Os sistemas de avaliação ambiental de edifícios são cada vez mais empregados no mercado de construção, servindo de suporte para a realização de diversos estudos acadêmicos sobre esta matéria. Muitos autores e sites ressaltam os benefícios das certificações LEED e do Processo AQUA, porém poucos discutem quantitativamente os efeitos, dificuldades e motivos de sua adoção, evidenciando, dessa forma, a necessidade e a importância de pesquisas como esta. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo geral traçar um panorama da certificação ambiental de edifícios no Brasil, através da percepção dos principais intervenientes (stakeholder) no processo. Os objetivos principais deste trabalho consistem na identificação das motivações para a certificação de sistemas de avaliação ambiental de edifícios (LEED e Processo AQUA) e dos benefícios e dificuldades inerentes a sua implementação. Foi possível ainda efetuar várias recomendações destinadas a orientar e facilitar o processo de adoção destes sistemas, que inclui a proposta de ações a serem desenvolvidas pelas empresas, organismos de certificação e autoridades governamentais competentes. O método utilizado foi de pesquisa survey, junto a vários agentes envolvidos no processo de certificação ambiental. Para tal, foram concebidos diferentes questionários destinados a caracterizar a adoção dos sistemas de avaliação ambiental de edifícios que foram encaminhados aos empreendedores e consultores de empreendimentos certificados ou em processo de certificação. Obtiveram-se em total 21 questionários válidos que indicaram que as principais motivações para obter a certificação estão ligadas à melhoria da imagem e do empreendimento e que os principais benefícios estão relacionados com o marketing e a redução dos custos operacionais. Estes resultados também indicaram que existem dificuldades para essa adoção principalmente com a falta de integração no processo de projeto e a falta de fornecedores para materiais e tecnologias sustentáveis. / The building environmental assessment systems over the world are employing increasingly and we can find several studies concerning this subject. Many authors and websites emphasize the benefits of LEED and Process AQUA, but few discuss quantitatively the impacts, difficulties and reasons for its adoption, showing thus the need and importance of research like this. In this context, this paper aims to outline a general overview of the environmental certification of buildings in Brazil, through the key stakeholders perception (stakeholder) of the process. The main targets of this work were to identify the motivations for the environmental assessment systems for buildings and the corresponding benefits and difficulties concerning of implementation. It was also possible to make some recommendations to orientate and support the adoption of environmental assessment systems for buildings. These recomendations include the identification of actions to be implemented by companies, certification bodies and governmental authorities. In order to accomplish the defined targets, it were developed surveys which can lead to characterize the adoption of environmental assessment systems for buildings (LEED and AQUA Process). These survey was sent directly to entrepreneurs and consultants of a sample of brasilian companies with building certified or certification process (LEED and AQUA Process). It was received 21 answers that indicated that the main motivations for certification are linked to improving the image and building and that the main benefits are related to marketing and reducing operating costs. These results also indicated that there are difficulties in adopting this especially with the lack of integration in the design process and the lack of suppliers for materials and sustainable technologies.

No description available.

The pollution of the aviation industry is often identified as a main contributor toward climate change, justified by the immense amounts of greenhouse gasses emitted during a flight. Therefore, it is inevitable that the aviation industry acts toward decreasing emissions of flights for mitigation of the climate crisis. Altering the maneuvers by pilots can have an instant effect on emissions by optimizing fuel efficiency. This paper investigates the pilots’ perspectives on what opportunities and barriers there are to implement a self-assessment system for fuel efficiency in aviation. Furthermore, potential challenges that exist from an organizational point of view were studied. To answer the research questions, a case study approach was taken at a Scandinavian airline where thirteen pilots and other relevant stakeholders were interviewed, and literature review was established. The result was later analyzed using the Unified Technology Acceptance and Use model (UTAUT) and Diffusion of Innovation theory (DOI). The results show that pilots' generally have a positive attitude toward self-assessing fuel efficiency and find it interesting to see that their comprehension of what they do to be more fuel efficient concur with reality. Furthermore, they are positive toward any initiative that can increase their performance in safety or fuel use, since it was consistently stated that pilots are proud of their profession and want to improve if facts are presented. However, they want the interface to be concise with brief information with the possibility to go more in-depth if they feel the need to. As it is being launched, they want clear information regarding the software, it’s use and sufficient training in order to efficiently use it. The pilot barriers are that many senior pilots have been subjected to earlier implementations that have been bad in communication with insufficient information. In the discussion we propose that communication is key for a successful implementation along with a training session with the purpose of explaining the application and communicating possible benefits of using it. / Föroreningen från flygindustrin identifieras ofta som en stor bidragande effekt till klimatförändringar, motiverad av de stora mängder växthusgaser som släpps ut per person under en flygning. Det är därför oundvikligt att flygindustrin agerar för att minska utsläppen från flygoch ha en mindre påverkan på klimatförändringarna. Genom piloters manövrar kan man omedelbart påverka utsläppen genom att optimera bränsleeffektiviteten. Denna rapport undersöker piloternas perspektiv på vilka drivkrafter och motsättningar som finns för att införa ett själv-bedömande system för bränsleeffektivitet inom flygindustrin. Dessutom studerades potentiella utmaningar ur ett organisationsperspektiv. För att besvara forskningsfrågorna användes en fallstudie vid ett skandinaviskt flygbolag där tretton piloter och andra relevanta intressenter intervjuades och en litteraturstudie genomfördes. Resultatet analyserades senare med hjälp av Unified Technology Acceptance and Use Model (UTAUT) och Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DOI). Resultaten visar att piloter generellt har en positiv inställning till att själv utvärdera bränsleeffektiviteten och finner det intressant att se att deras uppfattning om hur de kan vara mer bränsleeffektiva överensstämmer med verkligheten. Dessutom är de positiva till alla initiativ som kan öka deras prestationer vad gäller säkerhet eller bränsleanvändning, eftersom det konsekvent framhölls att piloter är stolta över sitt yrke och vill förbättra sig om fakta presenteras. Dock vill de att gränssnittet ska vara koncist med kortfattad information och möjlighet att gå ner i djupet om de känner behov av det. Vid lansering önskar de tydlig information om programvaran, dess användning och tillräcklig utbildning för att kunna använda den effektivt. Piloternas hinder är att många äldre piloter har utsatts för tidigare implementationer som har brustit i kommunikationen med otillräcklig information. I diskussionen föreslår vi att kommunikation är nyckeln till en framgångsrik implementering, tillsammans med en utbildningssession med syfte att förklara applikationen och kommunicera fördelar med att använda den samt för att reda ut eventuella missuppfattningar.

Enligt FN använder byggsektorn 40 % av de globala resurserna (UNEP - Buildings, 2017).Byggbranschen har stor inverkan på dagens samhälle och på byggarbetsplatser cirkulerar mångakemiska ämnen. JM använder liksom övriga i sektorn mycket byggmaterial. Materialet som användskan innehålla kemikalier som är skadliga för människa och miljö, det vill JM ändra på. JM strävarefter att fasa ut material med farliga egenskaper men kommunikationen med tillverkare ochleverantörer försvårar i vissa fall arbetet.Syftet med rapporten är att undersöka vilka alternativ JM har för att komma fram till smidigarelösningar vid byte av material och att undersöka hur kommunikationen är mellan JM och tillverkarna.Målet med studien är att komma fram till smidiga lösningar för hur JM snabbare och enklare skakunna byta ut material till mer miljövänliga alternativ.För att komma fram till ett resultat har författarna till rapporten genomfört intervjuer, litteraturstudieroch gjort efterforskningar i JMs miljövarudatabas. Resultatet av studien är att kommunikationenmellan JM och leverantörerna kan förbättras, från båda sidor. Det framkom också att ett effektivt sättatt byta ut produkter till mer miljövänliga är att regelbundet ha kontakt med leverantörerna. Ytterligareett sätt för att ta fram en miljövänlig produkt är att flera branschledande företag arbetar tillsammans. / According to the UN the building sector uses 40 % of the global resources (UNEP - Buildings, 2017).The construction industry has a major impact on the society and on building sites there are manychemical substances in circulation. Like the rest of the sector JM uses a lot of construction materials.The used material may contain chemicals that are harmful to humans and the environment which issomething that JM wants to change. JM strives to eliminate the use of materials with hazardouscharacteristics but the communication with suppliers and subcontracts complicates the work, in somecases.The purpose of the report is to investigate what options JM has in order to find flexible solutions formaterial replacement and to investigate how the communication is between JM and the manufacturers.The aim of the report is to achieve a solution for how to JM faster and more simply should exchangematerials with more environmentally friendly alternativesTo achieve a result the researchers of this report have conducted interviews, literature studies andinvestigations in JMs environmental product database. The result of the study is that communicationbetween JM and the suppliers could improve from both sides. It was also found that an effective wayto switch products to more environmentally friendly alternatives is to keep a regularly contact with thesuppliers. Another way to develop an environmentally friendly product is through the cooperation ofseveral industry-leading companies.

Academics encounter problems with the selection, evaluation, testing and implementation of e-assessment software tools. The researcher experienced these problems while adopting e-assessment at the university where she is employed. Hence she undertook this study, which is situated in schools and departments in Computing-related disciplines, namely Computer Science, Information Systems and Information Technology at South African Higher Education Institutions. The literature suggests that further research is required in this domain. Furthermore, preliminary empirical studies indicated similar disabling factors at other South African tertiary institutions, which were barriers to long-term implementation of e-assessment. Despite this, academics who are adopters of e-assessment indicate satisfaction, particularly when conducting assessments with large classes. Questions of the multiple choice genre can be assessed automatically, leading to increased productivity and more frequent assessments. The purpose of this research is to develop an evaluation framework to assist academics in determining which e-assessment tool to adopt, enabling them to make more informed decisions. Such a framework would also support evaluation of existing e-assessment systems. The underlying research design is action research, which supported an iterative series of studies for developing, evaluating, applying, refining, and validating the SEAT (Selecting and Evaluating an e-Assessment Tool) Evaluation Framework and subsequently an interactive electronic version, e-SEAT. Phase 1 of the action research comprised Studies 1 to 3, which established the nature, context and extent of adoption of e-assessment. This set the foundation for development of SEAT in Phase 2. During Studies 4 to 6 in Phase 2, a rigorous sequence of evaluation and application facilitated the transition from the manual SEAT Framework to the electronic evaluation instrument, e-SEAT, and its further evolution. This research resulted in both a theoretical contribution (SEAT) and a practical contribution (e-SEAT). The findings of the action research contributed, along with the literature, to the categories and criteria in the framework, which in turn, contributed to the bodies of knowledge on MCQs and e-assessment. The final e-SEAT version, the ultimate product of this action research, is presented in Appendix J1. For easier reference, the Appendices are included on a CD, attached to the back cover of this Thesis.. / Computing / PhD. (Information Systems)

This study comprises, with emphasis on the most striking tensions, the path of professors´ training in Distance Learning (DL) in Sergipe, under the aegis of the principle of democratization - with access, retention and quality. It signs proposals for improvements to these courses that have as leading institution the Federal University of Sergipe (Universidade Federal de Sergipe, UFS) within the Program Open University of Brazil (Universidade Aberta do Brasil, UAB) of the Federal Government. The case study carried out in Polo |Senador Júlio César Leite| - Estância - SE - used a qualitative approach that drew upon for quantitative data to deepen the analysis of the studied phenomenon. This triangulation - document analysis, use of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews conduction - were the procedures used to validate the results of this research. This paper notes the existence of a suitable context for the implementation of the mentioned program and the choice of ways of access consistent with the principles of the program aimed at achieving the working class. Tensions as the culture of the students x the new culture, approval x disapproval, presence x absence contributed to the withdrawal of many on this learning journey. Different findings were made, including large failures in the Assessment System and in the Communication System. If this reality is already delicate face the limits of the system of reverse evaluation, it gets worse with a communication system that is nothing more than just information, rather than relation and knowledge. It was paid, however, a high price: the individualized learning, marked by loneliness and suffering. UFS through DL, is far from contributing as it should to the democratization of Higher Education in the state. The access was taken care, but it was forgotten to take care of the permanence of students and the quality of the provided services. It is necessary to ensure quality from the principles of equal access, retention and results. Expanding training opportunities for those who often do not have them in its conventional form is increasingly accepted and demands a set of requirements, but the involvement of people - participants in this training process - is the most important. / O presente estudo compreende, com ênfase nas tensões mais marcantes, o percurso de formação de professores na Educação a distância (Ead) em Sergipe, sob a égide do princípio da democratização - com acesso, permanência e qualidade. Sinaliza proposições de melhorias para estes cursos que têm como instituição formadora a Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS) dentro do Programa Universidade Aberta do Brasil (UAB) do Governo Federal. O estudo de caso realizado no Polo Senador Júlio César Leite - Estância-SE utilizou-se de uma abordagem qualitativa que se valeu de dados quantitativos para o aprofundamento da análise do fenômeno estudado. Esta triangulação- a análise de documentos, a aplicação de questionários e a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas- foram os procedimentos utilizados para validar os resultados desta pesquisa. Este trabalho constata a existência de um contexto adequado para a implantação do referido programa e a escolha de formas de acesso coerentes com os princípios do programa que visam atingir à classe trabalhadora. Tensões como a cultura dos estudantes x a nova cultura, a aprovação x a reprovação, a presença x a ausência contribuíram para a desistência de muitos neste itinerário de formação. Diferentes constatações foram feitas, entre as quais avultam falhas no Sistema de Avaliação e o Sistema de Comunicação. Esta realidade se já é delicada frente aos limites do sistema de avaliação às avessas e que nada ou muito pouco faz de inovador e efetivo em favor da qualidade dos cursos ofertados, ela se agrava com um sistema de comunicação. Este muitas vezes não passa de um sistema de apenas contatos e informação, em vez de comunicação/relação e conhecimento. Pagaram, todavia, um preço alto: a aprendizagem individualizada, marcada pela solidão e pelo sofrimento. A UFS, por meio da Ead, está longe de contribuir como deveria com a democratização da Educação superior no estado. Cuidaram do acesso, mas se esqueceram de cuidar da permanência de seus estudantes e da qualidade dos serviços prestados. Faz-se necessário assegurar a qualidade a partir dos princípios do acesso com igualdade, permanência e resultados. Ampliar oportunidade de formação para quem, muitas vezes, não as têm na sua forma convencional é cada vez mais aceito e exige um conjunto de exigências, mas o envolvimento das pessoas - partícipes nesse processo de formação - é o mais importante.

Academics encounter problems with the selection, evaluation, testing and implementation of e-assessment software tools. The researcher experienced these problems while adopting e-assessment at the university where she is employed. Hence she undertook this study, which is situated in schools and departments in Computing-related disciplines, namely Computer Science, Information Systems and Information Technology at South African Higher Education Institutions. The literature suggests that further research is required in this domain. Furthermore, preliminary empirical studies indicated similar disabling factors at other South African tertiary institutions, which were barriers to long-term implementation of e-assessment. Despite this, academics who are adopters of e-assessment indicate satisfaction, particularly when conducting assessments with large classes. Questions of the multiple choice genre can be assessed automatically, leading to increased productivity and more frequent assessments. The purpose of this research is to develop an evaluation framework to assist academics in determining which e-assessment tool to adopt, enabling them to make more informed decisions. Such a framework would also support evaluation of existing e-assessment systems. The underlying research design is action research, which supported an iterative series of studies for developing, evaluating, applying, refining, and validating the SEAT (Selecting and Evaluating an e-Assessment Tool) Evaluation Framework and subsequently an interactive electronic version, e-SEAT. Phase 1 of the action research comprised Studies 1 to 3, which established the nature, context and extent of adoption of e-assessment. This set the foundation for development of SEAT in Phase 2. During Studies 4 to 6 in Phase 2, a rigorous sequence of evaluation and application facilitated the transition from the manual SEAT Framework to the electronic evaluation instrument, e-SEAT, and its further evolution. This research resulted in both a theoretical contribution (SEAT) and a practical contribution (e-SEAT). The findings of the action research contributed, along with the literature, to the categories and criteria in the framework, which in turn, contributed to the bodies of knowledge on MCQs and e-assessment. The final e-SEAT version, the ultimate product of this action research, is presented in Appendix J1. For easier reference, the Appendices are included on a CD, attached to the back cover of this Thesis.. / Computing / PhD. (Information Systems)

The present study examines ChatGPT-3's ability to generate code solutions for introductory programming courses in computer science and the potential implications for academic integrity. An experiment was conducted where ChatGPT was tested on programming problems from Kattis, an automatic software grading tool for computer programs, used in higher education. The results showed that ChatGPT independently could solve 19 out of 127 programming tasks assessed by Kattis. The study’s results also show that ChatGPT could generate accurate code solutions for simple problems on Kattis but encounters difficulties with more complex programming tasks. A qualitative follow up investigation was also carried out. To provide comments on methodology and discuss cheating in higher education concerning programming courses the two teachers were interviewed. The Kattis system is considered to have useful features for preventing cheating, such as hidden test cases, but it also has limitations in detecting AI-generated code. The report concludes by discussing the implications for various stakeholders, including teachers, students, and researchers. / Studien undersöker ChatGPT-3:s förmåga att generera kodlösningar för grundläggande programmeringskurser inom datavetenskap och de potentiella konsekvenserna för akademisk integritet. Ett experiment utfördes där ChatGPT testades med programmeringsproblem från Kattis, ett automatiskt rättningsverktyg för datorprogram som används inom högre utbildning. Resultaten visade att ChatGPT självständigt löste 19 av 127 programmeringsuppgifter som bedömdes av Kattis. Studien konstaterar att ChatGPT kan generera korrekta kodlösningar för problem med låg svårighetsgrad enligt Kattis, men stöter på svårigheter med mer komplexa programmeringsuppgifter. En kvalitativ uppföljningsundersökning genomfördes även där två lärare från KTH intervjuades för att ge sina kommentarer om metodvalet och diskutera fusket inom högre utbildning när det gäller programmeringskurser. Kattis-systemet anses ha användbara funktioner för att förhindra fusk, såsom dolda testfall, men har också begränsningar när det gäller att upptäcka AI-genererad kod. Rapporten avslutas med att diskutera implikationerna för olika intressenter, inklusive lärare, studenter och forskare.