO is clearly the best option taken from a perspective for sustainable entrepreneurship. The social dimensions were examined in terms of active choices, ethics, morals and attitude. It was very clear that great responsibility lies with the mother-company in Norway where all production takes place. The company lacked knowledge in how to affect the social dimensions and what they included. The social dimensions consist of many soft parts, a more democratic and open process is needed to create a successful result.   Working actively with sustainable entrepreneurship is demanding resources for the entire organization and its processes, as well as continuous updating and control. Since profitability in numbers can be difficult to read in a short-term perspective many companies choose to put resources on other things.    Advantages for organizations that work with sustainable entrepreneurship are that it generates both economic profitability and competence development in a long-term perspective. But most importantly, future generations must be given the conditions to live on and off our planet just as we did.

Submitted by Marilene Donadel (marilene.donadel@unioeste.br) on 2017-08-22T20:24:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Martin A Wissmann 2017.pdf: 3822721 bytes, checksum: 992e1d91cf4dd49b947b2eec048496a4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-22T20:24:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martin A Wissmann 2017.pdf: 3822721 bytes, checksum: 992e1d91cf4dd49b947b2eec048496a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-16 / This research examines the social responsibility of the sugar cane industry in Brazil and analyzes how economic, environmental and social dimensions influence socially responsible behavior. A theoretical survey was carried out to identify origin, development and main concepts of social responsibility, pointing out its indicators, principal models and users and/or beneficiaries of social sustainability reports. Furthermore, the main theories related to socially responsible behavior were explored in order to support the composition of research tools and the analysis of results. The GRI-G4 model elaborated by the Global Reporting Initiative served as an additional resource. Purposing to show the relation between theme and object of this study, the sugar cane industry was characterized, presenting its economic, environmental and social impacts and further researches relating social responsibility and economic activity of this industry. The applied methodology consisted of explanatory, quantitative and qualitative research, utilizing questionnaires of a total population of 184 sugar cane industries (individuals or groups of companies), getting a return of 128, representing 5% margin of error and 96% confidence interval. In order to attest the hypothesis, modelling of structural equations by SmartPLS were applied. The results demonstrate that Brazilian sugar cane industry has reached an advanced stage in relation to the importance and practical accomplishment of the socially responsible actions raised by the research, but demonstrate the need to advance, mainly, the evidence of these actions. It also showed that the social dimension exerts major influence when compared to the other dimensions in the CSR. / O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar como se encontra a Responsabilidade Social nas Agroindústrias Canavieiras no Brasil no tocante às dimensões econômica, ambiental e social, e analisar qual a influência relativa de cada uma delas no comportamento socialmente responsável. Para isso, foi realizado um levantamento teórico a fim de identificar a origem, evolução e conceituação da Responsabilidade Social, destacando os indicadores, os principais modelos e usuários e/ou beneficiários dos relatórios de sustentabilidade. Levantou-se, também, as teorias que apresentam relação com o comportamento socialmente responsável, que deram suporte para composição do instrumento de pesquisa e para análise dos resultados, juntamente com as orientações disponibilizadas pela Global Reporting Initiative (instituição reconhecida internacionalmente e que disponibiliza o modelo GRI-G4, que serve de apoio para as empresas que querem desenvolver e divulgar as ações socialmente responsáveis). Visando mostrar a relação entre o tema e o objeto de estudo promoveu-se a caracterização da agroindústria canavieira, demonstrando o seu impacto econômico, ambiental e social, além de apresentar alguns estudos que mostram a relação da Responsabilidade Social com esta atividade. Este trabalho adotou como procedimento metodológico as pesquisas de natureza explicativa, quantitativa e qualitativa. Como instrumento de pesquisa aplicou-se um questionário a um universo de 184 agroindústrias canavieiras (individuais ou grupo de empresas), obtendo retorno de 128 questionários, o que representou 5% de margem de erro e 96% de margem de confiança. Para a validação das hipóteses, foi utilizada a modelagem de equações estruturais, aplicada por meio do SmartPLS. Os resultados demonstraram que as agroindústrias canavieiras no Brasil se encontram em estágio avançado em relação a importância e realização prática das ações socialmente responsáveis levantadas pela pesquisa, porém demonstram a necessidade de avançar, principalmente, na evidenciação dessas ações. Demonstrou, também, que a dimensão social exerce maior influência quando cotejada com as demais dimensões, no CSR.

Cette recherche en ergonomie porte sur le travail d’articulation des dimensions sociales et économiques des entreprises sous-tendant la conception d’ordonnancements du personnel robustes dans un contexte social sensible.Le plus souvent considérée comme un levier de flexibilité par les entreprises, les apports croisés de la littérature en GRH et en ergonomie a permis de considérer l’ordonnancement comme une activité de management de ressources « distribué », soulevant ainsi des enjeux liés à la fois aux dimensions économiques et sociales des entreprises (santé, compétences, formation, satisfaction des agents). L’objectif de ce travail de recherche est d’apporter des éléments de compréhension sur ce travail multifacette d’articulation et sur son évaluation, et ce faisant de définir la robustesse des ordonnancements.Pour appréhender cette activité, répartie entre trois niveaux différents (stratégique, tactique, opérationnel), six types de recueils de données ont été réalisés : des entretiens semi-directifs, des observations de l’activité des ordonnanceurs du niveau tactique, des groupes de travail métiers et inter-métiers, ainsi que des entretiens d’auto-confrontation outillés par des plannings réalisés.Les résultats mettent en évidence une construction dynamique de la robustesse, comme étant le résultat des stratégies mises en œuvre par les ordonnanceurs des différents niveaux. A partir de la gestion de contraintes de nature humaine et opérationnelle, les stratégies de construction de la robustesse reposent sur les connaissances qu’ont les ordonnanceurs de la réglementation, du processus, des autres ordonnanceurs et des agents commerciaux. Les ordonnancements robustes prennent différentes formes (stable ou flexible, immédiate ou différée) et doivent permettre de résister aux aléas mais aussi de construire de marges de manœuvre pour le futur.Les retombées de notre recherche portent sur la définition de la robustesse dans le champ de l’ordonnancement du personnel, sur l’activité de conception distribuée inter-métiers et à l’identification des conditions favorables à la conception de tels ordonnancements. / This research in ergonomics focuses on the design of robust personnel schedules in a sensitive social context, based on the articulation work between the social and economic dimensions of companies .it is often seen as a lever for flexibility by companies. Research in ergonomics and human resources management shows that it possible to consider scheduling as a "distributed" resource management activity, which raises issues related to both the economic and social dimensions of companies (health, skills, training, agent satisfaction). Our objectives are to understand how schedulers articulate theses dimensions, evaluate this work, and to define the robustness on scheduling.To understand this activity, divided between three different levels (strategic, tactical, operational), six types of data collection were carried out: semi-directive interviews, observations of the activity of planners at the tactical level, business and inter-business working groups, as well as self-confrontation interviews based on achieved schedules.The robustness is dynamically built from the constraint management strategies of schedulers. These are based on the schedulers’ knowledge : of regulations, of process, of other schedulers and commercial agents. Robustness takes different forms (stable or flexible, immediate or delayed) and must make it possible to resist disruptions but also to build room for manœuvre for the future.The impact of our research is related to the definition of robustness on personnel scheduling, to the joint collective activity and to the identification of the conditions in favour of robustness’ construction.

The aim of the present study was to investigate if individuals with high-functioning autism differ from typically developing (TD) individuals in judgments of social dimensions from faces. Thirty-two individuals with high functioning autism and sixty-seven TD individuals rated 196 synthetic faces representing 7 social dimensions. Overall, both groups performed similarly on the judgment tasks. However, some group differences emerged for ratings of Competence and Likeability in the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) group. Furthermore, alexithymia, or emotion-blindness, was found to be a possible indicator of ability to judge social dimensions in the ASD group. Implications of present results in relation to prior and future research on social interaction on the autism spectrum are discussed.

Background: People who use illegal drugs are disproportionately affected by HIV and hepatitis C, stigmatization and social exclusion. Health inequities are worsened by drug policy of criminalization, which thwarts health promotion efforts and hinders access to services. To address these inequities, people who use drugs are increasingly included in decisions that affect them by sitting on policy, service delivery and research committees. This study addressed a gap in understanding how power inequities are transformed in committees where people who use drugs are at the table. Methods: In partnership with the Drug Users Advocacy League and the Society of Living Illicit Drugs Users, this participatory critical emancipatory inquiry explored power relations in four committees in Ontario and BC. Data were collected in 2013 through meeting observations, interviews, demographics surveys and document reviews. Data analysis was guided by theoretical frameworks grounded in critical theory and transformative learning theory. Results: Findings confirmed striking socioeconomic inequities between people who use drugs and others at the table. Inconsistent measures were taken by committees to alleviate barriers to inclusion. Despite openness to inclusion, committee members tended to underestimate people who use drugs. The presence of local organizations of people who use drugs ensured a more democratic selection of their representatives to sit on committees. Once at the table, creating a safe space entailed building trust, authentic relationships, relational and reflective dialogue, and skilled facilitation. Democratic practices of negotiated relationships and consensus-based decision-making enhanced meaningful inclusion. A structural environment in which drug policy criminalizes people who use illegal drugs hindered capacity to transform power inequities by feeding stigma, which worsens health and social inequities. Committees were committed to inclusion of people who use drugs though capacity to do so varied due to budgetary and human resources constraints. Study limitations, practice implications and future research directions are offered. / Graduate / 0700 / 0680 / lynnebel@uvic.ca

In the past decades, there has been an alarming increase in the amount of toxicity on earthdue to pollution and consumerism and the natural environment is faster than everdisappearing due to the extensive activity of humans on planet earth (Nations United,2020; United Nations, 2020). The increased amount of rubbish and non-natural waste hasbeen identified as a major issue in the supply chain and waste management inhumanitarian organizations across the board. This thesis has reviewed existing academic research and identified the five commonthemes: Management – training and standardization – stakeholders and donors -transparency - climate change and development, in which the ability to become moresustainable is present. United States Agency for International Development (USAID) hasbeen showing environmental accountability and for that reason, its environmental policyand supply chain have been addressed to understand its waste management and if it issupporting the three sustainable dimensions. Plastic pollution is addressed as a humanitarian crisis and arguing that the devastatingeffects that microplastics are having on our ecosystem and it is clearly showing that it iscausing harm to the environment, the economy, and the social effect. Haiti has since theearthquake in 2010 received a variety of aid, majority from USAID but the sustainableaccountability in their action have been hard to identify. Reviewing the work of USAID and their collaboration with environmental protectioncompanies makes you likely to say that they are supporting the three sustainabledimensions but with further assessment, it is obvious, that humanitarian waste is doingharm and there must be improvements within the organization’s perspective onwaste/plastic while attending a crisis.

Au lendemain des indépendances en 1960, les politiques agricoles au Sénégal se sont très tôt concentrées sur l'amélioration de la production agricole afin de garantir l'autosuffisance alimentaire. Cependant, ces politiques ont échoué à répondre aux besoins alimentaires en raison de facteurs tels que la sécheresse des années 70, les plans d'ajustement structurel et la dévaluation du franc CFA. Face à cette vulnérabilité accélérée par les changements climatiques récents, l'agriculture biologique, soutenue par des ONG étrangères a progressivement émergé comme une solution pour réduire les dommages environnementaux causés par l'utilisation d'intrants chimiques et l'impact du réchauffement climatique. Au fil des décennies, les conditions de la production agricole sénégalaise se sont profondément améliorées grâce aux avancées techniques, favorisant des projets axés sur les aspects agro-écologiques. Ainsi, des initiatives telles que la DyTAES ont contribué à promouvoir l'agroécologie au pays, afin d’accroître la productivité tout en préservant l'environnement. Cependant, l’agroécologie ne se limite pas à des solutions techniques et les préoccupations sociales, telles que la cocréation des connaissances, la participation des populations et l’égalité de genre, font partie intégrante de la manière dont le concept a été théoriquement défini. Dans un tel contexte, l’objectif est d’étudier l’intégration de ces dimensions sociales dans les initiatives en agroécologie mises en place sur le terrain au Sénégal. Sur la base d’entretiens avec des intervenants clés dans le domaine de l’agroécologie sénégalaise et l’analyse de documents, le mémoire montre que les projets agroécologiques au Sénégal tentent de réduire les inégalités sociales en renforçant les capacités des agriculteurs, en démocratisant les décisions, en intégrant savoirs locaux et scientifiques, et en promouvant la justice sociale et l'équité de genre. Toutefois, les intervenants soulignent aussi que les inégalités structurelles de genre demeurent fortes et que l’implication de l’État dans les projets agroécologiques reste timide, ce qui menace la pérennité de projets qui restent très dépendants des fonds internationaux. / After independence in 1960, agricultural policies in Senegal quickly focused on improving agricultural production to ensure food self-sufficiency. However, these policies failed to meet food needs due to factors such as the droughts of the 1970s, structural adjustment plans, and the devaluation of the CFA franc. Faced with this vulnerability, accelerated by recent climate changes, organic agriculture, supported by foreign NGOs, gradually emerged as a solution to reduce environmental damage caused by the use of chemical inputs and the impact of global warming. Over the decades, the conditions of agricultural production in Senegal have deeply improved thanks to technical advances, favoring projects focused on agroecological aspects. Thus, initiatives such as DyTAES have contributed to promoting agroecology in the country to increase productivity while preserving the environment. However, agroecology is not limited to technical solutions. Social concerns, such as the cocreation of knowledge, population participation, and gender equality, are integral to how the concept has been theoretically defined. In this context, the objective is to study the integration of these social dimensions into agroecological initiatives implemented on the ground in Senegal. Based on interviews with key stakeholders in the field of Senegalese agroecology and document analysis, the thesis shows that agroecological projects in Senegal try to reduce social inequalities by strengthening farmers' capacities, democratizing decision-making, integrating local and scientific knowledge, and promoting social justice and gender equity. Nonetheless, the speakers also emphasize that structural gender inequalities remain strong and that the involvement of the State in agroecological projects remains timid, which threatens the sustainability of projects that remain highly dependent on international funds.