Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-18 / A inteligência é a capacidade que o ser humano tem de se adaptar ao meio.As habilidades cognitivas são utilizadas para uma inserção social mais efetiva.O objetivo da presente tese é identificar as habilidades cognitivas promotoras de uma melhor inserção social da criança com Autismo Infantil e Síndrome de Asperger em dois momentos de avaliação,com intervalo de doze meses.Vinte e uma crianças,com idade entre 3 e 12anos e diagnóstico de Autismo Infantil e Síndrome de Asperger,foram avaliadas e suas respectivas mães foram entrevistadas.As crianças estavam inseridas em contexto educacional e/ou sendo atendidas em instituição especializada em Autismo.Doze meses após a primeira avaliação,as mesmas crianças, participaram da segunda avaliação.Em entrevista individual as mães forneceram os dados sobre habilidades adaptativas respondendo a Vineland-VABS(Sparrow,Balla,Cichetti,1984)e sobre características comportamentais respondendo o ABC/ICA(Krug, Arick, Almond, 1993).Cada criança foi avaliada individualmente,por psicóloga experiente na aplicação de testes psicológicos e treinada no teste de nível intelectual Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale 4ed(Thorndike, Hagen, Sattler,1986).Este instrumento avalia o desempenho intelectual de crianças e fornece uma estimativa do nível cognitivo geral e das habilidades cognitivas nas quatro áreas avaliadas:Raciocínio Verbal, Raciocínio Visual-Abstrato,Raciocínio Quantitativo e Memória de Curto Prazo.Os resultados mostraram que crianças com Autismo Infantil e Síndrome de Asperger apresentaram desempenho inferior no teste de avaliação cognitiva Stanford-Binet(Thorndike et al,1986)quando comparado ao desempenho de crianças e adolescentes inseridos em escola regular(Marteleto,Chiari,Perissinoto,2009).Nas duas avaliações habilidades cognitivas específicas se apresentaram altamente correlacionadas com domínios adaptativos específicos das crianças com AI e SA. Na primeira avaliação as Áreas e Total do Stanford-Binet se correlacionaram com os Domínios de Comunicação, Habilidades de Vida Diária, Socialização e Total da Vineland p<0,05).Doze meses depois houve correlação entre as Áreas e Total do Stanford-Binet com os Domínios Comunicação,Habilidades de Vida Diária,Socialização,Habilidades Motoras e Total da Vineland(p< 0,05).No decorrer de um ano, as habilidades cognitivas envolvidas no Raciocínio Quantitativo e Memória de Curto Prazo promoveram uma melhor inserção social das crianças com AI e SA. / The objective of this dissertation is to identify the cognitive abilities that promote a better child social insertion with Autism and Asperger in a 12 month period. A total of 21 children between 3 and 12 years old, diagnosed as Autism and Asperger, were assessed and their mothers were interviewed. Children were included in regular schools or attending special Autistic schools. A period of 12 months after the first assessment, the same children took part in the second stage of this research. In individual interviews the mothers provided the data about adaptive abilities and behavior characteristics giving answers to the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales – VABS (Sparrow, Balla, Cichetti, 1984) and the Autism Behavior Checklist – ABC/ICA (Krug, Arick, Almond, 1993). Each child was individually assessed, by an experienced psychologist, trained in the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale 4th Edition (Thorndike, Hagen, Sattler, 1986). This instrument estimates the general cognitive level and the pattern of the cognitive abilities in the four assessed areas: - verbal reasoning, visual abstract reasoning, quantitative reasoning, and short-term memory. The results showed that Autism and Asperger children were presented a worse performance than that of children in regular schools. The two assessments demonstrated that specific cognitive abilities and specific adaptive domains presented high correlations. In the first assessment, the Stanford Binet areas and total were correlated with the Communication domains, Daily life abilities, Socialization and Total score of the Vineland Scale (p < 0,05). One year later, there was a correlation between the Stanford Binet areas and total and the Communication domains, Daily life abilities, Socialization, Motor abilities and total score of the Vineland Scale (p < 0,05). In a year’s time the logic mathematics and memory cognitive abilities promoted a better social insertion in children with Autism and Asperger. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

Submitted by Maykon Nascimento (maykon.albani@hotmail.com) on 2014-09-18T20:09:18Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao.Vilmara.texto.pdf: 1524279 bytes, checksum: 27ae60bfc07bd2ccb5d698516bbc1328 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elizabete Silva (elizabete.silva@ufes.br) on 2014-11-20T19:03:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao.Vilmara.texto.pdf: 1524279 bytes, checksum: 27ae60bfc07bd2ccb5d698516bbc1328 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-20T19:03:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao.Vilmara.texto.pdf: 1524279 bytes, checksum: 27ae60bfc07bd2ccb5d698516bbc1328 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender as ações pedagógicas constituídas por uma unidade municipal de ensino de Vitória/ES, visando ao processo de inclusão escolar de uma criança com Síndrome de Asperger no contexto da Educação Infantil. Contou com as contribuições teóricas dos estudos da matriz histórico-cultural e de autores dedicados a estudar a infância, como Kramer, Sarmento, Aries, dentre outros, bem como de pesquisadores interessados em investigar os pressupostos da Educação Especial em uma perspectiva inclusiva. Como aporte teórico-metodológico, apoiou-se no estudo de caso do tipo etnográfico que advoga pela possibilidade de, por meio da pesquisa científica, produzir conhecimento sobre a realidade social. O trabalho de pesquisa foi realizado em uma unidade municipal de Educação Infantil de Vitória/ES, envolvendo uma criança com Síndrome de Asperger, professores, pedagogos, dirigente escolar e responsável pelo estudante investigado. O processo de coleta de dados se efetivou no período de março de 2013 a setembro de 2013. O pesquisador esteve de uma a duas vezes por semana no campo de pesquisa, participando das observações em sala de aula, em espaços para planejamento e formação continuada e também observando momentos informais na entrada, recreio e saída dos alunos. Para a organização do estudo, trabalhou com quatro eixos: a) ações implementadas em favor do processo de inclusão escolar de alunos com Síndrome de Asperger no contexto da Educação Infantil; b) proposta pedagógica do CMEI “Alegria da Cinderela”: espaços de planejamento, formação e utilização dos apoios pedagógicos para a inclusão escolar; c) concepções dos profissionais envolvidos na pesquisa e da família sobre a inclusão escolar da criança com Síndrome de Asperger; d) principais possibilidades e/ou dificuldades encontradas pela unidade de ensino mediante o processo de ensino-aprendizagem da criança com Síndrome de Asperger. Como resultados, a pesquisa aponta: a importância de pensar nessas crianças como sujeitos de direitos e capazes de aprender; a necessidade de investimentos na formação inicial e continuada de professores para que os estudantes tenham maiores possibilidades de aprender; a urgência de o professor assumir a inclusão escolar como um movimento ético comprometido com a formação e com o reconhecimento da diversidade/diferença humana; a necessidade de reconhecer o cotidiano da Educação Infantil como um rico espaço para todas as crianças se desenvolverem e produzirem conhecimentos com seus pares e por meio das mediações pedagógicas dos professores. / This study aims at understanding the pedagogical actions taken by a municipal school in the City of Vitoria, ES, Brazil regarding the school inclusion process of a child with Asperger Syndrome in the elementary school setting. The study relied on theoretical contributions of the historical-cultural matrix studies and authors dedicated to studying childhood, such as Kramer, Sarmento and Aries, among others, as well as researchers interested in investigating the premises of Special Education from an inclusive perspective. As theoretical-methodological basis, it is grounded on ethnographic case-study, which advocates that, through scientific research, it is possible to produce knowledge about social reality. The investigation was carried out in a municipal elementary school in the City of Vitoria, ES, Brazil, involving a child with Asperger Syndrome, teachers, pedagogues, school principal and the child's parent (or guardian). Data gathering took place between March 2013 and September 2013. The researcher was once or twice a week in the field, participating in class observation, class planning and teacher continuing education, as well as observing informal moments such as entrance, break time and leaving. The study was organized in four lines: a) actions implemented in favor of the school inclusion process for students with Asperger Syndrome in the preschool setting; pedagogical plan adopted by CMEI “Alegria da Cinderela”: Space for planning classes, training and use of pedagogical support for school inclusion; C) conceptions by professionals involved in the study and by the family, regarding Asperger Syndrome; d) main possibilities and/or difficulties found by the school in the learning-teaching process of a child with Asperger Syndrome. The results show the importance of thinking about these children as individuals with the right and capability to learn; the need of investing on initial and continuing education of teachers, so as students have higher chances of learning; urgency of teachers to take school inclusion as an ethical movement committed to education and recognition of human diversity/difference; recognition of elementary school everyday life as a rich space for children to develop and produce knowledge with their peers through teaches’ pedagogical mediation.

La straordinaria attenzione sociale e culturale che nelle ultime decadi si è rivolta alla diagnosi di autismo/sindrome di Asperger chiama a una riflessione più ampia per contestualizzarne levenienza come oggetto culturale. Il presente lavoro muove in tale direzione, proponendosi di individuare le coordinate sociali, istituzionali e culturali che hanno portato a una simile esposizione delle disabilità relazionali. Storia quindi dello spettro autistico e sua preistoria, ovvero ricerca su come le forme della non conformità alle attese dellaltro nellinterazione in presenza siano state tematizzate, anteriormente al modello medico e ai suoi albori. A fianco della ricerca storica si è inoltre cercato di sostanziare il discorso di contestualizzazione culturale dello spettro autistico in quellambito settoriale dei Disability Studies che sono i Critical Autism Studies attraverso una ricognizione degli autori e dei temi. / A extraordinária atenção social e cultural que nas últimas décadas tem se dado ao diagnóstico do autismo/síndrome de Asperger convida a uma reflexão mais ampla para contextualizar o seu acontecimento como objeto cultural. É nesta direção que se move o presente trabalho, buscando identificar as coordenadas sociais, institucionais e culturais que levaram a tal exposição da deficiência relacional. Fala da história do espectro do autismo e sua pré-história ou a investigação sobre como as formas de não-conformidade com as expectativas da interação na presença do outro foram contextualizados, antes do modelo médico e em seus primeiros dias. Além disso, também têm procurado articular o discurso da contextualização cultural do espectro do autismo na area dos estudos sobre a deficiência chamada Critical Autism Studies por meio de um levantamento analítico dos autores e dos temas.

Människor med Asperger syndrom har svårt att få och behålla en anställning trots ringa funktionsnedsättning. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka hur personer med Asperger syndrom upplever sin situation på arbetsmarknaden, hur diagnosen påverkar deras möjlighet att få och behålla en anställning samt vilket stödbehov de har för en framgångsrik anställning. I studien intervjuades fem personer med Asperger syndrom utifrån deras upplevelser. Resultatet analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet visade att respondenterna upplevde både diagnosens styrkor och svagheter som påverkar deras möjlighet vid en anställning. De upplevde även vissa hinder för att få en fungerande anställning. Vidare nämns även de förutsättningar som de upplever krävs för att få en anställning att fungera både för arbetsgivare och myndigheter. Resultatet visade att personer med Asperger syndrom upplever en viss problematik för dem på arbetsmarknaden, en stor del av problemet bottnar i okunskap och fördomar om diagnosen. För att få personer med Asperger syndrom att känna sig mer inkluderade på arbetsmarknaden behöver kunskapen om diagnosen bli högre samt en rad insatser som lyfter fram deras styrkor snarare än svagheter. Detta genom bättre förståelse från omgivningen, både arbetsplatser och myndigheter, men även behovet av en djupare förståelse för vad diagnosen innebär för individen själv. Med en djupare förståelse och rätt insatser av myndigheter kan mycket bli vunnet.

El trabajo de enfoque cuantitativo y nivel descriptivo, tuvo como objetivo comparar el índice de Pensamiento estratégico del Grupo asperger (G-ASP, n=10, m edad=27.50) y neurotípico (G-NTP, n=10, m edad=25.40) frente a patrones fijos (ASP/C-NTP/C) y variab (...) / Tesis

Research shows that there is a gap between interest and experience in the area of sexuality for individuals with autism. Also, although these individuals have unique learning requirements pertaining to their sexuality, there is no consensus on the provision and content of such education. Using a socially inclusive theoretical lens founded on existing models of disability and competence, this bilingual study (a) developed a conceptual framework of sexuality education, as understood by adolescents living in Ontario with a diagnosis of high-functioning autism and their caregivers; (b) used extant texts to support the conceptualization provided by youth and caregivers; and (c) identified personal strengths and barriers, as well as societal supports and barriers that impact sexuality education for these youth. Using a qualitative orientation, this study employed in-depth interviews, surveys, and a literature review to better understand the topic under investigation. Twenty participants from 8 families took part in these interviews, including 9 adolescents and 11 caregivers. Survey and extant textual-analysis data were used to support the findings. Sexuality education content was conceptualized as a combination of facts and sociosexual norms, with emphasis on outcomes. Additionally, safety and pleasure were identified as important content areas, including the historically absent aspect of shared enjoyment. Some content areas were part of a greater discourse of normalization. Sexuality education was seen as a combination of formal and informal activities that are developmentally appropriate, proactive, and take place across various settings and groupings. Caregivers were cited as the primary providers of informal education, whereas schools and other community partners were seen as formal providers of education. Various supports and barriers were identified, some of which were viewed as both. Themes related to media and technology pervaded all findings. This study provides further emic and etic understanding of the subject with implications for practice, policy, and theory.

This thesis examines young people’s preferences for social interaction with others perceived to be similar and different, and school staff’s interpretations of the young people’s social behaviour. The issue is explored with reference to a tension between social inclusion, the principle of embracing difference, and homophily, the sociological concept that similarity breeds connection. The idea of examining the two notions together was given by an analogy from aesthetics: as inclusion is understood as an ethical obligation to embrace difference, it may come into tension with people’s actual preferences for social interaction that can be represented by homophily. The project, influenced by personal construct psychology, focused on participants’ perceptions of similarity and difference. The tension was explored empirically using scenarios to conduct in depth semi-structured interviews with young people with Asperger syndrome, visual impairment and without disabilities, and school staff from mainstream and special settings. As the tension was expected to have an ethical dimension, the methods were influenced by research in moral psychology. According to the findings, homophily was consistent with the experiences of the participants in the study, and inclusion was considered to be an ethical obligation. The data also suggested that homophily and inclusion can come into a tension. This tension is evident in education, as students with disabilities or other differences might express a preference to be among similar others. School staff then would face the tension of respecting their preferences or enforcing inclusion, something that young people stressed would show lack of respect. As homophily can also conceal discrimination, the tension was not easily resolved. The matter is related to school policies about difference but, since it cannot be fully resolved by them, it can be related to a particular ethos that would recognise the role of open dialogue. Theoretically, the homophily/inclusion tension is one between individuality and commonality. It can challenge our understanding of what the ethical obligation to inclusion actually entails, and what treating the students respectfully should mean. Overall, it questions the justice of inclusion and opens a debate about participatory decision-making and democratic school management. The practical significance of the study can be located in the implications of the tension in the everyday school life. The particular approach to inclusion that the study suggests can be translated into appropriate training activities for the management of difference at school level. It can also inform school policies of inclusion and difference to acknowledge students’ preferences and tensions of values.

The project of my diploma thesis Fragile Line is a continuation of my bachelor thesis Limits of Normality in which I compiled part of the drawn black and white imaginary world of a 10-year old boy Jára with Asperger syndrome and created its colourful 3D visualisation. Fragile Line is for me some imaginary border between the real world and Jára`s fictional world. In my diploma work I created three planets from Jára`s space system, intentionally I used different technology and range of colours for each of them because children like disparity and variety.

ABSTRACTMargareta Jablonska (2009). ”Man vågar inte dö”. En kvalitativ undersökning om föräldrar till barn med autism, upplevelse av vardagen. ("We dare not die." A qualitative study of parents of children with autism experience of everyday life.) Skolutveckling och ledarskap, Specialpedagogik, Lärarutbildningen, Malmö högskola.Syftet med denna undersökning är att belysa oro och förhoppningar hos föräldrar till barn som bedöms inom autismspektrat, samt beskriva deras upplevelse av vardagliga svårigheter, för att få en djupare förståelse för och förbättring av familjens situation. Jag har valt att göra kvalitativa halvstrukturerade intervjuer. I min undersökning har fyra familjer berättat om sina upplevelser om hur det är att leva med ett barn med funktionshinder som i detta fall är autism. Alla barn har olika grader av svårigheter. Det finns stor variation i symptomen och individuella skillnader. Utöver autism har barnen Downs syndrom, Rett syndrom och utvecklingsstörning. Hur föräldrarna reagerade på diagnosen och hur det har påverkat deras liv har varit väldigt individuellt och beroende av omständigheterna. Föräldrarnas berättelser visar vikten av snabb diagnostisering. Barn med autism har en väldigt utmanande karaktär som ofta kan vara svår att hantera. Från Socialstyrelsens rapport (2005) och min undersökning framkommer att situationen för föräldrar till barn med autism ofta leder till stress, oro och kris. Föräldrarna berättar om sin ständiga kamp för att lagen ska respekteras samt om stor misstro mot myndigheter och andra professionella, vilket leder till oro för barnens framtid, när föräldrarna inte längre finns. Föräldrarna hoppas ändå att barnen får den bästa möjliga hjälp och den vård de är i behov av och har rätt till.

Research conducted on video modeling has shown that these strategies are most effective when they include specific strategies to address conversation skills. Social skills research has also shown that teaching social skills to adolescents in group settings may be more effective than presenting them on an individual basis. Adolescents with Aspergers Syndrome (AS) and High functioning Autism (HFA) participated in a12-week Social Skills Training (SST) program. In addition to pre-and post-study measures, conversation skills data were collected before and after the application of the independent variable (video modeling). Follow-up interviews were also conducted with participants, secondary participants, and parents of the primary participants. After a two-week baseline phase, participants attended weekly social skills training and received the treatment of video modeling with videos found on YouTube. This established pre-existing social and conversation skills and enabled the measurement of changes over the course of the 12 week program. After post intervention data were collected, additional data were collected with participants and secondary participants, neuro-typical peers, as a measure of treatment generalization. This study proposed that presenting social skills videos found on YouTube, would be effective in increasing levels of initiation, responses and conversation skills, thereby increasing communication effectiveness and reducing social rejection by peers. Although some gains in conversational skill levels were observed by most participants in the study significant increases in conversation skill levels were not observed in both ASD only group settings or of the ASD neuro-typical mixed group setting.