Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição. / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-22T16:30:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 229792.pdf: 483595 bytes, checksum: 6a0f3c610187b8f9a6678ed5ebb134c0 (MD5)

O corpo não é feito de, apenas, carne e osso. Por muito tempo condenado ao exílio, o corpo retorna à cena, não mais sob o enfoque estritamente biológico, sendo, pois, considerado como materialidade significante e discursiva. Tecido pela linguagem, o corpo passa a ser lido como texto, sujeito à interpretação. Com base nisso, nesta tese, (a)bordamos o corpo a partir de nossa inscrição no aporte teórico forjado por Pêcheux, a Análise do Discurso, e sua (im)possível relação com a Psicanálise freudo-lacaniana e com a Filosofia Trágica proposta por Nietzsche. Lançamos nosso olhar sobre o corpo doente das anoréxicas que, inscritas em blogs do gênero Pró-Ana, nos permitem visualizar o entrelaçamento entre corpo, sintoma e cultura. Ou melhor, o corpo que, ocupando lugar numa determinada sociedade – capitalista, em rede e do espetáculo – se mostra e é mostrado pela falha, pela falta, pelo equívoco, que acabam se desdobrando em resistência. Tendo como arquivo recortes discursivos oriundos do espaço virtual, tomamos o corpo como materialidade do sujeito e analisamos os processos de interpelação e de identificação pela ideologia, pelo inconsciente e também pela cultura. Mais do que descrever tais processos, buscamos interpretá-los, de modo a expor ao leitor a opacidade de enunciados que materializam formas de o sujeito ocupar lugar no tempo e no espaço a partir de sua inscrição em distintas formações discursivas, que (re)velam diferentes maneiras de conformação da subjetividade. De “Ana a santa” a “porca louca” ou “borboleta”, a anoréxica, na atualidade, faz ver a relação paradoxal e, portanto, contraditória que se estabelece quando de sua tomada de posição no que chamamos de não-lugar ou lugar de entremeio. Tendo presente o corpo que fal(t)a e (trans)borda, a partir dos desdobramentos entre o estatuto da discursividade e os registros imaginário, simbólico e real, propomos que o corpo seja compreendido como escritura, ou seja, como lugar de memória, como lugar de inscrição, lugar a partir do qual o sujeito resiste às formas de dominação, mesmo que por meio de um corpo feito de, apenas, “couro e osso”. / The body is not made only of flesh and bone. For a long time condemned to exile, the body returns to the scene, but no longer under a strictly biological approach, and is therefore considered as a significant and discursive materiality. Woven by language, the body starts being read as text, open to interpretation. Based on this, in this thesis, we approach the body from our inscription in the theoretical contribution forged by Pêcheux, Discourse Analysis, and its (im)possible relation with the Freudo-Lacanian Psychoanalysis and with the Tragic Philosophy proposed by Nietzsche. We launch our look at the sick body of the anorexic ones that, inscribed in Pro-Ana blogs, allow us to visualize the interlacing of body, symptom and culture. Or rather, the body that, occupying a place in a certain society - capitalist, in network and spectacle – shows and is shown by failure, by lack, by equivocation, that end up unfolding in resistance. Having as a file discursive cuts from the virtual space, we take the body as materiality of the subject and analyze the processes of interpellation and identification by ideology, by the unconscious and also by culture. Rather than describing such processes, we seek to interpret them in order to expose the reader to the opacity of statements that materialize forms of the subject occupying place in time and space from its inscription in different discursive formations that reveal different ways of subjectivity conformation. From “Ana the saint” to “crazy pig” or “butterfly”, the anorexic nowadays shows the paradoxical and therefore contradictory relation that is established when its position is set in what we call non-place or place of in-between. Bearing in mind the body that lacks and bursts, from the unfolding between the statute of discursiveness and the imaginary, symbolic and real registers, we propose that the body be understood as writing, that is, as a place of memory, as a place of inscription, a place from which the subject resists forms of domination, even if through a “bag of bones” body.

Introduction: Recently published reviews and meta-analytic studies have shown increased interest in research of the ADHD and ED comorbidity. We conducted a case-control study (133 ED female patients/93 healthy control), screening for ED among ADHD patients (N=64) and a pilot study of a support group program for adults with ADHD and psychiatric comorbidities. Methods: Adult and childhood ADHD symptoms were assessed by self-report and other- report versions of a Barkley Adult ADHD questionnaire (BAARS-IV). Patients with ED and ADHD comorbidity underwent a structured interview (DIVA 2) and Integrated Visual and Auditory Performance Tests (IVA Plus) to confirm the ADHD diagnosis. Participants of the pilot program were assessed prior to and after the therapy by the Schwartz Outcome Scale (SOS) and Quality of life (SQUALA) questionnaires. Results: Using self-report questionnaire of current symptoms 61 (46 %) of ED patients were detected as likely having ADHD compared to 22 (24 %) from a healthy control group, 37 (28 % ) of ED patients were identified with the high probability of ADHD diagnose compared to 12 (13 %) from a healthy control group with significant differences. Screening for disordered eating behaviors indicated previously documented higher prevalence of overweight among men with ADHD...

This thesis examines aspects of adolescent family mealtimes and psychopathology among both non-clinical (adolescents and mothers of adolescents) and clinical (adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN)) samples. It contains seven studies employing quantitative methodology, which address three broad aims. First, to examine relationships between aspects of family mealtimes and psychopathology among adolescents. Second, to examine links between family mealtime emotions and psychopathology among mothers of adolescents. Finally, to examine associations between specific parental mealtime interactions and adolescent outcomes during a therapeutic meal session for adolescents with AN. Self-report questionnaires were completed by non-clinical adolescents and mothers of adolescents to examine associations between characteristics of family mealtimes (mealtime environment, mealtime emotions and parental feeding practices) and eating psychopathology, anxiety and depression. In addition, observational analyses were conducted on recordings of the family meal session (session two) of Family-Based Treatment (FBT) for adolescent AN. Key findings from this research include: identifying a new factor structure for the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire when used in research with adolescents; developing a measure to assess mealtime emotions in both adolescents and their parents; and, identifying the feeding strategies used by parents of adolescents with AN during the family meal session of FBT. Overall, the findings reported on in this thesis suggest that family mealtimes may have an important protective role in adolescent psychopathology. In addition to providing frequent family mealtimes, families should be encouraged to concentrate on the positivity of the mealtime environment and emotional experience, which may help to promote psychological well-being, and lower levels of eating psychopathology among adolescents. In relation to family mealtimes within adolescent AN, the findings increase understanding of the types of mealtime strategies parents use with their adolescent child to encourage food consumption during the family meal session of FBT. Furthermore, the research findings highlight that certain strategies may be effective in promoting eating during the session and weight gain later on in treatment. Consequently, such findings might provide a focus for therapists when supporting and coaching parents during the family meal session.

Resumo: Os Transtornos alimentares (TA) como Anorexia Nervosa (AN) e Bulimia Nervosa (BN) são acompanhados de inúmeras alterações sistêmicas e bucais relacionadas ao comprometimento do estado nutricional e às práticas compensatórias inadequadas para o controle do peso. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar diversidade microbiológica existente na cavidade bucal de pacientes com estes transtornos, por meio de técnicas de cultivo e utilizando métodos moleculares independentes de cultivo. Foram incluídos no estudo 32 pacientes anoréxicos e 27 bulímicos, pareados com 59 indivíduos controle. Amostras de enxágüe bucal foram semeadas para a avaliação da prevalência de leveduras do gênero Candida, estafilococos, enterococos, estreptococcos do grupo mutans (EGM), lactobacilos, enterobactérias/pseudomonas. Espécies de Candida, estafilococos, enterococos, enterobactérias/pseudomonas foram identificadas pelo sistema API. Amostras de biofilme supragengival foram coletadas e utilizadas somente nos procedimentos moleculares. As contagens de microrganismos nos grupos foram comparadas por ANOVA/Mann-Whitney (5%). Houve diferença estatisticamente significantes (p<0,05) para as contagem de leveduras do gênero Candida, estafilococos, enterococos, EGM e lactobacilos entre o grupo TA e controle, mas não houve diferenças significativas para a prevalência de enterobactérias/pseudomonas (p=0,312). Pequena diferença entre os grupos foi observada na diversidade de espécies dos microrganismos estudados pelo método de cultivo. Avaliação molecular foi realizada pela ribotipagem por seqüenciamento do 16S rRNA bacteriano e regiões D1/D2 do 28S rRNA. Foram avaliados cerca de 3000 clones do grupo TA e 1500 clones do controle. Sessenta e duas espécies ou filotipos de bactérias foram detectados... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Eating disorders such as nervous Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa have several clinical and oral alterations related to the nutritional state involvement and the inadequate compensatory practices for weight control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbial diversity in the oral cavity of patients with Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia nervosa by cultivation techniques and cultivationindependent molecular methods. The study included 32 patients and 27 bulimic anorexics, matched with 59 control subjects. Oral rinse samples were cultured to assess the prevalence of Candida species, staphylococci, enterococci, streptococci mutans (EGM), lactobacilli, Enterobacteriaceae / Pseudomonas. Candida species, staphylococci, enterococci, Enterobacteriaceae / Pseudomonas were identified by API systems. Supragingival biofilm samples were collected and used only in molecular procedures. Counts of microorganisms in the groups were compared by ANOVA / Mann-Whitney (5%). There was a statistically significant (p <0.05) for the counting of yeasts, staphylococci, enterococci, and lactobacilli EGM between TA and control groups, but there were no significant differences in the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae / Pseudomonas (p = 0.312). Few differences between the groups were observed in the species diversity of organisms studied by the method of cultivation. Molecular analysis was performed by ribotyping by sequencing the 16S rRNA bacterial and D1/D2 regions of 28S rRNA. About 3000 clones of the TA group and 1500 clones of control were evaluated. Sixty-two species or filotypes of bacteria were detected, with 22 identifications were found only in the study group, only 6 in the control group and 34 in both groups. Microorganisms related to caries and periodontal diseases... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Cristiane Yumi Koga Ito / Coorientador: Francisco Gorgônio da Nóbrega / Banca: Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge / Banca: Janete Dias Almeida / Banca: Flaviana Bombarda de Andrade Ferreira / Banca: Mário Henrique de Barros / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-07T19:09:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 000389421-Texto+Completo-0.pdf: 295139 bytes, checksum: 7db76d47f8c1b5184fe7b80df83f5cbd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / In this paper two risk factors for the eating disorders are analyzed, as well as its interrelation that contributes in the development and maintenance of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, in women: the relationship mother-daughter and the self-esteem. Among the human needs is the one of esteem, it means, the need of self-esteem and esteem from others. The mothers tend to live their daughters as less separated from them, due to narcissistic components that prevail in this pair as identification and symbiosis. And in the case of women with eating disorder ou something has reversed in the process of interaction between mother-daughter, bringing loss to the bound between them. The formation of the appropriate self-esteem depends deeply on the love look of appreciation by a significant person, in this case the mother, because it is never through its own eyes that the child sees itself, but always through the other’s eyes. The process of seeing itself in identification with this look directed to itself constitutes the narcissism, its own selfesteem and depending on the type of attachment existing between this couple, the child’s self-esteem will have different nuances.The research had as an aim the difficulty in the primary relationship between motherchild and self-esteem in women with eating disorders. The sample was composed by 51 participants distributed in three groups: anorexia nervosa (Gr1), bulimia nervosa (Gr2) and control (Gr3). The instruments which were used were: the Rorschach technique to evaluate the primary relationship with the maternal figure, the Rosenberg Scale to evaluate self-esteem, and a questionnaire to survey the demographic and social data and the sample characteristics. The EAT-26 and the MINI were used to select Gr3. The statistics analysis was made through ANOVA and the Chi-Square tests, with an accepted rate of significance of 0,05. Groups 1 and 2 presented indicators of higher difficulties in the primary relationship with the maternal figure, in the interpersonal relationships and low self-esteem, compared to Gr3. / Nesse artigo dois fatores de risco para os transtornos alimentares são analisados, bem como sua inter-relação contribuinte no desenvolvimento e manutenção da anorexia nervosa e da bulimia nervosa, em mulheres: a relação mãe-filha e a auto-estima. Entre as necessidades humanas está a de estima, ou seja, a necessidade de auto-estima e estima por parte dos outros. As mães tendem a vivenciar suas filhas mulheres como menos separadas delas, devido a componentes narcisistas que prevalecem nesta dupla como identificação e simbiose. No caso das mulheres com transtorno alimentar algo se inverteu no processo de interação entre mãe-filha prejudicando o vínculo entre elas. A formação da adequada auto-estima depende profundamente do olhar amoroso de apreciação por uma pessoa significativa, a mãe, porque nunca é com seus próprios olhos que a criança se vê, mas sempre com os olhos do outro. O ver-se numa identificação com esse olhar dirigido para si constitui o narcisismo, a sua própria auto-estima e dependendo do tipo de apego existente entre essa dupla, a auto-estima da filha terá nuances diferenciadas.A pesquisa teve como foco a dificuldade na relação primária entre mãe-filha e auto-estima em mulheres com transtornos alimentares. A amostra se constituiu de 51 participantes distribuídas em três grupos: anorexia nervosa (Gr1), bulimia nervosa (Gr2) e controle (Gr3). Os instrumentos utilizados foram: a Técnica de Rorschach, para avaliar a relação primária com a figura materna; Escala de Rosenberg, para avaliar a auto-estima e um questionário para levantamento de dados sócio-demográficos e características da amostra. O EAT-26 e o MINI foram utilizados para triar o grupo controle. A análise estatística foi por meio do Teste ANOVA e do Teste Qui-quadrado, com índice de significância aceito de ≤0,05. Observou-se que os grupos 1 e 2 apresentaram indicadores de maior dificuldades na relação primária com a figura materna, nos relacionamentos interpessoais e baixa auto-estima, comparados com o Gr3.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-22T14:12:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ElidaMayaraDaNobregaCunha_DISSERT.pdf: 1208619 bytes, checksum: 69b54e7a113d3cf7635b5ecc376302b7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-26T21:06:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ElidaMayaraDaNobregaCunha_DISSERT.pdf: 1208619 bytes, checksum: 69b54e7a113d3cf7635b5ecc376302b7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-26T21:06:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ElidaMayaraDaNobregaCunha_DISSERT.pdf: 1208619 bytes, checksum: 69b54e7a113d3cf7635b5ecc376302b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-11 / Esta pesquisa aborda a anorexia nervosa (AN) pelo olhar de pessoas que viveram essa experi?ncia. Os Transtornos Alimentares (TAs) t?m se apresentado como psicopatologias cada vez mais recorrentes na contemporaneidade, sendo sua incid?ncia quase duplicada nos ?ltimos 20 anos, atingindo, principalmente, adolescentes e trazendo conseq??ncias e implica??es de diversas naturezas. A literatura aponta para a relev?ncia do atual ideal de beleza, no qual a magreza ? hipervalorizada. Diante deste cen?rio o objetivo do estudo foi compreender, a partir de uma perspectiva fenomenol?gico-existencial, a experi?ncia de anorexia. Nesse sentido, ao se acessar a experi?ncia, busca-se a compreens?o dos poss?veis sentidos que o n?o-comer tem para a pessoa que vivencia tal experi?ncia. A pesquisa, de inspira??o fenomenol?gico-existencial heideggeriana, utilizou entrevistas semi-abertas como meio de acesso ? experi?ncia. Foram entrevistadas duas pessoas do sexo feminino, com a idade de 17 e 30 anos, iniciadas com uma pergunta disparadora (?Como foi, ou como ?, a sua viv?ncia de anorexia??), que permitiu ? entrevistada falar sobre a sua experi?ncia. Para a sele??o das participantes da pesquisa houve divulga??o entre os profissionais da ?rea da sa?de, assim como nas redes sociais e blogs, em que foram explicitados os objetivos da pesquisa e crit?rios de participa??o. O di?rio de campo tamb?m foi utilizado como recurso metodol?gico, buscando uma maior aproxima??o das experi?ncias das entrevistadas e da pesquisadora. As entrevistas foram interpretadas ? luz da hermen?utica heideggeriana Os sentidos desvelados nas narrativas revelaram quest?es para al?m da quest?o f?sica e patol?gica, estando envolvidos fam?lia, desejos, amigos, experi?ncias, projetos de vida. O corporar, tal como pensado por Martin Heidegger, se fez muito presente nas falas das entrevistadas, uma vez que faz parte da exist?ncia. Dentre as ideias heideggerianas, ressalta-se o cuidado, inospitalidade, habitar, t?dio, abertura ?s possibilidades e facticidade, que puderam ser discutidos a partir das falas das entrevistadas, gerando reflex?es acerca dos seus sentidos, em suas exist?ncias. / This research deals with anorexia nervosa through the look of those who lived this experience. Eating Disorders have been presented as psychopathology increasingly recurrent in contemporary, being almost doubled incidence in the last 20 years, reaching mainly teenagers and bringing consequences and implications of various kinds. The literature points to the relevance of the current ideal of beauty, in which thinness is overvalued. In this case, the study?s objective was to understand, from an existential-phenomenological perspective, anorexia experience. Thus, when assessing the experience, seeking to understand the possible directions that the non-eating is for the person who lives such an experience. The study, of Heidegger's existential-phenomenological inspiration, used semi-structured interviews as a means of access to the experience. Female two people were interviewed, at the age of 17 and 30, began with a starter question ("How was, or how is, your anorexia experience?"), which allowed the interviewee to talk about their experience. For the selection of the study participant was publicized among health professionals, as well as in social networks and blogs, in which the research objectives and approaches have been made explicit. The field diary was also used as a methodological resource, seeking a greater approximation of the experiences of the interviewees and the researcher. The interviews were interpreted in the by Heidegger's hermeneutics. The meanings unveiled in the narratives revealed issues beyond the physical and pathological issue, being involved family, wishes, friends, experiences, life projects. The corporal, as thought by Martin Heidegger, became very present in the statements of the interviewees, as it is part of existence. Among the Heidegger?s ideas, emphasizes care, inhospitality, live, boredom, openness to possibilities and factuality, that might be discussed from interviewees' discourse, engendering reflections about their senses, in their lives.

O corpo não é feito de, apenas, carne e osso. Por muito tempo condenado ao exílio, o corpo retorna à cena, não mais sob o enfoque estritamente biológico, sendo, pois, considerado como materialidade significante e discursiva. Tecido pela linguagem, o corpo passa a ser lido como texto, sujeito à interpretação. Com base nisso, nesta tese, (a)bordamos o corpo a partir de nossa inscrição no aporte teórico forjado por Pêcheux, a Análise do Discurso, e sua (im)possível relação com a Psicanálise freudo-lacaniana e com a Filosofia Trágica proposta por Nietzsche. Lançamos nosso olhar sobre o corpo doente das anoréxicas que, inscritas em blogs do gênero Pró-Ana, nos permitem visualizar o entrelaçamento entre corpo, sintoma e cultura. Ou melhor, o corpo que, ocupando lugar numa determinada sociedade – capitalista, em rede e do espetáculo – se mostra e é mostrado pela falha, pela falta, pelo equívoco, que acabam se desdobrando em resistência. Tendo como arquivo recortes discursivos oriundos do espaço virtual, tomamos o corpo como materialidade do sujeito e analisamos os processos de interpelação e de identificação pela ideologia, pelo inconsciente e também pela cultura. Mais do que descrever tais processos, buscamos interpretá-los, de modo a expor ao leitor a opacidade de enunciados que materializam formas de o sujeito ocupar lugar no tempo e no espaço a partir de sua inscrição em distintas formações discursivas, que (re)velam diferentes maneiras de conformação da subjetividade. De “Ana a santa” a “porca louca” ou “borboleta”, a anoréxica, na atualidade, faz ver a relação paradoxal e, portanto, contraditória que se estabelece quando de sua tomada de posição no que chamamos de não-lugar ou lugar de entremeio. Tendo presente o corpo que fal(t)a e (trans)borda, a partir dos desdobramentos entre o estatuto da discursividade e os registros imaginário, simbólico e real, propomos que o corpo seja compreendido como escritura, ou seja, como lugar de memória, como lugar de inscrição, lugar a partir do qual o sujeito resiste às formas de dominação, mesmo que por meio de um corpo feito de, apenas, “couro e osso”. / The body is not made only of flesh and bone. For a long time condemned to exile, the body returns to the scene, but no longer under a strictly biological approach, and is therefore considered as a significant and discursive materiality. Woven by language, the body starts being read as text, open to interpretation. Based on this, in this thesis, we approach the body from our inscription in the theoretical contribution forged by Pêcheux, Discourse Analysis, and its (im)possible relation with the Freudo-Lacanian Psychoanalysis and with the Tragic Philosophy proposed by Nietzsche. We launch our look at the sick body of the anorexic ones that, inscribed in Pro-Ana blogs, allow us to visualize the interlacing of body, symptom and culture. Or rather, the body that, occupying a place in a certain society - capitalist, in network and spectacle – shows and is shown by failure, by lack, by equivocation, that end up unfolding in resistance. Having as a file discursive cuts from the virtual space, we take the body as materiality of the subject and analyze the processes of interpellation and identification by ideology, by the unconscious and also by culture. Rather than describing such processes, we seek to interpret them in order to expose the reader to the opacity of statements that materialize forms of the subject occupying place in time and space from its inscription in different discursive formations that reveal different ways of subjectivity conformation. From “Ana the saint” to “crazy pig” or “butterfly”, the anorexic nowadays shows the paradoxical and therefore contradictory relation that is established when its position is set in what we call non-place or place of in-between. Bearing in mind the body that lacks and bursts, from the unfolding between the statute of discursiveness and the imaginary, symbolic and real registers, we propose that the body be understood as writing, that is, as a place of memory, as a place of inscription, a place from which the subject resists forms of domination, even if through a “bag of bones” body.

In my Master thesis I summarize up-to-date information on anorexia nervosa. In the theoratical part I introduce casuistics of young females suffering from anorexia nervosa. In the practical part I present the evaluation of research data dealing with particular risk factors that may lead to the development of anorexia nervosa in students of lower stage of grammar school.

This thesis deals with the issue of eating disorders of pupils attending upper primary schools of rural and urban type. The issue of eating disorders is very complex and public often fails to understand it. People do not see the fact that the food and its rejection can turn into a real habit. Eating disorders are not only observed in young women, but also increasingly in children and adolescents. Eating disorders involve serious psychosomatic disorders, significantly affecting the mental and physical status. Thus, they may very negatively affect personality development from childhood to adulthood. They are accompanied with many somatic problems and complications and they can have a very negative influence to the overall health status of an individual. Eating disorders cause long-term problems not only to patients themselves but also to their families, spouses and friends. It is very easy to fall ill with eating disorder, but is very hard to get better.