El objetivo del presente trabajo es correlacionar las conductas de riesgo y representación de estilos de apego en adolescentes. La muestra estuvo conformada por 177 escolares cuyas edades oscilan entre 12 y 17 años. Los instrumentos empleados fueron el Cuestionario de Evaluación Cognitiva de Eventos de Riesgo (Fromme, Katz & Rivet, 1997) y la Versión Reducida del Cuestionario CaMir para la evaluación del apego adaptado a Perú (Valenzuela, 2014). Los resultados indican que se ha encontrado una correlación inversa, baja y significativa entre Seguridad: Disponibilidad y apoyo de figuras de apego con Conductas agresivas (r = -.189, p < .05), Conductas académicas irresponsables (r = -.199, p < .05) y Conductas sexuales de riesgo (r = -.149, p < .05). / The purpose of this work was to correlate risk behaviors with the representative attachment styles among adolescents in a school in Lima. Participants were 177 adolescents ranging in age from 12 to 17 years. Two instruments were used to measure the variables: the CaMir-R (Valenzuela, 2014) and the CARE (Fromme, Katz & Rivet, 1997). The results showed that there is an inverse, low and significant correlation between Safety: Availability and attachment figure supports with Aggressive behaviors (r = -.189, p < .05), Irresponsible academic behaviors (r = -.199, p < .05) and Risky Sexual Behaviors (r = -.149, p < .05). On the other hand, there were significant, direct and low correlation between the factors. / Tesis

The purpose of this study was to examine reasons for living in people with secure, avoidant, and anxious/ambivalent romantic attachment styles. Romantic attachment style was assessed by use of the Adult Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ). Reasons for living were assessed using the Reasons for Living Inventory (RFL). The independent variables were gender and romantic attachment style. The dependent variable was the RFL score. Participants included 235 male and female students from a southeastern university. A brief demographic questionnaire, the RFL (Linehan,M., Goodstein, J., Neilson, S., & Chiles J., 1983), and the AAQ (Hazan & Shaver, 1987), were administered in electronic format on-line. A 3 (attachment style) X 2 (gender) Analysis of Variance with unequal cell sizes was used to test for main and interaction effects. The significance level was set at .05. Implications of findings and suggestions for future research were discussed.

Romantic relationships (RR) regarding attachment styles and theory have been widely studied, whereas platonic relationships (PR) have received comparatively less attention in research. This study aims to explore two hypotheses: (1) individuals exhibit more avoidant behavior in platonic relationships rather than anxious behavior, and more anxious behavior in romantic relationships than in platonic ones; (2) attachment styles in platonic relationships manifest uniquely and can exist independently of romantic attachment. This research aims to better understand the way that attachment differs between both relationship types. Through a quantitative study involving a survey with a 5-point Likert scale measuring attachment, administered to college-aged students and others, the data analysis supported the prediction that anxiousness is higher in RR than in PR and avoidance is higher in PR than in RR. As for the second hypothesis, the data did not fully support that attachment styles exist uniquely in both relationship types. This research helps contribute to a better understanding of how attachment differs between RR and PR.

The aim of this study was to test whether criminogenic needs change over the course of a cognitive-behavioural sexual offender-specific treatment programme (ROS) within a group of adult, incarcerated or on probation, male sexual offenders in Sweden. To measure criminogenic needs 25 offenders completed Locus of Control of Behaviour Scale (LCB), 26 Hypersexuality Behavior Inventory-19 (HBI-19) and 25 respectively 27 completed Relationship Scale Questionnare (RSQ), 2-factor. Therapists rated 46 sexual offenders using The Therapist Rating Scale-2 (TRS-2). The results demonstrated that participants showed non-significant increased internal locus of control, significant decreased hypersexual thoughts and behaviours (small to medium effect size), but no change regarding attachment styles, post-treatment. Results from The Therapist Rating Scale-2 showed that therapists rated significant decrease in all criminogenic needs post-treatment with medium to large effect size. Conclusions are that ROS appears to be effective, inducing change in criminogenic needs. ROS’s specific elements targeting sexual self-regulation seems to be successful resulting in significant reduction of hypersexual thoughts and behaviours, especially for participants with severe problems. Implications of results are discussed and theoretically analyzed from a perspective of cognitive theory, learning theory, attachment theory and affect theory. / Studiens syfte var att undersöka förändring i kriminogena behovsområden hos en grupp sexualbrottsdömda män som under sin verkställighet på anstalt eller inom frivård medverkat i Kriminalvårdens KBT-baserade behandlingsprogram ROS. För att mäta förändringen fyllde 25 deltagare i Locus of Control of Behaviour Scale (LCB), 26 stycken Hypersexuality Behavior Inventory-19 (HBI-19) och 25 respektive 27 stycken Relationship Scale Questionnaire (RSQ), 2-faktormodellen, före och efter behandling. Behandlarna bedömde förändring hos 46 deltagare enligt The Therapist Rating Scale-2 (TRS-2). Resultaten från deltagarnas självskattningsformulär visade att deltagarna efter behandling fick en icke-signifikant ökning av intern kontrollokus. Tankar och beteenden kopplade till hypersexualitet minskade signifikant med liten till medelstor effekt. Det gick inte påvisa förändring vad gäller relationsstilar. Resultaten av TRS-2 visade att behandlarna bedömde att det hade skett en signifikant förändring i positiv riktning med medel till stor effekt vad gäller samtliga kriminogena behovsområden. Slutsatsen är att ROS verkar vara effektivt genom att åstadkomma förändring inom kriminogena behovsområden. De specifika element i ROS som adresserar sexuell självreglering tycks vara lyckosamma då tankar och beteenden kopplade till hypersexualitet reducerats signifikant, särskilt för deltagare med svårast problem. Implikationer av resultaten diskuteras och analyseras teoretiskt utifrån kognitiv teori, inlärningsteori, anknytningsteori och affektteori.

Submitted by Adriana Alves Rodrigues (aalves@espm.br) on 2018-10-09T16:25:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MPCC - GIOVANNA ARAGÃO ANTONINI.pdf: 1888963 bytes, checksum: 1d8ecd33db3c9d86ada1ccf7e82104dc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Alves Rodrigues (aalves@espm.br) on 2018-10-09T16:26:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MPCC - GIOVANNA ARAGÃO ANTONINI.pdf: 1888963 bytes, checksum: 1d8ecd33db3c9d86ada1ccf7e82104dc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Debora Cristina Bonfim Aquarone (deborabonfim@espm.br) on 2018-10-09T18:21:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MPCC - GIOVANNA ARAGÃO ANTONINI.pdf: 1888963 bytes, checksum: 1d8ecd33db3c9d86ada1ccf7e82104dc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-09T18:21:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MPCC - GIOVANNA ARAGÃO ANTONINI.pdf: 1888963 bytes, checksum: 1d8ecd33db3c9d86ada1ccf7e82104dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-23 / The number of amateur runners and the value of sportswear market is growing in Brazil, making the study of these market and community even more important. The purpose of this work is to understand how this group establish long-term relationships with sportswear brands considering their brand attachment styles. To address this objective, a bibliographic research was made. It focused on the relationship marketing concepts evolution until the appropriation of attachment concept, originally born in psychology studies. This research also covers the definition of brand attachment and its differences versus other marketing constructs and an explanation regarding brand attachment characteristics and brand attachment styles. Scales used in other studies were adapted to be applied in a quantitative research with amateur runners (340 valid answers). The results show that, in the same way as the overall population, inside the amateur runners community, the persons have different brand attachment styles. The style has a significant influence in individuals’ brand preference for closeness and in their characteristics of attachment. A segmentation per brand attachment style of amateur runners and the description of each segment according to their preference for closeness and attachment characteristics is the main contribution of this work. The segments names are: loyal, anxious, distrustful and fearful. Anxious runners get attached more intensively, while the distrustful group does not get that much attached. Overall, all segments seek for closeness to the brand, but the distrustful group is the exception. Hedonism and nostalgia are attachment characteristics appreciated by all segments. It is important to highlight that demographic and sports routine characteristics are not discriminants among the segments. It is expected that this work enriches brand attachment styles theory and provides insights for companies to evolve on their relationship marketing strategies. / O crescimento da prática de corrida de rua e do mercado de artigos esportivos no Brasil torna o estudo desse público e mercado cada vez mais relevante. Diante disto, o propósito desta dissertação é entender como este grupo estabelece relacionamentos de longo prazo com marcas esportivas considerando seus estilos de apego a marcas. Para isso, foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica que abordou a evolução de conceitos dentro de marketing de relacionamento até a apropriação por marketing do conceito de apego a marca que teve origem na psicologia. São abordados também a definição de apego a marca e sua diferença em relação a outros constructos de marketing de relacionamento e uma explanação sobre características do apego a marca e também sobre estilos de apego a marca. Escalas utilizadas em outros estudos foram adaptadas para uma pesquisa exploratória com corredores amadores (amostra: 340 respondentes válidos). Com os resultados obtidos, pode-se dizer que, assim como na população geral, dentro do grupo corredores amadores existem indivíduos com diferentes estilos de apego a marca. O estilo de cada um possui relação significativa na preferência por aproximação de marcas e nas características de formação do apego. Este trabalho traz como contribuição uma segmentação de corredores amadores por estilo de apego a marca e a descrição de cada segmento de acordo com preferência por aproximação e características de apego. Os segmentos foram nomeados como leais, ansiosos, desconfiados e medrosos. Corredores ansiosos se apegam com maior intensidade à marca, enquanto desconfiados se apegam menos. No geral, todos buscam aproximação à marca, menos os desconfiados. Hedonismo e nostalgia são características de apego que todos possuem. É importante ressaltar também que características demográficas e de prática esportiva não são discriminantes nesses segmentos. Espera-se que esta dissertação enriqueça os estudos sobre estilos de apego a marcas e forneça insumos para empresas melhorarem suas estratégias de marketing de relacionamento.

The attachment system is activated when a threat is perceived in the environment. Attachment style differences moderate the levels of this activation. Whereas anxiously attached people are more hypervigilant to attachment-related stress, avoidant people have an ability to suppress their attachment related thoughts under stressful conditions. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the subliminal presentation of threat and attachment figure primes interfere with the cognitive task performance of participants with different attachment styles. It was hypothesized that anxious participants would perform worse than secure and avoidant participants under both conditions of attachment-related threat and attachment figure primes. Avoidant participants were expected to perform poorly only when a threat prime is followed by an attachment figure prime. The securely attached participants were expected to perform better than the other attachment groups. University students (N = 225) filled out a questionnaire package including the measures of attachment figure names (WHOTO), attachment anxiety and avoidance (The Experiences in Close Relationships, ECR) / and they were administered computerized Signal Detection and Stroop tasks representing cognitive attentional performance in the laboratory. The results showed that attachment avoidance was a significant predictor of decreased cognitive performance, and attachment anxiety makes people vulnerable to cognitive performance decline only under certain circumstances of attachment system activation. Attachment security was identified to make individuals immune to the effects of threat or attachment figure availability priming on cognitive performance. The findings were discussed considering previous work and implications for cultural differences.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of an Attachment-Oriented-Psychoeducational-Group-Training on the preoccupied/insecure attachment style of university students. This study consists of two phases. In the first phase of the study, Relationship Scales Questionnaire (RSQ), Relationship Questionnaire (RQ), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSS), and an Information Form were given to the 755 third year METU students. The differences among the attachment styles (RSQ and RQ) of the participants by gender and self-esteem levels (RSS) were explored by using a 2 (gender) x 2 (high-low self-esteem) factorial MANOVA. Results showed significant self-esteem differences in fearful, preoccupied and secure subscale scores in RQ and RSQ and gender differences in fearful, preoccupied and secure subscale scores of RSQ and RQ. These results indicated that students who had lower self-esteem scored significantly higher in fearful and preoccupied subscales of RSQ while students who had higher self-esteem had statistically significant higher mean scores in secure attachment subscales. No significant differences were found between the insecure/avoidant subscale scores of the high and low self-esteem group students. Results showed that females scored significiantly higher in fearful attachment style of RQ and RSQ. Male students scored significiantly higher in both preoccupied subscales of RQ and RSQ and in secure attachment subscale of RSQ. In the second phase, the Attachment-Oriented-Psychoeducational-Group-Training was implemented to the experimental group of 11 volunteered preoccupied subjects. The control group consisted of 8 preoccupied students. The control group subjects did not receive any training. Both experimental and control groups were given Relationship Scales Questionnaire and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale at pre-test, post-test and follow up. Non-parametric statistical analyses of Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney U test were employed to the RSQ and RSS scores of the subjects to assess the effect of the Attachment-Oriented-Psychoeducational-Group-Training. The results showed that experimental group subjects&amp / #8217 / secure attachment subscale scores have increased from pre-test to posttest but not pre-test to follow up or posttest to follow up tests of both RSQ and RSS. A significant difference was found between pre and follow up tests scores of RSS for control group.

摘要 本研究旨在探討幼兒的依附關係、語文智能及人際智能與心智理論能力之關係，以及人口變項(性別、年齡與社經地位)與心智理論能力之關係。研究參與者來自台北縣市公私立幼稚園四至六歲之幼兒，共124位。本研究所採用之研究工具分為三部份，分別為：「幼兒心智理論能力測驗」、「幼兒依附關係量表」、「幼兒多元智能檢核表」－語文智能分量表、人際智能分量表。調查所得資料分別以描述統計、單因子多變量變異數分析、典型相關、區別分析等統計方法進行分析。本研究的主要發現如下： 1.男、女生之間在語文智能、人際智能上有顯著的差異存在，而在依附關係方面則沒有差異;女生在語文智能、人際智能上均優於男生。 2.人口變項方面，不同性別、中高社經地位的幼兒在心智理論能力上沒有差異存在;不同年齡的幼兒在心智理論能力上有顯著的差異存在;以六歲組高於五歲組、四歲組，四歲組為最低。年齡愈高者，其心智理論能力的表現愈好。 3.幼兒的心智理論能力表現不因其所屬依附類型不同而產生差異，且不同程度的安全型依附、矛盾型依附及逃避混亂型依附之幼兒，在心智理論能力上亦沒有差異。 4.不同語文智能的幼兒，其心智理論能力有差異;語文智能愈高，其心智理論能力的表現愈好。 5.不同人際智能的幼兒，其心智理論能力有差異存在。人際智能愈高，其心智理論能力的表現愈好。 6.幼兒的安全依附、語文智能及人際智能與其心智理論能力之各測試作業有正相關，且語文智能與錯誤信念作業的關係最為密切。 7.幼兒的安全依附、語文智能及人際智能有效聯合預測心智理論能力的組別。 最後，本研究依據上述的研究結果進行討論，並提出相關建議，以供親職教育、教育輔導、教學及後續研究之參考。 / Abstract The main purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between preschoolers’ attachment styles, verbal intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, demographic variables, and their theory of mind. The participants included 124 4- to 6-year-old children from kindergartens in Taipei city. The employed instruments in this study were The Tasks of Preschoolers’ Theory of Mind, The Inventory of Preschoolers’ Attachment Styles, and two subscales from The Inventory of Multiple Intelligences--verbal intelligence and interpersonal intelligence. The applied analysis methods included descriptives, one-way MANOVA, canonical correlation, and discriminant analysis. The main findings of this study were as follows: 1. While the girls outperformed the boys in both the verbal and the interpersonal intelligences, no significant gender differences on attachment styles were found. 2. There were no significant gender differences or SES differences on the preschoolers’ theory of mind. However, there were significant age differences on the preschoolers’ theory of mind; more specifically, the 6-year-old children outperformed the 5-year-old and the 4-year-old children on the tasks of theory of mind. 3. The preschoolers’ performances on the tasks of theory of mind did not vary as their attachment styles were different. 4. Verbal intelligence and Interpersonal intelligence had significant effects on the preschoolers’ theory of mind. In other words, the better verbal intelligence and Interpersonal intelligence the children had, the higher level their theory of mind were. 5. The preschoolers’ secure attachment style, verbal intelligence, and interpersonal intelligence were positively related to their theory of mind, and their verbal intelligence had the strongest relation to their theory of mind. 6. The preschoolers’ secure attachment style, verbal intelligence, and interpersonal intelligence could jointly predict their theory of mind. Finally, after discussion, the researcher proposed some suggestions for educational instruction and future studies.

Notre recherche a pour objectif de montrer que le modèle de l’attachement adulte constitue un facteur de vulnérabilité psychologique explicatif de la dépression des femmes et de son évolution sur deux aspects : la perturbation de la régulation émotionnelle (stratégies d’attachement) et l’insécurité des représentations des liens d’attachement passés (expériences parentales) et actuels (styles d’attachement amoureux et interpersonnel). Il s’agit de déterminer aussi les liens existants entre la personnalité des femmes déprimées et l’attachement adulte. Nous portons un intérêt plus spécifique à l’évolution des liens entre la dépression et les styles d’attachement (stabilité ou modification) durant l’hospitalisation. Les résultats principaux de notre étude indiquent des liens significatifs entre la dépression et l’insécurité des stratégies (à dominance préoccupée), des représentations des expériences passées (préoccupée et non résolues) et des styles d’attachement (à dominance craintive) amoureux et interpersonnel. Quant aux femmes déprimées ayant un trouble de personnalité, elles sont davantage préoccupées dans les représentations des relations actuelles. Enfin, les résultats montrent que seul le style d’attachement interpersonnel secure se modifie en fonction de la diminution de la dépression durant l’hospitalisation tandis que l’ensemble des styles d’attachement amoureux reste stable. Ces résultats permettent de mettre en évidence des caractéristiques psychopathologiques spécifiques chez les femmes déprimées concernant la perturbation de la régulation émotionnelle (hyper-activation des affects en lien avec les « troubles psychopathologiques internalisés », stratégies défensives de détachement, difficultés de mentalisation) et les représentations insécurisées des liens d’attachement passés (focalisation excessive sur les relations parentales, ambivalence, dépendance, expériences traumatiques) et présents (anxiété affective et relationnelle mais défiance par peur d’être rejetée). L’étude de l’attachement permet d’apporter des éléments de compréhension sur le lien insecure à l’autre chez les femmes déprimées présentant une personnalité pathologique. Nous discutons également des rapports entre la vulnérabilité dépressive et la stabilité ou la modification des styles d’attachement. Enfin, nous évoquons les perspectives thérapeutiques (notamment le travail sur la mentalisation) de l’étude et les limites / The purpose of our research is to show that the model of adult attachment constitute a factor of psychological vulnerability that explain women depression and its evolution on two levels: the disturbance of the emotional regulation (attachment strategies) and the insecurity of the representation of the past links of attachment (parental experiences), and the current ones (love and interpersonal attachment). The aim is also to determine the existing links between the personality of the depressed women and adult attachment. We have a more interest more specific in the study of the evolution between the depression and the patterns of attachment (stability or alteration) during hospitalization. The main results of our study show significant links between the depression and the insecurity of attachment strategies (mainly preoccupied), representations of the past experiences (preoccupied and unresolved) and love and interpersonal attachment styles (mainly fearful). As regards to depressed women suffering from a personality disorder, they are more preoccupied in the representations of the current attachment relations. At least; the results show than only interpersonal attachment styles modified according to the decrease of the depression during hospitalization, while all loving attachment styles remain stable.These results obviously allow to specific psychopathological characteristics in depressed women concerning the disturbance of the emotional regulation (hyper-activation of the affects, linked with internalizing psychopathological disorders, defensive strategies of detachment, and difficulties of mentalization) and the insecure representations of the past links of attachment (excessive focus of the parental relations, ambivalence, dependence, traumatic experiences) and present (relational and affective anxiety, but mistrust for fearof being rejected). The study of the attachment allows us to bring comprehensive elements about the insecure relationship to the other in the depressed women with a pathological personality. We also discuss about links between depressive vulnerability and stability or the modification of the attachment styles. At least we evoke the therapeutic perspectives (in particular the work of the mentalization) of the study and the limits.

Psykopatiska drag kan ge negativa konsekvenser såsom ett antisocialt beteende och låg empati. För att kunna förebygga har forskningen tittat på olika orsaker till att sådana drag utvecklas. Man har bland annat tittat på om otrygga anknytningsstilar har ett samband med psykopatiska drag.   I den här studien deltog 102 personer i ett bekvämlighetsurval. Av de som svarade var 83,3% kvinnor och resten män, de flesta var i åldersgrupperna mellan 41–64 år.   Denna studie visade ett svagt samband mellan otrygg-undvikande anknytningsstil och psykopatiska drag. Andra studier har gjorts med andra urvalsgrupper med problematik såsom psykiatrisk diagnos och kriminalitet. Förmodligen hade resultatet blivit annorlunda med ett annat urval. Tendensen är dock att det finns ett samband mellan otrygg-undvikande anknytningsstil och psykopatiska drag. / Psychopathic traits can have negative consequences such as antisocial behaviour and low empathy. In order to be able to prevent it, research has looked at various reasons why such traits develop. Among other things, they have looked at whether insecure attachment styles have a connection with psychopathic traits.   In this study, 102 people participated in a convenience sample. Of those who responded, 83.3% were women and the rest were men, most were in the age groups between 41–64 years.   This study showed a weak association between insecure-avoidant attachment style and psychopathic traits. Other studies have been done with other sample groups with problems such as psychiatric diagnosis and crime. Probably the result would have been different with a different selection. The tendency, however, is that there is a connection between insecure-avoidant attachment style and psychopathic traits.