This bachelor thesis covers two executional sites on the island of Gotland with focus on the palaepathology among the executed individuals. The aim is to see which pathological changes that occured most often and if they have any correlation between these and these individuals socioeconomic status. To achieve this the author has examined the bones from Galgberget to identify apparent pathological changes on long bones, vertebrates, maxillaries and mandibles. I have also compared the bones from Galgberget with previous analyses from the other executional site in Grötlingbo parish. The most common pathological change that became identified were osteophytes, arthritis and a couple of oral pathologies like calculus and cavities. Osteophytes and arthritis do share a comparability since they both are derived from osteoarthritis which is a denegerative joint disease. Calculus and cavities also share smiliarities, due to the fact that cavities is the first stage before it becomes calculus. No other pathological similarities were found among the two sites. Although the appearances of Schmorl’s nodes were significantly large among the bone assembly from Galgberget. Schmorl’s nodes is a vertebral lesion that may occur in all ages and have different causes. Other common pathological changes identified from Galgberget were skeletal anomalies and enthesopathies. Smiliar to Schmorls nodes, enthesopathy have different causes and often show in a relation to heavy physical work. It can be concluded that the presence of Schmorl’s nodes, skeletal anomalies, enthesopathy and osteophytes do share an equivalence with each other, when you think about how you get these pathological changes in life. With further studies regarding the material from Galgberget, the view of the people who were executed there may have a real potential to change.

In Ancient Egypt, the concept of beauty is well-known and discussed by modern scholars. This concept is known from the old Egyptian language as ‘nfr’. In contrast to this, the term and concept of ancient Egyptian ugliness is neither understood nor analyzed. Since the Egyptians indeed had a perception of societal beauty, then logically, they would have had a perception of ugliness as well. This study aims to uncover the truth about the ugly and grotesque in ancient Egypt, questioning how this would have been expressed and manifested in Egyptian society. The research in this study is conducted through the hermeneutic method of comparison and analyzation, which of mostly is pictorial, however includes some textual evidence as well.

Grisen var en viktig del av kosten för delar av befolkningen i Egypten från den för-Dynastiska perioden och framåt. Trots omfattande benfynd är grisen sällan avbildad eller noterad i egyptisk ikonografi eller litteratur. Den här studien har som mål att beskriva varför grisen sällan var avbildad eller nedtecknad under den Dynastiska perioden från det Gamla Riket fram till det Nya Riket. Det finns flera teorier som beskriver varför grisen är sällan förekommande i bild och skrift från tidsperioden, främst ekonomiska, sociala och kulturella. Dessa teorier beskrivs och analyseras i uppsatsen. Källorna består av tidigare forskning och utgrävningsrapporter: Fynden är i huvudsak gjorda i bosättningar för arbetarklassen. Ett fåtal egyptiska texter och avbildningar med relevans för grisar kommer också att analyseras. Fynd från bosättningar indikerar att grisen var en viktig källa till protein i de byar som dominerades av hantverkare och bönder. Teorier som bygger på att det fanns religiösa eller kulturella tabun mot grisen har knappast stöd av fynd eller andra ursprungliga källor. Istället indikerar frånvaron av grisen i tidens litteratur och andra avbildningar att den hade ett begränsat ekonomiskt värde för den styrande klassen. Det torde vara det huvudsakliga skälet till varför man inte ansåg grisen vara värdig eller relevant att avbilda.

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During the Vendel period the elite started to bury their men and women in the boat graves. The boat graves have been interpreted differently depending on if the graves were made for men or women. But the grave goods have one thing in common. The grave goods, consisted of weapons, jewelry, riding equipment, gaming pieces and hand craft tools, proves that the buried persons belonged to an upper-class with a connection to the religion, the gods and the fertility cult.

Abstract  Alvastra pålbyggnad, en rituell samlingsplats? Alvastra pile dwelling, a ritual gathering place? The aim of this essay is to examine whether or not Alvastra pile dwelling in Östergötland, Sweden was used as a rituell gathering place for people living here during the prehistoric time that is refered to as neolitikum 4000-1700 B.C. This analysis is done by examining the objects that was discovered during the excavations in 1909-1930 and 1976-1980 and by comparing Alvastra pile dwelling to other similar places in Sweden and enclosures called pallisades during this period. The conclusion is that there are objects that can be interpreted to have been part in ritual contexts in connection to Alvastra pile dwelling and thus the place could have function as a ritual gathering place during this period.

The boat-burials in Scandinavia presents several rich findings in the form of boats, possession and their owners. These boat-burials are reviewed in this work through a lens of maritime archaeology, to connect the possible roles held by the boat itself in context with the placement and nature of the burial gifts deposited around and inside the vessel. The burial grounds in Vendel, Valsgärde, Tuna I Badelunda, Ultuna and Old Uppsala are presented to compare and create context between findings to define a common tradition and cosmology involving the boat-burials in question.

Denna uppsats åsyftar att utreda huruvida två spelfilmer, Schindler’s List och La vita é Bella kan ageraundervisningsmaterial för årskurs nio på grundskolan utifrån tre teoretiska begrepp som starkt betonas iLGR11, nämligen historiemedvetande, historiebruk samt källkritik. Det medvetna valet att behandla tematFörintelsen baseras på dess relevans i kursplanens centrala innehåll. Utifrån en nära granskning av blandannat narrativ, scener, dialoger och porträttering av karaktärer har det i uppsatsen framkommit att bådaspelfilmerna erbjuder ett stort tolkningsutrymme och fungerar därför väl i undervisningssyfte. Resultatet av studien är att spelfilmerna aktiverar och stimulerar åskådarens historiemedvetande genomatt de ger uttryck för de olika historiebruken som handlar om hur historia brukas, av vem och i vilket syfte.Historiemedvetandet som kan ses som en dubbel tankeoperation, påverkar den information som inskaffasmen blir samtidigt självt påverkat av den inhämtade kunskapen. Den inhämtade kunskapen behöverdäremot granskas ur ett källkritiskt perspektiv för att historiska felaktigheter inte ska tolkas som korrekta.Källkritiken är viktig för att den sentida människan ska kunna tolkas och förstås utifrån hennes egnapremisser. Detta i förlängning påverkar elevens historiemedvetande, då tolkning av det förflutna påverkarförståelsen av samtiden och uppfattningen om framtiden. / <p>Betygsdatum 2019-01-18</p>

The Norrlandic Slate Culture was a hunter-gatherer culture that emerged in northern Sweden during the transition from the late Mesolithic to the early Neolithic, c. 4200 BC. This paper deals with the Slate Culture’s relation to its neighbouring, contemporary cultures in Norway and Finland, and examines three types of typical finds related to the Slate Culture: enclosures of fire-cracked stones (Swe. skärvstensvall), petroglyphs and slate objects. The conclusion is that the Slate culture found inspiration to these phenomena from its neighbouring cultures and turned them into something of their own.

As a future teacher in history you need to know that you have the task, not only teaching your students about the past, you also have the task to teach your students about values that should permeate our society. How all people should be treated equally, regardless of gender, ethnicity, sexual oritentation or faith. In our Swedish society today, the media has greater impact than before. By that I mean that the Internet, smartphones, and all apps that revolve around social media have grown enormously. Students are influenced by the media every day. It’s also important that the students understand how companies choose to express themselves. Throughout the years, the woman has been seen as a "housewife" while the man was considered to be the one that was supposed to provide the family. I want to investigate how Swedish companies choose to produce the different sexes through their marketing. Briefly, the result was that the company chooses to show gender depending on who the advertisement is intended for. In advertising directed against men, the woman is used as a stereotype woman. But it does not mean that the advertisement is discriminatory. This is where you have to make a distinction between what is stereotypical and what is discriminatory. The interesting thing is that the woman in the first advertisements is produced as a housewife. In today's society when the norms have changed, she has left the housewife role but is still being represented as the typical woman.