För att spara tid och pengar i ett utvecklingsskede av en applikation, kan med fördel redan befintliga teknologier användas. För att skapa en arkivapplikation där användaren kan titta på och tanka hem arkiverat material utan för stora tidsförluster så krävs teknologier som klarar detta. Teknologin måste även klara av att hantera stora mängder data då arkivering av webben gör att datamängderna i arkivet hela tiden ökar. En teknologi som uppfyller kriterierna i OAIS-modellen som är en standard för arkivering och som kan hantera stora mängder data är NoSQL-databaser. Dessa finns i olika utföranden och är olika svåra att hantera. Denna studie har fokuserat på två populära dokumentbaserade NoSQL-databaser som är lätta att installera och relativt enkla att hantera. Vilken av dessa två NoSQL-databaser är då lämpligast för en applikation som skall lagra webbinnehåll? Frågan besvaras genom ett experiment vars inriktning är att utröna hur de två NoSQL-databaserna fungerar som arkivmedium. Utifrån studiens analys kan svaret ges att de fungerar olika bra i olika situationer. Skall applikationen användas för att lagra relativt små filer i form av PDF eller TXT så är MongoDB det bästa valet av de två. Om det däremot skall hanteras större filer så är CouchDB det bättre valet.

The aim of this thesis in Archival Science was to explore the concept of electronic archives and the challenges that might be encountered when attempting to move archives into a new digital age, as well as having a closer look at the term e-archive itself. Another aim was to explore how the OAIS reference model works in practice.To explore these questions I decided to do a case study on E-Arkiv Stockholm, a functioning e-archive. I decided to do a study on several documents that were created throughout the project, these included documents related to the planning of the archive, as well as the final report. My reason for this method was that these docu-ments came straight from reality and would give a clear and unbiased view of the project and it’s many aspects.Examination of the documents showed that the OAIS reference model and its concepts had been the foun-dation of much of the planning. Thoughts and planning on the matter of digital preservation are also based in the model, with a focus on migration and conversion of digital material as a means to ensure it’s lasting existence, as well as keeping a close eye on the technical development of both hardware and software. I also reached the con-clusion that the concept and term e-archive is not so much about re-inventing archival policies and theory as it is about keeping true to already existing practices in a new digital environment. With a special focus on preserva-tion, as digital preservation might, both now and in the future, prove to be much more of a challenge then the preservation of more traditional media.This is a one-year masters thesis in archival science.

För att utöva en vattenverksamhet krävs i princip alltid ett tillstånd. Dessa tillstånd har beroende på prövningsmyndighet och gällande lagstiftning haft olika benämningar, bland annat utlåtande, tillståndsbeslut och vattendom. Syftet med studien är att beskriva hur vattendomar arkiveras och är tillgängliga för att kunna hanteras vid fastighetsbildning. Detta då det i dag inte finns någon liknande sammanställning.  Metoderna som tillämpats i studien avser en kvalitativ undersökning som har utförts i form av intervjuer med myndigheter som håller arkiv med tillstånd för vattenverksamheter samt sakkunniga från andra aktörer, en enkät riktad till förrättningslantmätare med erfarenhet av vattendomar och juridisk metod. Den juridiska metoden syftade till att ge en bild av rättsläget och dess förändring avseende vattenverksamhet samt erhålla en djupare förståelse för vilka typer av tillstånd som meddelats historiskt. Avsikten med intervjuundersökningen var att klargöra vilka myndigheter som är arkivmyndigheter i dag samt vad de förvarar i sina arkiv och hur handlingarna är sökbara. Detta kompletterades med en enkät riktad till förrättningslantmätare för att erhålla en bild av hur vattendomar hanteras i fastighetsbildning.  Resultaten av studien visar att vattenrätten har reglerats i ett flertal lagstiftningar genom åren, de första redan under medeltiden och senaste förändringen var när miljöbalken inrättades. Vidare visar resultaten hur komplex situationen är på grund av antalet arkivmyndigheter och historiska förändringar vad gäller tillståndsprövningen och de myndigheter som utfört den. Tillstånd till vattenverksamhet har historiskt sett meddelats genom förrättningar, domstolsdomar eller andra myndighetsbeslut och dessa finns förvarade i olika arkiv beroende på när i tiden tillstånden utfärdades och vilken typ av verksamhet de gäller. Slutsatserna utifrån resultaten är att det i dag inte finns något tydligt tillvägagångssätt för att söka information om vattendomar. Tillgängligheten varierar beroende på var tillståndet är arkiverat samt vilket typ av tillstånd det gäller. Inga tillstånd är per definition otillgängliga, däremot kan det vara väldigt svårt att spåra somliga. / To exert a water enterprise, an official permission almost always is required. Depending on the authority which issued the permit and the legislation under which it was announced, these permits had different names. For instance, verdict, permit order and water rights court ruling. The purpose of the study is to describe how water rights court rulings are archived and how they are available to be handled in connection with property formation.  The methods applied in the study concerns a qualitative research carried out in the form of interviews with authorities keeping archives of water rights as well as experts from other organizations, a survey directed to cadastral surveyors and a legal method. The legal method was to provide a picture of the legal situation and its change related to water enterprise and obtains a deeper understanding of the types of permits issued historically. The purpose of the interview study was to clarify which authorities keep archives, what they keep in their archives and how documents are searchable. This was supplemented with the survey to obtain picture of how water rights are handled in property formation. No such compilation has previously been made.  The results of the study shows that water rights have been regulated in several laws over the years, initially in the Middle Ages and the latest change took place when the Swedish Environmental Code was established. Furthermore, the result indicates how complex the situation is due to the number of archive authorities and historical changes of the examining authorities. Permissions for water enterprise have historically been noticed via cadastral procedures, judgements or other official permissions, and the permissions are stored in various archives depending on when the permits were issued and what type of water enterprise they concern. The conclusions from the results are that today there is no clear approach how to search for documents regarding water rights court rulings. Availability varies depending on where the permits are archived and which type of permit it is. No permit is by definition inaccessible, however, it can be very difficult to locate some.

This thesis examines how images are used and evaluated in a Swedish archival context. Images as of today are very common in society. They are nearly everywhere, particularly in our phones and computers. Therefore the written word is slowly losing it's sovereignty as a carrier of information. With this background the study examines if the images role also have changed in an archival setting. The following work is a qualitative research study that examines three Swedish archives: the Regional State Archive in Uppsala, Swedish Labour Movement's Archives and Library in Stockholm and the Centre for Business History in Stockholm. Furthermore the study examines how the institutions organize images and how they make them accessible for the public. It also examines what role the image play as a carrier of information in the archive. In more general terms the study also investigates what function the image can have for people in society. The comparison of the archival institutions is a methodological foundation for this study. Semi- structured interviews were conducted with archivists from the three institutions and works as the main source. For the analysis this study uses document theory and a few concepts derived from Terry Cook's archival theory, namely evidence, memory, identity and community. In terms with the previous research made on the subject this study comes to the result that images have different terms for archiving than other materials, most specifically papers documents. The examined archival institutions are today using the same tools for organizing images as they use for other documents. This can have negative effects on the ability the image has as a carrier of information. In the long run this could cause the image to become a marginalized part of the archive as a whole. The conclusion this mater's thesis presents is that the image has a potential as a source of information. Especially for groups that aren't previously represented in the archive through traditional paper documents. The image may therefore contribute to the archival pluralism and diversity, as long as the images are treated with the terms they demand as an archival document. This is a two years master's thesis in Archival Science.

This thesis has focused on digital born personal archives; how they are different from analog paper archives and possible ways to overbridge these differences. It is also studied how archivists and librarians are dealing with digital archives, what they think about new proactive solutions when collecting private papers and collections and positive and negative effects with this way to work. The thesis is delimitated to only private collections and digital created material. It do not concern digitized material or electronic documents in government or business organizations. The challenges in digital curation and administration are discussed in aspect of the Records Continuum Model. The empirical material is also put in relation to research in Personal Information Management and identity theory. Two qualitative methods have been used, a case study of an authors personal electronic archive and five deep-going interviews with archivists and librarians working with personal collections in university libraries. This study shows that many difficulties and problems displayed in the electronic archive could be solved in the future with a more proactive approach and early cooperation with the collector. By educating and informing creators of personal records about file formats, archival structure and the need of them to engage in their own collection, more personal digital records could be preserved. Librarians and archivists are imagining more proactive work in the future but are also asking for other solutions. A lot of the challenges united with electronic personal archives are associated with lacking continuity which is a reason to use the Records Continuum Model to explain and work with personal digital collections. This is a two year master’s thesis in archival science.

The aim of this one-year master thesis in archival science was to examine how municipalities take regulations concerning public records into account when they use Facebook. Another aim was to examine the involvement of archivists, registrars or similar staff in the management of the regulations. Since Swedish archival theory and practice has a close connection to the application of these regulations, such an examination was hopefully going to reveal tendencies of importance for archival science. The method used to collect information was a web questionnaire and the result was based on answers from 21 municipalities with an official Facebook page. The questionnaire showed that six of the municipalities regarded documents originating from their Facebook page as public records. Three did not, and a large group had not yet decided how to treat these documents. Only three municipalities did archive documents from Facebook. The involvement of archivists, registrars and similar personnel was generally very small, even though regulations concerning public records had more often been taken into account in the municipalities that had informed this personnel about the use of an official Facebook page. The difference in management between the municipalities was together with the demand for national guiding principles indicating difficulties in applying the regulations to social medias like Facebook. The fact that most of the municipalities that had taken the regulations into account had come to the conclusion that Facebook generated public records, together with the fact that national guiding principles presented during the work with this thesis had the same interpretation, indicated that documents originating from Facebook will be a part of Swedish public records in the future. The difference in management and the demand for guidance also indicated a need for better division of responsibilities and a more active approach in the future, to ensure that the regulations concerning public records are taken into account early and correctly when authorities starts to use new medias.

<p>What traces of their actions are the Building Corporations in Sweden leaving in their archives and are they followingsome archival policies? This thesis is trying to answer that question. For that reason 25 archives fromSwedish Building Corporations have been investigated concerning their size, contents and age. Furthermore apoll performed by the Swedish National Archives in cooperation with the Swedish Employers’ Confederationhas been analyzed. As a complement to these investigations some people responsible for the archives at SwedishBuilding corporations have been interviewed about their companies’ archival policies.The result of this study is, sadly enough, that the Swedish Building Corporations are neglecting their archives.Most of the archives that were studied are very small, less than half a running metre. A few builders of thegeneration born in the late nineteenth century have left more or less extensive archives, but they were very poorlyorganized. But generally the will to build up archives for the need of the future researchers and for the culturalheritage seems to be very poor in the Building Corporations, even poorer than in the Swedish companies in general.Almost no archival strategies could be discerned, other than that most companies preserve their record onlyfor that time the law and their own immediate needs prescribe. That is a shame, concerning the Building Corporations’importance for the cultural heritage in that that the buildings they are making are forming our culturalenvironment.This is a two years master’s thesis in Archival Science.</p>

<p>The aim of this one-year master thesis in archival science was to examine how municipalities take regulations concerning public records into account when they use Facebook. Another aim was to examine the involvement of archivists, registrars or similar staff in the management of the regulations. Since Swedish archival theory and practice has a close connection to the application of these regulations, such an examination was hopefully going to reveal tendencies of importance for archival science. The method used to collect information was a web questionnaire and the result was based on answers from 21 municipalities with an official Facebook page. The questionnaire showed that six of the municipalities regarded documents originating from their Facebook page as public records. Three did not, and a large group had not yet decided how to treat these documents. Only three municipalities did archive documents from Facebook. The involvement of archivists, registrars and similar personnel was generally very small, even though regulations concerning public records had more often been taken into account in the municipalities that had informed this personnel about the use of an official Facebook page. The difference in management between the municipalities was together with the demand for national guiding principles indicating difficulties in applying the regulations to social medias like Facebook. The fact that most of the municipalities that had taken the regulations into account had come to the conclusion that Facebook generated public records, together with the fact that national guiding principles presented during the work with this thesis had the same interpretation, indicated that documents originating from Facebook will be a part of Swedish public records in the future. The difference in management and the demand for guidance also indicated a need for better division of responsibilities and a more active approach in the future, to ensure that the regulations concerning public records are taken into account early and correctly when authorities starts to use new medias.</p>

What traces of their actions are the Building Corporations in Sweden leaving in their archives and are they followingsome archival policies? This thesis is trying to answer that question. For that reason 25 archives fromSwedish Building Corporations have been investigated concerning their size, contents and age. Furthermore apoll performed by the Swedish National Archives in cooperation with the Swedish Employers’ Confederationhas been analyzed. As a complement to these investigations some people responsible for the archives at SwedishBuilding corporations have been interviewed about their companies’ archival policies.The result of this study is, sadly enough, that the Swedish Building Corporations are neglecting their archives.Most of the archives that were studied are very small, less than half a running metre. A few builders of thegeneration born in the late nineteenth century have left more or less extensive archives, but they were very poorlyorganized. But generally the will to build up archives for the need of the future researchers and for the culturalheritage seems to be very poor in the Building Corporations, even poorer than in the Swedish companies in general.Almost no archival strategies could be discerned, other than that most companies preserve their record onlyfor that time the law and their own immediate needs prescribe. That is a shame, concerning the Building Corporations’importance for the cultural heritage in that that the buildings they are making are forming our culturalenvironment.This is a two years master’s thesis in Archival Science.

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