Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-06-14T18:45:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGAO.pdf: 2694531 bytes, checksum: 5a6ae41e5754d53d9fb2b7a3bc00ea15 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-06-26T19:26:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGAO.pdf: 2694531 bytes, checksum: 5a6ae41e5754d53d9fb2b7a3bc00ea15 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-06-26T19:27:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGAO.pdf: 2694531 bytes, checksum: 5a6ae41e5754d53d9fb2b7a3bc00ea15 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-26T20:13:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGAO.pdf: 2694531 bytes, checksum: 5a6ae41e5754d53d9fb2b7a3bc00ea15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-30 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / As an ethnography about interspecific relationships – between humans and animals – in urban contexts, this dissertation aims to reflect about the actions related to the management and protection of animal life within institutional and domestic scopes. From the contact with activist groups in two cities in the state of São Paulo it was possible to observe situations that alternate between containment and propitiation measures and their consequent interferences in a conviviality supported by the principle of animal protection. Government and activism – as well as the perceptions and conceptions of the domestic animal resulting from their respective actions – allow a theoretical and methodological reflection on the binomial established between culture and nature, when they reveal conflicts and possible ambivalences of animal protection, situated between control and hosting measures that, consequently, are linked to affectivities and legal issues. Ethical arguments, contained in laws and public policies, as well as the appeal to the sensitive dimension, eventually triggered by activism, also provide subsidies to understanding other concepts - such as welfare and animal rights – and these interspecific relationships mediated by emotions and reason, both tangents to the moral condition of the animal as part of a predominantly human socius. / Como uma etnografia acerca de relações interespecíficas – entre humanos e animais – em contextos urbanos, este trabalho visa refletir sobre as ações envolvidas na gestão e tutela da vida animal no âmbito institucional e doméstico. A partir do contato com grupos ativistas em dois municípios paulistas, foram observadas situações que se alternam entre medidas de contenção e de propiciação e suas consequentes interferências num convívio amparado pelo princípio da proteção aos animais. Tanto o poder público como o ativismo – bem como as percepções e concepções sobre o animal doméstico resultantes de suas respectivas ações – possibilitam uma reflexão de ordem teórico-metodológica do binômio estabelecido entre cultura e natureza, ao apresentarem os conflitos e as possíveis ambivalências da proteção animal, situados entre medidas de controle e de acolhimento e, por conseguinte, imbricados a afetividades e juridicidades. Argumentos éticos, presentes em legislações e em políticas públicas, e o apelo à dimensão do sensível, eventualmente acionado pelas atividades militantes, também fornecem subsídios à compreensão de outros conceitos – como bem-estar animal e direitos animais – e dessas relações interespecíficas mediadas por emoções e razões, ambas tangentes à condição moral do animal enquanto parte de um socius predominantemente humano.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present study addresses the Abolitionist Approach to Animal Rights proposed by the American legal scholar Gary L. Francione. This research aims to discuss three h v w h h : h moral relationship between humans and nonhumans; (B) the property status of nonhuman animals; (C) the philosophical grounding for a moral theory in defense of nonhuman animals based solely on sentience. For doing so, this study not only x h k g q y h h h perspectives of other authors. In view of this, the present dissertation is divided in three chapters. In the first chapter, it will be investigated the issue of the moral relations held between human beings and nonhumans animals. Major emphasis will be placed on the analysis of the d moral schizophrenia the last one was coined by Francione. In the second chapter, it will be detailed the moral and legal status of nonhuman animals as economic resources and its numerous theoretical and practical implications. Other key issues approached in this h h y K h hy defense of animal rights, and a reconstruction of the debate among Francione and Robert Garner on the relation between equal consideration of interests and property. In the third chapter, four major themes will be subject of problematization: (a) the attempts to exclude nonhuman animals from the moral community; (b) the similar-minds theory of the human/nonhuman relationship; (c) the lifeboat dilemma, the harm of death on sentient beings and their interest in continued existence; and (d) the creation of an animal rights moral theory based solely on sentience and the extension of the moral personhood to all sentient nonhuman animals. As a general conclusion, it will be sustained that the extension of moral personhood as well as moral rights to nonhuman animals will lead to the abolition of institutionalized animal exploitation. / O presente estudo versa sobre a Abordagem Abolicionista dos Direitos Animais proposta pelo scholar de Direito norte-americano Gary L. Francione. Esta pesquisa almeja discutir três tópicos centrais da perspectiva ética de Francione em defesa dos animais não-humanos: (A) a relação moral entre humanos e não-humanos; (B) o estatuto de propriedade dos animais não-humanos; (C) a fundamentação filosófica de uma teoria moral em defesa dos animais não-humanos baseada somente na senciência. Para fazê-lo, esse estudo não apenas explora o pensamento moral de Francione, mas igualmente contrapõe suas ideias às perspectivas éticas de outros autores. Com isso em vista, a presente dissertação divide-se em três capítulos. No primeiro capítulo, investigar-se-á a questão das relações morais mantidas entre seres humanos e animais não-humanos. Dar-se-á maior ênfase à análise das õ q z esta última, cunhada por Francione. No segundo capítulo, será detalhado o estatuto moral e legal dos animais não-humanos como recursos econômicos e suas diversas implicações teóricas e práticas. Outros assuntos-chave abordados nesse capítulo incluem uma discussão sobre o problema da crueldade na filosofia moral kantiana, uma defesa dos direitos dos animais e uma reconstrução do debate entre Francione e Robert Garner sobre a relação entre igual consideração de interesses semelhantes e propriedade. No terceiro capítulo, quatro grandes temáticas serão alvo de problematização: (a) as tentativas de exclusão dos animais não-humanos da comunidade moral; (b) a teoria das mentes similares da relação entre humanos/não-humanos; (c) o dilema do bote salva-vidas, o dano da morte em seres sencientes e o seu interesse na existência continuada; e (d) a criação de uma teoria moral dos direitos animais baseada apenas na senciência e a extensão da pessoalidade moral a todos os animais não-humanos sencientes. Como conclusão geral, será sustentado que a extensão da pessoalidade moral, assim como de direitos morais aos animais não-humanos, acarretará na abolição da exploração animal institucionalizada.

This work examines the use of nonhuman animals in the farming industry and seeks to understand why this practice takes place and what supports its continuation. The research is approached from a critical realist perspective and after a description of past and current practices in the industry, it uses abduction and retroduction to determine the essential conditions for the continuation of the phenomenon of nonhuman animal farming. One essential condition is found to be the existence of negative discourses relating to nonhuman animals and this aspect is examined in more detail by analyzing a corpus of texts from a farming magazine using Critical Discourse Analysis. Major discourses which were found to be present were those of production, science and slavery which construct the nonhumans respectively as objects of scientific investigation, as production machines and as slaves. A minor discourse of achievement relating to the nonhumans was also present. Further analysis of linguistic features examined the way in which the nonhumans are socially constructed in the discourses. Drawing on work in experimental psychology by Millgram, Zimbardo and Bandura it was found that the effects of these discourses fulfil many of the conditions for bringing about moral disengagement in people thus explaining why billions of people are able to support animal farming in various ways even though what happens in the phenomenon is contrary to their basic ethical and moral beliefs.

Although animal welfare workers overwhelmingly describe themselves as animal lovers the exigencies of day to day animal welfare work often require that they perform euthanasia of healthy animals as part of welfare shelter management, and animal population control. In this research study, the particular burdens placed upon seven South Animal welfare workers who are required to rescue, care for, nurture and rehabilitate the animals in their care; while simultaneously being required to kill these same – often physically and behaviourally healthy - animals after a specific period of time, or in response to various logistical, procedural and practical intricacies, ranging from lack of space and resources to an unavailability of suitable homes; are explored from an interpretative phenomenological approach using the Interpretative Phenomenological Method (IPA), and from a South African perspective. It was found that animal-loving individuals engaged in the care and subsequent euthanasia of healthy animals report experiencing profound personal, interpersonal and professional and ideological (dis)stress related to guilt, sorrow, moral unease and horror. Four themes emerged from interview data, which are discussed in relation to relevant research and literature. Experiences in a South African context were found to be very much aligned with those reported in previous research and literature pertaining to this topic. In particular, it was found that there is a need to articulate specifically, and precisely the nature of the act. It is proposed that the term “Agapéthanasia” would be appropriate and useful in this field.

Denna kandidatuppsats fokuserar på reception av hemlig dokumentation på djurfabriker. Genom kvalitativa fokusgruppsintervjuer samt med hjälp av visuell elicitering lägger studien fokus vid hur visuella texter kodas av en avsändare och avkodas av en mottagare. Studien gräver in i betydelsen av aktivistisk kommunikation ur ett receptionsperspektiv genom att undersöka hur mottagaren tolkar djurrättsaktivistisk visuell kommunikation på sociala medier. Resultatet av fokusgruppstudien är att en mottagare avkodar djurrättsaktivistiska inlägg med visuellt dokumentärt material och text publicerade på Facebook-sidan Svensk djurindustri – baksidan, på ett förhandlat sätt när man tar hänsyn till hela innehållet i inläggen som består av visuellt material och text. Den upplevda subjektiviteten hos avsändaren gällande det visuella materialet i avsändarens kommunikation är en aspekt som spelar roll i mottagarens avkodning. Oavsett om receptionen visar sig att vara förhandlad, visas motstånd lättare hos intervjupersonerna om skulden läggs på mottagaren men om moraliserandet sker indirekt, verkar budskapet att tas emot av intervjupersonerna med större acceptans. Huvudsakligen upplever mottagarna att avsändaren har som motiv att försöka påverka mottagarens åsikt om djurindustrin genom information, moralisering, skuldbeläggning och genom att använda sig av chockerande visuellt material. / This bachelor's thesis focuses on the reception of secretly acquired documentation from factory farms. Through qualitative focus group interviews and with the help of visual elicitation, the study focuses on how visual texts are coded by a sender and decoded by a recipient. The study delves into the significance of activist communication from a reception perspective by examining how the recipient interprets visual communication published by animal rights activist on social media. The main results of the focus group study is that a recipient decodes animal rights activist posts which consists of visual texts published on Svensk djurindustri baksidan – Facebook page, in a negotiated way when the entire content of the posts consisting of visual material and text is taken into account. The perceived subjectivity of the sender regarding the visual material in the sender's communication is an aspect that plays a role in the recipient's decoding. Regardless of whether the reception turns out to be negotiated, resistance is more easily shown by the interviewees if the blame is placed on the recipient in the communication that takes place, but if moralizing takes place indirectly, the message seems to be received by the interviewees in a more accepting way. The recipients mainly feel that the sender has a motive to try to influence the recipient's opinion about the animal industry through informing, moralizing, blaming and by using shocking visual material and moral shock tactics.

This thesis is an exploration of the humanimal entanglements between humans and pigeons in the urban setting. It traces human-pigeon histories from pigeons’ domestication forward to the contemporary conceptions of pigeons as a pest animal. Pigeons are made visible in all of their cultural, socio-political, and symbolic and aesthetic dimensions, exposing their deep entanglements with humans across space and time. Using a combination of multi-species ethnography through ‘flaneur’ walks in Uppsala, Sweden and conceptual frameworks drawn from post-humanism, philosophy, and animal studies, pigeon-human relationships are problematized. The pigeon's ability to interrogate dualistic paradigms of nature/culture, wild/domestic, and human/animal are explored. It is argued that pigeons are active in the co-constitution of the urban space alongside humans, and are participating in reciprocal humanimal relations - they are not simply objects to be acted upon but have their own agency. From pigeons we can learn valuable stories about ourselves, and the more-than-human world.

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非營利組織之事業企劃書：以台灣動物平權促進會為例 / With the high level of economic development, there are more and more social issues caused and some nonprofit organizations have founded for advocating core values to influence people and achieve social changes. However, high organizational performance and good organizational effectiveness are not universal in nonprofit organizations; therefore, nonprofit organizations are recommended to refer to marketing knowledge for increasing their organizational effectiveness. This business plan is using a Taiwan nonprofit organization as a case to study how to transfer commercial marketing knowledge into nonprofit organizations for contributing organizational success.