När det gäller användning av modeller i teknikundervisning är kursplanerna viktiga att beakta. De ger förutsättningar och ramar för användningen av modeller i ett ämne. Föreliggande studie syftar till att undersökahur modeller lyfts frami teknikkursplaner i några olika länder. Genom det komparativa upplägget kommer jag kunna se vilka likheter och olikheter som finns i användning av modeller i de olika ländernas kursplaner i teknik. På så sätt kan jag skapa en karta över möjliga sätt att använda modeller i teknik och hur det kan skilja sig mellan olika länders kursplaner. Detta föranleder att huvudfrågan i denna undersökning är; Vilka olika typer av modeller beskrivs i nationella kursplaner för teknik i motsvarande grundskolan i Sverige, Irland, Nya Zeeland och Sydafrika? De länder som valdes ut för analysen har en etablerad teknikundervisning där kursplaner och andra styrdokument är lättillgängliga, dvs finns på Internet och har engelsk text.

Dagens urbanisering är ett växande problem och genom att göra våra städer grönare motverkas problem som uppstår i och med den. Gröna tak blir allt vanligare för det ändamålet och har visat sig ge socio-psykologiska, miljömässiga och ekonomiska fördelar. Fördelarna framgår som störst i varma klimat och trots att svenska myndigheter nu förespråkar gröna tak finns få studier gjorda på dess fördelar och risker för svenskt klimat med speciell hänsyn till risk för läckage och frostskador. Syftet med studien är att fastställa hur intensiva gröna tak i nordiskt klimat bör utformas för att minska risken för skador genom en kritisk riskanalys av etablerade modeller, dess komponenter och system för vattenhantering. Studien visar vilka ingående komponenter och vattenhanteringsystem som normalt förekommer i gröna tak. Hur dessa är utförda och placerade varierar mellan både de studerade modellerna och kommersiella etablerade gröna tak-modeller. Alla ingående komponenter och hur de samverkar påverkar hur väl ett grönt tak fungerar. Få studier finns .få alternativa lösningar. Riskanalysen visar att fukt och kyla ger speciellt stor risk. Fukt har en betydande inverkan på de flesta av de gröna tak-komponenterna och har speciellt stor betydelse för utformningen av både komponenter och system för vattenhantering. Fukten ger dessutom upphov till andra risker som berör hållfastheten samt flera biologiska och kemiska angrepp. Hur kylan påverkar komponenterna och systemet som helhet är lite studerat och kan påverka flera av lagrena i gröna tak men framförallt dess system för vattenhantering. Förutom de förväntade riskerna föreligger även risk med skadlig vegetation, materials värmebeständighet och brand. Studien visar att genom noggrant urval av placering av komponenter och system för att samspela med varandra, möjliggöra för volymexpansion orsakad av kyla samt tåla, hålla och effektivt avleda all fukt kan riskerna minimeras. Den visar även att genom rätt val av system och komponenter kan behov av underhåll reduceras. Flesta risker på systemen för vattenhanteringen kring ett grönt tak är svåra att kringgå och kräver krångliga metoder för att göra så. Studien visar dock att extern vattenlagring som alternativ framför intern avvattning framgår som den minst riskdrabbade konstruktionen och erbjuder samtidigt möjlighet för vattenåtervinning. / Today's urbanization is a growing issue and by making our cities greener, problems arising from urbanization can be counteracted. Green roofs are becoming increasingly common for this purpose and have been shown to provide socio-psychological, environmental and economical benefits. The benefits appear to be greatest in warm climates and although Swedish authorities now advocate green roofs, there are few studies done on its benefits and risks for Swedish climate with special regard to the risk of leaks and frost damage. The purpose of the study is to determine how intensive green roofs in the Nordic climate should be designed to reduce the risk of damage through a critical risk analysis of well established green roof models, its components and water-management systems. The study presents which components and water-management systems normally occur in green roofs. How these are designed and positioned varies between both the studied models and commercial established green roof models. All components and systems appear to have a vital function for a successful green roof and few studies have been done on alternative methods. The risk analysis shows that especially moisture and frost conditions pose a high risk factor. Moisture has a significant impact on most of the green roof components and is particularly important for the design of both components and systems for water management. The moisture also raises other risk factors that affect the carrying capacity as well as several biological and chemical attacks. There are several serious risk factors regarding freezing of the green roof. These are poorly studied and can affect many of the layers in green roofs, but above all its water management system. In addition to the moisture and frost there are risks factors regarding harmful vegetation, heat resistance and fire. The study shows that by carefully selecting the position of components and systems to interact with each other, to allow for volume expansion caused by cold and to withstand, hold and effectively dissipate all moisture, the risks can be minimized. It also shows that the right choice of systems and components can reduce the need for maintenance. Most of the risks on the water management systems around a green roof are difficult to circumvent and require complicated methods to do so. The study however shows that internal water storage as an alternative to internal drainage appears to be the least risk-affected construction and at the same time offers the possibility of water recovery.

Improvements within a company is key. Within the construction industry there has been challenges regarding lack of cooperation, limited trust and ineffective communication. In order to prevent this from occurring a method named partnering is sometimes used.   The purpose of this study has been to investigate how partnering is used within the construction industry and how some success factors assist partnering and what effect they have on the accomplishment in the project.   This inductive study has been designed as a case-study at a construction site in Sweden, where qualitative research have been taken place. This by conducting interviews and studying the company’s documentation. This study attempts to show to what degree success factors are used within the project and how they might be connected to the success of partnering. Whether the employees are aware or not. One construction site in Sweden has been chosen for being investigated to a limited extent due to the time and size of this thesis.  My research findings seems to align with previous research. These investigated success factors are often hard to accomplish and some are not that outspoken, which hinders the concept to spread. It is easy to loose fundamental things when there is a  lot of job to be done and you are caught up in something else rather than thinking of important things like how to communicate, what are you responsibilities and how are we sharing resources with each other. Within this project, they seem to be on different levels and they have different ways of working, which could influence partnering as a method. They can optimize their way of handling situations and widening their perspective and in that way understand each other even better. This by creating strategies and give situations a structure for how to manage it. Partnering might in favour of that get ahead on greater level.

Uppsala University wants to make a wave tank which can be used for experiment and education purpose. The project's aim is to get design parameters required to make a wave tank, design the wave tank, to do analysis on wave parameters taken from results and analysis of material which can be used to construct it.  This project is an extension of the project called Numerical Wave Tank Design in which a literature study on existing wave research facilities was done [1]. The data from this project is used to get the dimensions of the wave tank. A study on hydrodynamics and wave theory is done to understand flow motion and wave generation.   Ansys Fluent is used for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The software is used to test the wave tank with different wave absorber and observe if a good quality wave with a minimal reflection can be generated in the wave tank of chosen dimensions. Four models were created for testing wave absorber of different shapes. The setup for all the models was kept the same for comparison purposes. Waves generated from CFD were later compared with the theoretical waves obtained from wave theory. The next part was to model the wave tank in Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software, SolidWorks. The stress and strain analysis was done on the walls and support beam of the wave tank to know if the structure can sustain the water when fully filled. After creating static simulation different scenarios were performed on the beam and stand of the wave tank. The design study on these parts was compared to see which case provides a more optimal solution. It was found out that wave absorber having an elevation of 18.4 degrees, i.e., 1:3 slope provides the highest wave height for the given parameter and dimensions of the wave tank. In wave analysis, it was seen that wave height is proportional to the stroke length, water depth is proportional to wave height and time period is inversely proportional to the wave height. Cast stainless steel is used in a wave tank as it is cheap, reliable and robust. It was found out that the support beam 0.015 m thick is enough, although it can be increased to 0.02 m. In the design study of the wave tank stand, it was found out that a leg distance of 0.78 m and a leg width of 0.06 m is sufficient to withstand the weight of the wave tank.

As a result of technological growth, there is a change in lifestyle which increases thedemands and expectations of consumers, especially in younger generations. Thisdemand forces the companies to update their business models to fulfil customerneeds, which results in the development of mobile applications and websites thatprovide convenience and flexibility to the users. This development gives rise to thesharing economy; it is the combination of old sharing practices with the newtechnological advancement through online. This sharing system hugely affects theconsumer behaviour, and this consumer behaviour is noted in the younger generation,especially in generation Z as they are the generation with the primary consumermarket in the upcoming decades, who are born and brought up in the internet world.Finding the attitude towards sharing economy is considered between the Indian andthe Swedish generation Z. Therefore, in order to understand more about this concept,a qualitative study is performed with the Indian and Swedish gen Z sharing economyconsumers. Our study includes ten interviews, five on both sides. An integrated modelwas developed from existing theories, which was adapted to analyze and comparethe findings of this study. This framework is regarded as the bedrock for this research,and themes were segmented from the transcribed interviews through the thematicanalysis. The finding of this study indicates that the Indian generation Z respondentsare showing active response to the sharing economy platforms. In contrast, theSwedish generation Z respondents are exhibiting passive participation towards sharingplatforms due to the various factors which are discussed in detail. The researchexplores how each structure is related in this study to evaluate the attitude of Indianand Swedish generation Z.Supervisor:

The study examines the light level's influence on the visual experience in a clothing store. The survey should, with empirical data and theory, contribute to increased knowledge of the level of light in store environments. The question that the study answers is "How does the visual experience of a store change when the light level changes?" Based on previous studies and own observations, stores have relatively high visual light levels. The room experience of a store is influenced by various factors such as interior design, materials, colors and design, and our senses. Several studies have shown that the visual conditions for our experience have a strong impact on the stay in a store. The survey is based on field observations in existing stores located in Jönköping's shopping center, Asecs. A field observation was performed to gather information and create an idea of what visual light levels and physical aspects such as the illuminance are present in today's stores. The stores design, materials and surface colors were documented. With the support of the field observation results and standards from Ljus & Rum (2013), an experiment was designed to mimic a store environment in order to be able to evaluate and study the light level's influence on the visual experience. The 16 participants had to evaluate three different light scenes with the average illuminances of 300 lux, 700 lux and 2700 lux. The evaluation was performed by using a psychological instrument from a well-proven method, BELUPP. The results of the experiment show that the participants preferred 700 lux, which is not fully in line with the generally recommended 300 lux for stores. The results show that in the planning of lighting, the light level, distribution and character should interact to create a light environment with a pleasant visual experience. Higher light levels are more acceptable in rooms with darker surface colors and materials. Light levels are a significant factor in retail environments and have a major impact on ecological, social and economic sustainability. Lighting in the shop should be adapted to the situation as there are a number of factors that affect the perceived light level. / Studien undersöker ljusnivåns påverkan på den visuella upplevelsen i en klädbutik. Undersökningen ska med empiri och teori bidra till ökad kunskap om ljusnivån i butiksmiljöer. Den frågeställning som studien besvarar är ”Hur påverkas den visuella upplevelsen av en butik när ljusnivån ändras?” Utifrån tidigare studier och egna observationer har butiker relativt höga ljusnivåer. Rumsupplevelsen av en butik påverkas av faktorer som inredning, material, färger och utformning samt människans sinnen. Tidigare studier har visat att de visuella förhållandena för vår upplevelse har en stark betydelse för vistelsen i en butik. Undersökningen bygger på fältobservationer i befintliga butiker som är belägna i Jönköpings köpcentrum, Asecs. En fältobservation utfördes för att samla information och skapa en uppfattning om vilka visuella ljusnivåer och vilka fysikaliska aspekter, som exempelvis belysningsstyrka, som förekommer i dagens butik. Butikernas utformning, material och ytfärger dokumenterades. Med stöd från fältobservationens resultat och standarder från Ljus & Rum (2013) utformades ett experiment där platsen efterliknande en butiksmiljö för att kunna utvärdera och studera ljusnivåns påverkan på den visuella upplevelsen. De 16 deltagarna fick utvärdera tre olika ljusscener med medelbelysningsstyrkorna 300 lux, 700 lux och 2700 lux. Utvärderingen genomfördes med hjälp av ett psykologiskt instrument från en väl beprövad metod, BELUPP. Resultaten från studiens experiment visade att deltagarna föredrog en belysningsstyrka på 700 lux vilket motsäger de generella rekommendationer på 300 lux. Resultaten visade att vid planering av belysning bör ljusnivå, fördelning och karaktär samspela för att skapa en ljusmiljö med en behaglig visuell upplevelse. Högre ljusnivåer är mer acceptabla i rum med mörkare ytfärger och material. Ljusnivån är en betydande faktor i butiksmiljöer och har en stor påverkan på den ekologiska-, sociala- och ekonomiska hållbarheten. Det är lämpligt att butiker situationsanpassar vid belysningsplaneringen då det finns ett flertal faktorer som påverkar den upplevda ljusnivån.

One of major concerns in gas turbine industry is to reduce emissions.  Tow kind of approaches could be identified in the industry to reduce emissions, namely Primary Emission Reduction approach and Secondary Emission Reduction approach. The primary approach concerns emission prevention in combustion, while secondary approach is all about emission cleanup before releasing to the atmosphere. Combustion flame temperature highly influences on emissions specially NOx formation.  NOx emission is lower when the combustor operates close to lean flammability limit. Incorporating catalyst to combustor is one of methods to extend flammability limit.  Heat and Power Division at KTH-Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden has developed a test facility to test performances of catalyst in combustion. The combustion test facility available at Heat & Power Davison at KTH, consists of high pressure air compressor and air flow control system, air preheating unit and control system, fuel flow control system, combustor unit, and exhaust gas analyzer system. But lack of proper user interface to control and monitor the operation of the test facility through a computer work station was a major concern from experimenters. The purpose of the thesis work is to design and construction of supervisory control and data acquisition system for the full scale catalytic combustion test facility.  Labview 2012 is used as the main platform for implementing data acquisition and control system for the test facility. Thermocouples, pressure transducer signals, air flow meter signal are connected to Keithley 2701 data acquisition system and then connected to the computer. Fuel flow controllers are directly connected to the computer via serial port. Air flow control actuator signal is given through ADAM digital to analogue converter. Developed GUI is more convenient for users in terms of easy control of air flow, fuel flow and gas sampling probe systems, and monitoring of temperature, pressure measurements and exhaust gas species systems. And also GUI provides web interface to select correct conversion factor, and also to view live data recording. The developed GUI can be accessed through online to monitor the operation.

No description available.

The Stage-gate model has long been used in product development. Alternatives to Stage-gate such as Design Thinking and other models have been developed which are flexible and consider users’ needs early on and thus they could be more suitable for medical device development. This research aims to study and map how medical device development is treated in the existing research literature. This master thesis will focus on product development concerning medical devices. This research aims to conduct a narrative literature review. Data collection here is a set of articles which were collected through a database, which will be used for further analysis concerning how different approaches of models are being utilized in product development, with a specific focus on the healthcare sector. The goal of the literature review was to study what models have been utilized in the development has previously been utilized in the development of medical devices. Other possible alternatives besides conducting a narrative literature review are conducting one or several cases with interviews or surveys with companies. Data collection is limited approximately in the last 15 years (2005 – present), the lookup in the database was based on keywords applied in the research area. The database used for this research is Scopus. Articles chosen were selected also from the Scopus database. The ethical implications based on our findings here are identifying types of product development models that have been utilized by medical companies in the healthcare sector. Based on the review, we can identify several different product development models. Stage-gate and Design Thinking are not the most popular models utilized in the product development process. We classify the models based on elements, the element of the models here are divided into 3 categories which are based on requirements, they are; Regulatory Aspect, Process Workflow Aspect, and Collaboration Aspect. The regulatory aspect mainly concerns administrative affairs and how the system as an entity can control the regulation regarding medical device development. The Process Workflow Aspect, this element is based on a direct approach toward medical device development in terms of phases. The Collaboration aspect, this aspect addresses the stakeholders’ role in policy and decision-making regarding the production of medical devices. Stage-gate and Design Thinking are not the main models utilized in medical device development, other than that, various models are implemented in the healthcare sector, this means other models becoming alternatives and have been utilized and developed in the product development process. Other models besides Stage-gate and Design Thinking are alternatives which do not have significant changes and are just modified forms from the existing ones.

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) or Grätzel cells are electrochemical devices in where physicochemical properties of different materials are combined to obtain electric energy. These photoconversion devices have evolved from a pioneering concept of molecular photovoltaics to industrial development with confirmed record efficiencies of 14.3%. Their efficiency combined with low-cost production methods and a high aesthetic interest enables the production of DSSC products for consumer electronics market. The strengths of this technology and the fact that its drawbacks are not limiting for this application makes consumer electronics and DSSC a perfect match for the development of self-powered devices. Some companies have already spot a potential market and are currently launching different consumer electronics and other devices with embedded DSSC. This thesis provides an overview of the operation principles of DSSC and the possible routes to improve the efficiency of these devices to emerge and thrive. Additionally, improvements in efficiency, stability and manufacturing needed to be addressed in the near future for this technology are discussed and its suitability to represent a breakthrough in the market of consumer electronics. An overview of the main companies developing DSSC and current prototypes and products is included.