Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research is directed to the practice of the anthropologist in the frames of the State, to the stress processed in the appropriation and instrumentalization of the theoretical basis of anthropology for the elaboration and implementation of a brazilian public policy focused on protection and promotion of the cultural heritage of immaterial nature, which has been said to be guided by the principle of culture by anthropology. Initially, I seek to carry out an archaeology of the notion of culture, proposing that this should be understood according to the successive layers of discourses and practices with what was being outlined and that inform the uses that are made even in present times, reflecting on the ways because the binding between cultural heritage and identity places the difference locus in the public policy that display the diversity. Then – with support in understanding where I see the most significant points of friction between the theoretical basis of anthropology and the intangible heritage policy protection guided by the anthropological concept of culture, system, interaction and reflexivity – I see while discursive practices the dossiers that register as Brazil's cultural heritage some cultural assets, chosen as emblematic of the uses of these notions in the execution of this specific public policy, seeking to point out how these different uses induce social intervention actions guided by different principles and purposes or different ideological positions. / A pesquisa está voltada à prática do antropólogo nos quadros do Estado, às distensões que se processam na apropriação e instrumentalização do arcabouço teórico conceitual da antropologia para a elaboração e implantação de uma política pública brasileira voltada à proteção e promoção do patrimônio cultural de natureza imaterial, de que tem sido dito ser orientada pelo princípio antropológico de cultura. Inicialmente, busco proceder a uma arqueologia da noção de bem cultural, propondo que esta deva ser entendida segundo as sucessivas camadas de discursos e práticas com que foi sendo delineada e que informam os usos que dela são feitos ainda em tempos atuais, refletindo acerca dos modos porque a vinculação entre patrimônio cultural e identidade situa o lugar da diferença em políticas de estado que apregoam a diversidade. Em seguida, com apoio em noções em que percebo os mais significativos pontos de fricção entre o arcabouço teórico da antropologia e a política de proteção ao patrimônio imaterial orientada pelo conceito antropológico de cultura sistema, interação e reflexividade abordo enquanto práticas discursivas os dossiês de registro como patrimônio cultural do Brasil de alguns bens culturais, escolhidos enquanto emblemáticos dos usos dessas noções na efetivação dessa política pública específica, buscando apontar como esses diferentes usos induzem ações de intervenção social orientadas por diferentes princípios e propósitos, ou diferentes posicionamentos ideológicos. / São Cristóvão, SE

Orientador: Carlos Rodrigues Brandão / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T22:02:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Codonho_CamilaGuedes_D.pdf: 2980424 bytes, checksum: 0e19c79e32e1609ca8e75105c132b5d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Este trabalho pretende descrever de que maneira a agricultura orgânica tem congregado cada vez mais pessoas em torno de novas formas de ser e atuar no meio rural, através de variadas motivações. Para tanto, explora-se estudos de caso em associações de produtores orgânicos no sul de Minas Gerais, onde encontramos o que denominaremos de -neorurais locaisII, ou seja, os que já viviam da produção no campo, mas se - converteramII a um tipo de manejo ecológico e os -neorurais forasteirosII, advindos de grandes centros urbanos em busca de um estilo de vida mais harmônico e sustentável em meio à natureza. As associações selecionadas para a pesquisa encontram-se na Serra da Mantiqueira, na microrregião de Pouso Alegre e são elas: Serras Verdes (município de Córrego do Bom Jesus), Orgânicos da Mantiqueira (município de Gonçalves), APANFÉ- Associação de Produtores de Agricultura Natural de Maria da Fé (Maria da Fé) e ECOMINAS- Associação de Produtores Ecológicos do Sul de Minas (com sede em Pouso Alegre, congregando produtores de variadas cidades da região). Como demonstrará o trabalho, são diferenciadas as motivações que levam esses dois tipos de atores sociais a buscarem tais associações, que apesar de se constituírem como lócus de negociações e disputas de múltiplas visões de mundo, possibilitam a convivência dessas pessoas em torno de objetivos comuns, como os de produzir ecologicamente e viabilizar a comercialização de sua produção de forma justa e sustentável. Para além disso, -ser orgânicoII é uma característica que unifica estas diferentes identidades, ganhando destaque em determinados contextos: a do produtor orgânico independentemente de sua origem e classe social / Abstract: This paper intends to describe how the organic agriculture over the years, has been including new producers. Those individuals are motivated to explore new ways to work in the rural life; despite they have many different reasons for doing it. In order to do so, we can analyze the case study in organic producers associations at South of Minas Gerais. There we can find the - neorurais locais (local neorurals)II, which are the individuals that already lived from the work at field, but converted they techniques to the ecological purpose, also the - neorurais forasteiros (foreigner neorurals)II, that arrived from the big urban center areas looking for sustainable and natural lifestyle. The associations selected to the research are located at Serra da Mantiqueira, in the micro-region of Pouso Alegre city. They are: Serras Verdes (city of Córrego do Bom Jesus), Orgânicos da Mantiqueira (city of Gonçalves), APANFÉ- Associação de Produtores de Agricultura Natural de Maria da Fé (Maria da Fé) and ECOMINAS- Associação de Produtores Ecológicos do Sul de Minas (located at Pouso Alegre city, but they consolidate producers from several cities at the region). This paper intends to demonstrate they are many different reasons for each social group to look into the associations, which are far beyond than just a simple business and exchange ideas locus. It also enables the two different groups to stand around them common purposes: the ecological production, and to trade their production fairly but yet, sustainable. Moreover, - be organicII is one of the characteristics that unify those different identities, putting all other contexts aside and giving attention to what really matters: the organic producer, besides their origin and social class / Doutorado / Ciencias Sociais / Doutora em Ciências Sociais

Orientador: Marcos Severino Nobre / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T12:43:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Yamawake_Paulo_M.pdf: 1119334 bytes, checksum: d74d38e916d874c809c796c8d78ac6be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Na década de 1930, Max Horkheimer (1895-1973), como diretor do Institut für Sozialforschung de Frankfurt, organiza um programa coletivo interdisciplinar sobre fundamentos materialistas, no sentido empregado por Marx. Dentre as disciplinas, é notável o papel que Horkheimer dá à psicanálise para a investigação de fenômenos como a ideologia, as transformações sociais e seus bloqueios, bem como a ascensão do nazismo. Reunindo esforços da história, da teoria social e da psicanálise, Horkheimer elabora, no texto "Egoísmo e Movimento de Libertação" (1936), um diagnóstico de tempo baseado na antropologia da época burguesa, que revela qual a "essência" histórica do ser humano produzida pelo capitalismo. Esta pesquisa investiga como Horkheimer realiza esse diagnóstico e como ele fundamenta sua antropologia filosófica. Mas se o materialismo o impede de recorrer a noções idealistas como a de "natureza humana", Horkheimer busca, em conjunto com Erich Fromm (1900-1980), um fundamento para sua antropologia em um conjunto de conceitos da psicanálise que permita abrigar as transformações históricas. A hipótese apresentada pela pesquisa é a de que Horkheimer encontra no conceito de caráter a chave para compreender os traços de comportamento sobre uma perspectiva materialista. Em suma, é este conceito que permite observar a influência da economia na formação da estrutura psíquica individual e que permitirá diagnosticar o caráter típico da época burguesa: um caráter cruel, que exerce violência contra o próprio indivíduo e contra o outro, o que resulta em obediência à autoridade e em ódio contra o estranho (Fremd). Em termos psicanalíticos, é um caráter sadomasoquista, que interioriza a autoridade externa, fortalece o super-Eu, impedindo um desenvolvimento autônomo do Eu / Abstract: In the 1930s, Max Horkheimer (1895-1973), as director of Institut für Sozialforschung of Frankfurt, organizes a collective interdisciplinary program of research on materialist foundations, in the Marx¿s sense. Among the disciplines it is notable the role that Horkheimer gives to psychoanalysis in order to investigate phenomena such as the ideology, the social transformations and its obstacles, as well as the rise of Nazism. By gathering scientific efforts from history, social theory and psychoanalysis, Horkheimer formulates in the essay "Egoism and Freedom Movements" (1936) his time diagnosis based on the concept of anthropology of bourgeois era that reveals the historical "essence" of human being produced by capitalism. In this research we investigate how Horkheimer carries this diagnosis out and how he grounds his philosophical anthropology. If materialism prevents Horkheimer to call on idealistic notions such as "human nature", then he searches in collaboration with Erich Fromm (1900-1980) a basis for his anthropology in the Freudian psychoanalytical concepts. Our research presents the hypothesis that Horkheimer finds in the concept of character the key to understand the human traits in a materialistic sense. In short, the character allows understanding how the economic processes influence the formation of individual psychic structure. Furthermore, it allows seeing the typical character of the bourgeois era: the individual has a cruel character that uses violence against itself and against the other, which results historically in the obedience to authority and hatred against the strange (Fremd). In psychoanalytical terms, it is a sadomasochist character that internalizes the external authority, strengthens the superego, and precludes an autonomous development of the ego / Mestrado / Filosofia / Mestre em Filosofia

Orientador: Mariza Correa / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T01:15:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Passador_LuizHenrique_D.pdf: 15504513 bytes, checksum: ba82e021b1774ffbe8562473e06d4635 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Esta tese é resultado de pesquisas etnográficas realizadas no distrito de Homoíne, Província de Inhambane, no Sul de Moçambique. Visando compreender como se dá a experiência da população local com o HIV/Aids num contexto rural, a partir de suas concepções "tradicionais" sobre as doenças e curas, o trabalho investiga os elementos que constituem o campo reconhecido emicamente como "tradição" e suas conseqüências pragmáticas no trato com a epidemia. Analisando o parentesco, as relações de gênero, a feitiçaria e a medicina tradicional, procura-se demonstrar como as concepções de doenças tradicionais estão associadas a um contexto de predação que tem suas raízes nas guerras que construíram as formas de socialidade na região Sul de Moçambique. Nesse contexto de conflitos que atravessam a história desde o período pré-colonial, as doenças tendem a ser experimentadas pelo viés persistente dessas concepções tradicionais, que associam as enfermidades a formas de predação fundadas no estatuto de alteridade dos agentes sociais que as produzem ou como rupturas de ordens internas ao campo social. A experiência com o HIV/Aids se dá dentro desse cenário, o que interfere nas formas de concepção local da doença e afeta as formas de controle da epidemia / Abstract: This thesis is the result of ethnographic researches conducted in the district of Homoíne, Inhambane Province, southern Mozambique. In order to comprehend the local experience with HIV / AIDS in a rural context through the "traditional" concepts about diseases and healing, the paper investigates the elements that constitute the emic field known as "tradition" and their pragmatic consequences in dealing with the epidemic. Analyzing kinship, gender relations, witchcraft and traditional healing, it seeks to demonstrate how traditional conceptions of disease are associated with a context of predation that has its roots in the wars that built the forms of sociality in the southern Mozambique. In this context of conflicts that pervade the story since the pre-colonial period, diseases tend to be experienced by the persistent bias of these traditional views, that the diseases associated with forms of predation based on the status of alterity of the social agents that produce them or as internal breaks the social order. The experience with HIV / AIDS takes place within that scenario, which interferes with the local ways to conceive the disease and affects the ways to control the epidemic / Doutorado / Doutor em Antropologia Social

L’objet de ce travail est d’analyser les différentes formes de généalogie qui scandent l’itinéraire foucaldien de pensée. Si l’on appelle généalogie la démarche consistant à remettre en cause la prétention de certains discours à l’autonomie, discours de savoir, discours moraux, politiques ou esthétiques, en les ancrant dans des rapports de force au sein desquels ils se constituent, alors il s’agit en effet de montrer que la pensée foucaldienne est de bout en bout animée par un effort généalogique. Il s’agit, par une analyse s’efforçant de ressaisir dans leur détail, leur singularité et leur enchaînement, les différents dispositifs généalogiques successivement mobilisés par Foucault, de montrer que sa pensée ne cesse, explicitement ou non, de se confronter au schème généalogique, de se heurter aux problèmes qu’il pose, d’en proposer des élaborations déterminées, d’entrer à cette fin en débat avec d’autres modèles de généalogie, et de se livrer à de multiples reconfigurations.Ce travail doit ainsi permettre de faire apparaître la généalogie, non plus comme une sorte de méthode générale bien connue, caractérisant une simple « période » de la pensée foucaldienne, mais comme un schème spécifique, fondamental pour comprendre les formes et les évolutions si singulières de cette pensée. Mais il doit également, en faisant apparaître l’œuvre foucaldienne comme un véritable laboratoire pour la généalogie, permettre de mettre en évidence que celle-ci déborde largement la pensée de Foucault ou même celle de Nietzsche, et constitue un des schèmes principaux innervant la pensée depuis Kant, celui permettant sans doute les remises en question les plus radicales, mais aussi celui dont, paradoxalement, l’évidence est la moins questionnée. Une étude des généalogies foucaldiennes doit ainsi pouvoir initier, dans son mouvement même, une réflexion générale sur les formes susceptibles d’être prises par le motif généalogique et sur les types de problèmes qu’il pose. Elle a l’ambition de poser les premières bases d’une épistémologie de la généalogie ou encore d’une grammaire généalogique, préalable indispensable au renouvellement de ce schème si singulier. / The purpose of this work is to analyze the different forms of genealogy that mark the Foucauldian path of thought. If we call genealogy the process of challenging the claim of certain discourses to autonomy, knowledge discourses, moral, political or aesthetic discourses, by anchoring them in the power relations within which they are constituted, then it is indeed a question of showing that Foucault's thought is animated from beginning to end by a genealogical effort. It is a question, by an analysis trying to describe and understand in their detail, their singularity and their sequence, the different genealogical devices successively mobilized by Foucault, to show that his thought doesn’t stop, explicitly or not, to confront the genealogical scheme, to confront the problems it poses, to propose specific elaborations, to enter for this purpose into debate with other models of genealogy, and to engage in multiple reconfigurations.This work should thus make it possible to reveal genealogy, no longer as a kind of well-known general method, characterizing a simple "period" of Foucaultan thought, but as a specific scheme, fundamental to understand the very singular forms and evolutions of this thought. But it must also, by making the Foucault's work appear to be a true laboratory for genealogy, make it possible to highlight that this approach goes well beyond the thinking of Foucault or even that of Nietzsche, and constitutes one of the main schemes innervating thought since Kant, the one that undoubtedly allows the most radical questioning, but also the one whose evidence is paradoxically the least questioned. A study of Foucauldian genealogies must thus be able to initiate, in its very movement, a general reflection on the forms that can be taken by the genealogical motif and on the types of problems it poses. It aims to lay the first foundations of an epistemology of genealogy or a genealogical grammar, an essential prerequisite for the renewal of this unique scheme.

This research examines the practice of Female Genital Mutilation/Circumcision (FGM/C) as a social phenomenon in Singida Region, Tanzania. The aim is to contribute to a deepened cultural anthropological understanding of the function and meaning behind the practice in Singida, and how it reacts to external factors of change, such as human rights-based laws and projects aiming to eradicate FGM/C. This was done by conducting an ethnographic field study, with the help of staff members from the Christian Council of Tanzania (CCT). Through the theoretical framework, aiming to grasp the complexity of FGM/C, aspects such as visible and invisible violence, patriarchal structures, social schemes, anomalies, change and rites, were analyzed on the collected material consisting of semi-structured interviews and participatory observations. From the conducted analysis, it was shown that FGM/C was a deeply imbedded cultural practice which purpose is to (1) enable women to consolidate to womanhood and ensure a full membership in society and (2) cure girls from a disease known as lawalawa. This is because the clitoris is believed to be connected to diseases and to enhance the risk of abnormal behavior that does not belong to womanhood. The thesis shows how lawalawa was fabricated as a reaction towards the ban on FGM/C in Tanzania and how it was used to (unknowingly or knowingly) justify the continuance of the practice. It was also showed that members of societies who engage in FGM/C, are likely to avoid abandoning FGM/C if possible, however change is achievable if it is implemented in a sensitive way with knowledge on local reaction towards external factors of change.

Le champ disciplinaire qui occupe cette recherche est l’anthropologie théologique de l’orthodoxie contemporaine. Il s’agit de mettre en dialogue les angles d’approches de trois auteurs majeurs de la théologie orthodoxe moderne : le théologien russe Vladimir Lossky, le père roumain Dumitru Staniloae et le métropolite grec Jean (Zizioulas) de Pergame. Nous essayons d’analyser l’angle sous lequel chacun de ces trois auteurs développent leur vision anthropologique et dans quelle mesure ils restent fidèles à l’Écriture Sainte et aux Pères de l’Église, étant données les influences philosophiques de leurs écrits. Nous nous proposons d’examiner les éléments particuliers de leur réflexion, leurs rapports avec la théologie orthodoxe des générations passées et leur compatibilité mutuelle. Le plan comporte trois parties : la première partie se propose une incursion biographique et bibliographique. La deuxième partie, analytique, veut confronter la réflexion des trois auteurs sur la question anthropologique, en se concentrant sur la palette thématique suivante : l’homme comme image de Dieu, image trinitaire, liberté, communion et amour. La troisième partie inscrit les approches des trois théologiens dans une vision plus large, en essayant de faire émerger des possibles conséquences dogmatiques que leur anthropologie générerait. / The present thesis aims at studying and confronting different angles of approach of three major authors of modern orthodox theology : the Russian theologian Vladimir Lossky, the Romanian father Dumitru Staniloae and the Greek metropolitan Jean (Zizioulas) of Pergame. The main concern is to analyze the perspectives under which the three authors develop each of their anthropological visions, as well as measuring the extent to which they remain faithful to the Holy Scripture and to the Fathers of the Church, considering the philosophical influences of their respective writings. It is our purpose to examine the particular elements that define their reflections, their rapports with the orthodox theology of past generations and their mutual compatibility. The research is divided into three parts : the first is an overview of the biographical and bibliographical universe of each author. The next part, extensively analytical, confronts points of view of the three authors on the question of anthropology, while placing the center of attention on the following range of topics : man as image of God, trinitarian image, freedom, communion and love. The third part tackles the approaches of the three theologians from a wider perspective, by trying to reveal the possible dogmatic consequences generated by their anthropology. The present research paper closes with biographical appendices followed by an extensive and updated bibliography.

This dissertation is an Investigation into the Tuareg involvement in violent conflict in the Sahara and the Sahel of North Africa from a sociological psychological perspective of unmet human needs. The research begins by establishing the structure and texture of the sociological, psychological, and emotional life patterns of their existence when not involved in violent conflict. This is followed by an examination of the pathology of Tuareg social structures that are engaged in intra and inter communal violence as perpetrators, victims, and bystanders. The first part of the research establishes normal conditions of the sociological life cycle and highlights natural areas of conflict that arise from exposure to rapid and/or external changes to their physical and social environment. The second part establishes parameters of expected damage from trauma, extended conflict, and failure to adapt to rapid environmental, social and political changes. The research methodology relies on a case study format that uses collaborative ethnography and phenomenological inquiry to answer the research questions and validate propositions made from existing literature and pre]existing research. The research questions focus on aspects of the sociological structure and failing psychological and emotional needs that are relevant to the subjectfs involvement in violent conflict. The research propositions are in part shaped from existing knowledge of tribal sociological structures that are related to the Tuareg by ethnicity, environment, and shared psycho]cultural attributes. The expected contribution of this research is the development of an alternative praxis for tribal engagement and village stability operations conducted by the United States Special Operations Command.