Uppsatsen behandlar Anna Lindhagens syn på ett antal samhällsfrågor i relation till dåtidens rådande genuskontrakt, samt hur hennes fokus har förändras över tid. För att kunna få ett konkret källmaterial, är uppsatsen avgränsad till de artiklar som Lindhagen skrev under sin tid som redaktör för den socialdemokratiska kvinnotidningen Morgonbris. Väl för att kunna placera källmaterialet i en större kontext, är det granskat i kombination med Yvonne Hirdmans genuskontrakt, genussystemets logiker samt natur respektive kultur kopplat till kön. Lindhagens artiklar skapar ett nät av fem samhällsfrågor. Dessa är: Arbetarfrågan, Barn och föräldrar, Kvinnors politiska rösträtt, Kriget och freden samt Kultur och Natur. För att besvara uppsatsens frågeställningar har artiklarna granskats efter kvalitativ textanalysmetod och med ett analysverktyg bestående av precisisa frågor till respektive område. Undersökningens resultat visar att Anna Lindhagen skrev till störst del om Barn och föräldrar, vilket kan bedömas som att hon hade övervägande engagemang för den samhällsfrågan. De andra samhällsfrågorna uppkom mer slumpmässigt, antingen när det hade inträffat någon specifik händelse eller en samhällsförändring. Resultatet från undersökningen påvisar att Lindhagens fokus inom Barn och föräldrar låg på skapa bättre levnadsförhållanden för de ensamstående mödrarna. Inom Arbetarfrågan förmedlade hon sin vilja om att bygga upp arbetet på en kollektiv grund där även kvinnan skulle vara en del av arbetsmarknaden. Vad gäller Kvinnors politiska rösträtt, uttryckte Lindhagen att kvinnor ska ha politisk rösträtt och att arbetet för att uppnå detta ska ske tillsammans med männen. Inom Kriget och Freden hade hon ett engagemang för fredsskapande och medkänsla för människor som levde under svåra livisförhållanden. Slutligen ansåg Lindhagen att Kultur och natur var en enhet och att det inte kunde kopplas till ett specifikt kön. Sammanfattningsvis kan det konstateras att Anna Lindhagen förde ett ställningstagande som en kvinna under hennes samtid skulle ta, även om hon inom vissa samhällsfrågor skapade en rubbning på det som Hirdman benämner som genuskontraktet. Lindhagen argumenterade dock skickligt och smidigt och kunde därmed undvika att hamna enligt Hirdmans teori i en konflikt i gråzonen.

Research on Viking Age society is a recurrent subject within the scientific literature, and todays modern views of Vikings might not always have been the same as we think, especially when Viking people and who they were and what they did are discussed. Viking Age women are mentioned in scientific literature throughout history up until today, but have they always been studied in the same way? And why did scientists in the past choose to study, highlight or just mention the Viking Age women in the literature? The focus of this essay are directed to the Viking Age women and how they are presented in scientific literature and how archaeologists choose to study them, which also brings in questions about gender research. By focusing on recent research on Viking Age women, the aim is to get an insight on how gender research has influenced archaeology. This study focuses especially on which impact women studies had on research recently, and which perspectives are important today. The starting point of this study is based on an assertion that Viking Age women studies have been affected by the introduction of gender research to archaeology. Also that recent studies, just as older studies, have been affected by contemporary societal norms.

Syftet med studien är att analysera talet om mobbning som en diskurs i media. Detta genom att göra en jämförelse mellan hur tidningsartiklar ifrån 1970 respektive 2013 framställde mobbning, mobbaren, offret samt de ansvariga för mobbning. Detta för att senare kunna uttyda eventuella diskursförändringar i framställningen, vilken sålunda är den teoretiska utgångspunkten för studien. Vidare har undersökningen genomförts med hjälp av en kvalitativ metod då en förenklad diskursanalys har använts för att närmare studera språket i artiklarna. Totalt har ett urval av 26 artiklar analyserats. Detta genom att identifiera framställningen om mobbning, mobbaren, offret och de ansvariga, för att vidare kunna urskilja de större mönstren i artiklarnas framställning. Studiens resultat visar att det har skett en diskursförändring i framställningen av fenomenet mobbning, mobbaren, offret och de ansvariga. Det framgår i resultatet att artiklarna ifrån 1970 – talet framställer mobbning som ett våldsamt beteende med olika förklaringar till varför mobbning sker medan artiklarna ifrån 2013 framställer mobbning som kränkningar som kan anmälas. Resultatet visar också på en del likheter, exempelvis när det gäller vilka handlingar mobbarna utför, där artiklarna ifrån respektive år pekar på att mobbarna slår och misshandlar offret.

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The 17th century saw a time of great power for Sweden, in some cases called the Swedish empire. This period in Sweden is known as a time where Sweden’s government and state organization became more structuralized. One of the many elements that contributed to this was the process of centralization where more matters were handled by the central government and many laws were standardized throughout the nation. This essay looks at this process through some of the local fire law documents that were written during this time in order to establish a more effective fire prevention system. The aim of the essay thus becomes to analyze these documents to see whether or not they share similarities enough to showcase a centralization process. The key theoretical terms in the essay are organization, participation, central, local, private and public. The last three of these terms will be used partially to analyze how the division of responsibility worked in these laws as this time also saw development in the differentiation of what is public and private respectively. The documents were compared with each other to see whether or not they shared similarities as well as if there was any development in them between the older and newer ones. The conclusion was that the documents do prove that a certain development can be seen. The fire departments organization became much clearer in the later editions of the documents. Centralization can also be seen to a certain extent as some of the laws that came out of Stockholm started appearing in other cities documents as well. Some cities chose to have a different format but still applied some of the same laws as the capital. As a whole, however, there is no evidence to suggest a complete centralization of fire prevention in early modern Sweden. Responsibility did prove to be somewhat equally shared between the population and public officials such as the local fire department.

In 1924 a new law stated that every Swedish municipality had to create one authority containing al the boards that handled child issues. Before 1924 children often was put into fostercare without supervision or auctioned out to the lowest bidders and was used as farmworkers or for housekeeping.This essay will adress the fact that the authorities diden´t always know how well or unwell the children was being treated in fostercare. Many times people with good social and economic status could demand having a fosterchild without the authorities asking to many questions. With the material from Ljungbys local archives containing documents from the early 20th century, newspaper articales and other research this essay will compare and discuss how the authorities acted in different cases based on gender and social class. In this discussion we will focus manly on the children but also on the biologicalparents, the fosterparents and the members of the childrensboard. We will discuss if the authorities really did treat people different in mather of the fact that they are male, female, poor or rich. / Nej

The practice of using X-Ray fluorescence analysis as a method in ar-chaeological, forensic and osteological studies have resulted in a vast amount of data. It is time and cost efficient, and the method of µXRF element analysis has been of great use to archaeologists, forensic an-thropologists and osteologists to understand dietary customs, techno-logical trade patterns, understanding of diagenesis, elemental accumu-lation in bone and more. Moreover, the method has been crucial due to its non-destructive nature since bones and ancient artifacts are fragile and thus a nonde-structive method is preferable. This essay will give the reader an intro-duction to the basics of micro X-Ray fluorescence analysis and will explore the possibilities of trace elements in right (dexter) and left (sinister) thighbones (femur) on a medieval population in Visby Got-land, namely Sankt Hans. The reader will also come to know the fun-damental principles, applications, strengths and weaknesses of mi-croX-Ray fluorescence, as well as its limitations. Keywords: µXRF, non-destructive, data, method, left, right, thigh-bone, elements, analysis.

This thesis has examined the popular rising of September 1855 in Jönköping. The events are called Brödupproret and has its origin in the rising prices in grains and potatoes following new more liberal trading policies. The rising lasted two days, 25-26 of September, starting with an angry crowd outside one of Jönköping´s more famous merchants of grain. The local police force could not control the angry masses and people from the upper class formed a “peace loving” force that tried to calm the protesters. On the second day of the events military forces entered the city and finally terminated the rising. The following judicial process lasted well into the spring of 1856, resulting in 49 people sentenced. Some with a leading role in the uprising had to serve 6 to 8 years of hard labour.Based on E.P Thompson´s theory on moral economy the investigation has analysed protocols from the judicial process that followed the events. The investigated judicial protocol is a printed version of the hand-written original documents. These contains hearings with suspected rioters and witnesses.In short moral economy states that in the pre socialistic era people of all classes had a view that each social class had its responsibilities against the others. For the upper class one of these responsibilities was to keep prices on food on a morally agreeable level. If this responsibility was not fulfilled people had the right to protest. Through a text analysis words that indicate a consciousness of social class, trade with large quantities of grain or potatoes or threats of violence has been searched.Inquiries:What was the aim of the rising?Who was the target of the rising?How did the upper social class react to the events?The examination found that the aim of the uprising was to stop the buying of large quantities of grains and potatoes that had risen the prices and depleted the local market of these products. It was also clear that the merchants and the upper class were the targets and the ones who were blamed for the higher prices. Furthermore, it was found that the upper class reacted by trying to calm the angry masses. Mostly by talking to them or when threatened promising not to buy more grains and thereby raise the price.The thesis concluded that there in Jönköping in 1855 was a consciousness of social class. It also found that people of the working class were aware of what caused the rising prices and who was responsible for it. It is also possible to see what means people saw as a solution to the problem, violence and threats against the upper class. This means that E.P Thompsons theory of moral economy might be applicated on the events in Jönköping 1855.

The existence of the prehistoric cult buildings is a highly controversial subject in archeology. Perhaps the most interesting thing about the discussion is that it is not certain that these buildings existed. Most of the recent excavations have contributed to an increased interest in central places, cult centers and the discovered material associated with mansion-like settlements. Various exclusive discoveries link relevant interpretations and terms to kings and aristocracy. In some cultural contexts the larger magnate complexes during the Iron Age have had a significant importance. The buildings that are considered to have received a great ritual significance are special houses that have been interpreted as cult houses, but also the hall buildings had a significant role in the context of cult. In the interpretation of the Iron Age cult house, there are a number of aspects that should be taken into consideration, and not merely the material findings at the cult houses. The surrounding nature of the buildings is important, since the cult houses were built on settlements, where powerful chiefs of importance to the community lived and worked. Unlike the bronze ages cult houses, the iron age is more easily interpreted, due to several aspects. On the one hand, iron age cult houses are considerably more resourceful, on the other hand, pre-Christian scriptures have contributed to various aspects of the interpretation of the buildings. These interpretations can be questioned as they are not scientific.