The most common type of human animal interaction (HAI) programme used in prisons involves prisoners caring for and training unwanted dogs from rescue shelters, to prepare the dogs for rehoming. Such programmes have been previously developed specifically aimed towards male young offenders, and are claimed to improve emotional, social and practical outcomes. Paws for Progress, the first prison based dog training programme in the UK, was introduced to HM YOI Polmont in 2011. By clearly communicating each step of the 5 Step approach (1. Identify the problem; 2. Review the evidence; 3. Develop a logic model; 4. Identify indicators and monitor the logic model; 5. Evaluate the logic model), it has enhanced our understanding of the development processes required for effective prison based dog training programmes. This evaluation provides the first comprehensive quantitative analysis of short, medium and long term outcomes for Scottish young offenders serving custodial sentences (N = 70) following participation. The aims of Paws for Progress are to improve behaviour, increase engagement in education, develop employability skills, and enhance well-being. Using a mixed design with two control groups and triangulating quantitative and qualitative outcomes, the evaluation assesses the efficacy of the programme in meeting these aims. Systematic analyses of semi-structured interviews pre and post participation in the programme support findings from the quantitative analyses. Analyses of institutional behaviour, measured by Disciplinary Reports, educational progress measured by written assessments and qualifications, employability skills measured by psychometric tests, and prisoner well-being all improved for participants, but such improvements were not shown by control groups. Paws for Progress positively impacts short and medium term outcomes and data on longer term outcomes also indicate the benefits are far reaching. By clearly relating programme aims to the outcomes achieved, and considering the contribution of Paws for Progress to future desistance from crime, the value and relevance of these findings are evident. The evaluation contributes to our understanding of effective methodologies in this applied context, which can be utilised to improve research practice in interventions in criminal justice and in human animal interaction.

Bakgrund: Medellivslängden i Sverige har aldrig varit så hög som de senaste åren vilket kommer ställa höga krav på äldreomsorgen. Situationen är komplex och påverkar framförallt patienterna i den kliniska vården. Tidigare studier visar att patienter inom äldreomsorgen löper större risk för ensamhet, depression och understimulans av olika anledningar. För att kunna möta dessa behov som sjuksköterskor i den kliniska vården, vill vi undersöka om alternativa metoder kan fungera som ett komplement till den vård som bedrivs inom äldreomsorgen. Alternativa metoder har blivit ett alternativ de senaste åren där bland annat djur kan användas i ett terapeutiskt syfte. Vi vill därför belysa faktorer för välbefinnandet hos dessa patienter som får djurassisterad intervention som ett komplement i vården. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa faktorer för välbefinnandet hos patienter inom äldreomsorgen som får djurassisterad intervention som ett komplement i vården. Metod: I denna studie tillämpas en litteraturöversikt där elva vetenskapliga artiklar från 2008 till 2018 ligger till grund för resultatet. De vetenskapliga artiklarna som inkluderades var nationella eller internationella. Datainsamlingen har gjorts i tre olika databaser; CINAHL Complete, PsycINFO och PubMed. Resultat: Efter analys av resultatet framkom fyra faktorer för välbefinnandet; fysiska, psykiska, sociala och existentiella. Resultatet visade att djurassisterade interventioner kan ha positiva, negativa och/eller inga effekter överhuvudtaget på äldre personers välbefinnande. Denna typ av intervention kan fungera som ett komplement i vården främst vid behandling för främjande av psykiska symtom och social påverkan/interaktion. Diskussion: Patienter inom äldreomsorgen är en riskgrupp för nedsatt välbefinnande och där farmakologiska behandlingar är vanligt förekommande. Djurassisterad intervention kan ses som en icke farmakologisk behandlingsform, där välbefinnandet kan främjas ur ett holistiskt perspektiv för den äldre patienten i vården. Mer forskning krävs för hur djurassisterad intervention kan ersätta viss farmakologisk behandling. Callista Roys adaptionsmodell stödjer sjuksköterskans arbete för förståelse av patienters strategier för att anpassa sig efter miljön och påverka miljön på ett självhävdande sätt. / Background: Life expectancy in Sweden has never been as high as in recent years, which will have a big influence on the care of the elderly. The situation is complex and affects primarily the patients in the clinical care. Previous studies show that the elderly patients are at greater risk of loneliness, depression and lack of stimulation for various reasons. In order to meet these needs as nurses in clinical care, we want to investigate whether alternative methods can serve as a complement to the care provided. Alternative methods have become more common in recent years, an example is using animals for therapeutic purposes. We therefore want to illuminate the factors of well-being in patients affected by animal-assisted intervention as a complement to health care. Aim: The aim was to illuminate the factors of well-being in patients of the geriatric nursing who receive animal-assisted intervention as a complement to standard care.    Method: A literature review has been done, where eleven scientific articles from 2008 to 2018 form the results. The articles that were included were national or international. The data collection has been made in three different databases; CINAHL Complete, PsycINFO and PubMed. Results: After analysis of the result, four factors emerged for the well-being; physical, mental, social and existential. The result showed that animal-assisted interventions may have positive, negative and / or no effects at all for the well-being of older patients. This type of intervention can serve as a supplement in the care of primary care in the treatment of mental and social interaction. Discussion: Patients in elderly care are a risk group for impaired well-being and where pharmacological treatments are commonplace. Animal-assisted intervention can be seen as a non-pharmacological treatment, where well-being can be promoted from a holistic perspective to the elderly patient in standard care. More research is needed on how animal-assisted intervention can replace certain pharmacological treatment. Callista Roys adaptation model supports the nurse's work for understanding patients' ability to adapt to the environment and influence the environment in a self-assertive manner.

No description available.

Children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) tend to experience restricted social participation and therefore require support in this area. Animal assisted interventions (AAIs) offer a complementary or alternative intervention approach for those children. This research aimed at investigating the literature on AAIs in relation to the social participation of children with NDDs. A systematic literature review was conducted in four databases. Based on the PICO framework, search strings and inclusion/exclusion criteria were defined, resulting in the inclusion of eleven articles from seven countries. The selected articles were assessed for quality and data was extracted with the help of an extraction protocol. The majority of research concerned children with autism spectrum disorder, in the context of school, occupational therapy, and other health care and therapy settings. Social participation was assessed primarily through measures of frequency and initiation of social behaviors and interactions. Results of the studies were mixed, with a trend toward a positive effect of AAIs on social participation. Overall, most evidence was found for animal assisted therapy including dogs. The research reflected a lack of protocol for animal-assisted interventions and a need for a clear definition of social participation across research and practice. However, in relation to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health – Children and Youth version (ICF-CY), AAIs seem to offer a treatment approach that can target several factors simultaneously instead of putting a focus on body functions only. Although this research could not draw any straightforward conclusions, there is clearly an indication that AAIs have a positive potential to impact the social participation of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. / Kinder mit neurologischen Entwicklungsstörungen erfahren oft Einschränkungen in ihrer sozialen Teilhabe und benötigen daher Unterstützung in diesem Bereich. Tiergestützte Interventionen bieten in diesem Fall einen ergänzenden oder alternativen Interventionsansatz. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Literatur über tiergestützte Interventionen in Bezug auf die soziale Teilhabe von Kindern mit neurologischen Entwicklungsstörungen zu untersuchen. Mit Hilfe von vier Datenbanken wurde eine systematische Übersichtsarbeit durchgeführt. Basierend auf dem PICO-Modell wurden Suchbegriffe sowie Einschluss- und Ausschlusskriterien festgelegt, woraufhin elf Artikel aus sieben Ländern in die Arbeit aufgenommen wurden. Die ausgewählten Artikel wurden auf ihre Qualität geprüft und Daten wurden mit Hilfen eines Extraktionsprotokolls gesammelt. Die meisten Studien betrafen Kinder mit Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen, und wurden im Kontext von Schule, Ergotherapie und anderen Gesundheits- und Therapieeinrichtungen durchgeführt. Die soziale Teilhabe wurde in erster Linie durch Messungen der Häufigkeit und der Initiierung von sozialem Verhalten und sozialer Interaktionen bewertet. Die Ergebnisse der Studien waren gemischt, zeigten jedoch die Tendenz einer positiven Wirkung von tiergestützten Interventionen auf die soziale Teilhabe. Insgesamt wurden hauptsächlich Belege für die tiergestützte Therapie mit Hunden gefunden. Die Forschungsergebnisse spiegeln den Mangel an einem einheitlichen Interventionsprotokoll für tiergestützte Interventionen und die Notwendigkeit einer klaren Definition der sozialen Teilhabe in Forschung und Praxis wider. In Bezug auf die internationale Klassifikation der Funktionsfähigkeit, Behinderung und Gesundheit – Kinder- und Jugendversion, scheinen tiergestützte Interventionen jedoch einen Behandlungsansatz zu bieten, der an mehreren Faktoren gleichzeitig ansetzen kann, anstatt sich nur auf Körperfunktionen zu konzentrieren. Obwohl im Rahmen dieser Studie keine eindeutigen Schlussfolgerungen gezogen werden konnten, gibt es eindeutige Hinweise darauf, dass tiergestützte Interventionen das Potenzial haben, die soziale Teilhabe von Kindern mit neurologischen Entwicklungsstörungen zu beeinflussen.

<p> There has been substantial growth in recent decades in the variety and popularity of roles for dogs assisting humans in professional therapeutic partnerships. Simultaneously, increasingly rigorous research has repeatedly demonstrated the effects of professional human-canine partnerships in remedying important issues of public health among several at-risk populations. Yet, despite these areas of growth, mechanisms of action and predictors of efficacy in the field of human-animal interaction (HAI) remain poorly understood, and the role of human diversity has been rarely discussed. Thus, the present dissertation examines potential mechanisms and diverse predictors in two distinct samples of professional human-canine partnerships, while building the impetus to explore diversity in the HAI field as a whole. For the first three studies (Chapters 2-4), the selected samples of professional human-canine partnerships include military veterans working with psychiatric service dogs to mediate their symptoms of PTSD and healthcare professionals in pediatric hospitals working with facility dogs to benefit their patients. Following the introduction in Chapter 1, the objective of Chapters 2-3 was to examine primary human outcomes in the selected professional canine partnerships. In a crosssectional study of N=198 military veterans with PTSD, Chapter 2 compared PTSD symptom severity between n=112 veterans with service dogs and n=86 veterans on the waitlist to receive service dogs in the future. Next, in a cross-sectional study of N=130 healthcare professionals in pediatric hospitals, Chapter 3 compared job-related well-being and mental health of n=65 professionals working with facility dogs to n=65 working without. Findings suggested benefits to the mental health and well-being of both military veterans with PTSD and pediatric healthcare professionals, which were significantly associated with their professional canine partnerships. Subsequently, the objective of Chapter 4 was to explore how variances within a specific professional canine partnership may suggest predictors and potential mechanisms for the observed human outcomes. Thus, in a longitudinal study of N=82 veterans with PTSD and their service dogs, Chapter 4 explored associations of veterans’ outcomes with veteran-service dog demographics and interactions. Results suggested components of the human-canine partnership which might explain observed human outcomes, including social connections, a calming influence, and strong humananimal bonds. </p>

<p>The attached document contains the dissertation of Clare Jensen, including descriptions of all procedures used in the associated research studies.</p>

No description available.

Introduktion: Psykisk ohälsa hos barn och ungdomar är ett stort folkhälsoproblem. Tidigare forskning visar hälsofrämjande effekter för människan vid samspel med djur och vid naturvistelse. Djurassisterade interventioner (AAI) är ett sätt att nå personer med specifika behov eller i riskgrupp för ohälsa och på så sätt få dem att ta del av djurens och naturens hälsofrämjande egenskaper.  Syfte: Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur vårdnadshavare uppfattar att livskvaliteten hos deras barn och ungdomar med psykisk ohälsa har påverkats av deltagande i djurassisterade aktiviteter i naturen.  Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie med en semistrukturerad intervjuguide genomfördes med sex vårdnadshavare till barn och ungdomar som deltagit i individuella djurassisterade aktiviteter i naturen. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats användes.  Resultat: Aktiviteten upplevdes som kravlös och öppnade upp för deltagande, ansvarstagande och ökat initiativtagande hos barnen och ungdomarna. Vårdnadshavarna upplevde en positiv påverkan på deras barns situation utifrån olika aspekter såsom stärkt självtillit och en mer meningsfull vardag. Samtliga vårdnadshavare upplevde att aktiviteten hade en direkt positiv påverkan på barnens välmående i anslutning till aktivitetstillfällena, medan upplevelsen av påverkan på det generella välmåendet var mer splittrad.  Slutsats: Studiens fynd tyder på att djurassisterade aktiviteter i naturen utifrån vårdnadshavares perspektiv kan ha en hälsofrämjande påverkan på barn och ungdomars livskvalitet genom ökat välmående, stärkt empowerment och känsla av meningsfullhet. Studien öppnar upp för vidare forskningsmöjligheter angående en koppling mellan AAI och stärkt känsla av sammanhang (KASAM).

This study examined scientific evidence of animal-supported work in connection with the therapeutic relationship. The study aimed to investigate whether animal-supported work has any impact on the therapeutic relationship. The study also aimed to examine in what way animal-supported work impacts the therapeutic relationship and whether the effects could be explained by relevant theories. Literature review was chosen as the method of study to fulfil the objectives of this study and data was analysed through thematic analysis. The data used in this study was found in articles through a structured search of the databases PubMed and Psycinfo. In summary, the study found that there is scientific evidence that animal-supported work does impact the therapeutic relationship. The study also found that evidence suggest that animal-supported work impacts the therapeutic relationship in many ways, most of which are positive. The study found that one viable way of explaining the effects of animal-supported work is through the neurobiological theory of oxytocin. The effects could also be explained by the developmental psychological attachment theory. The result of this study points to a need for further research of the effects of animal-supported work on the therapeutic relationship.

本論文では、ヒューマン・サービス分野における動物介在プログラムの組織的機能を多角的に評価し、動物介在プログラムを導入することの意義について論じている。 / This paper discusses the significance of introducing Animal Assisted Program by multilaterally evaluating the organizational function of Animal Assisted Program at the field of Human Service. / 博士(政策科学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Policy and Management / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University