Esta tese apresenta e analisa excertos da minha tradução não publicada de The Solid Mandala, de Patrick White, em português brasileiro, considerando seus aspectos sóciohistóricos e culturais em três níveis: como tradutor, como revisor da tradução e como crítico literário. A teoria dos polissistemas de Itamar Even-Zohar é adotada para justificar a importância de (re)introduzir Patrick White como representante da Literatura Australiana em nosso sistema literário brasileiro por meio da tradução. Como suporte às capacidades necessárias para realizar a tarefa, o modelo de competências de Amparo Hurtado Albir é apresentado. Quanto aos aspectos culturais, a teoria dos itens específico-culturais de Javier Franco Aixelá é empregada. As traduções publicadas em francês, italiano e espanhol são contrastadas com a minha a fim de identificar inconsistências e/ou soluções, bem como chamar a atenção para desafios que não foram contemplados. A versão em português brasileiro é proposta por meio de excertos selecionados, com os três níveis estando em funcionamento durante o processo de revisão da tradução. Ao buscar fazer a obra de Patrick White ser redescoberta não somente no Brasil, mas também na América Latina e em outros países de língua portuguesa, por meio da tradução, esta tese oferece uma contribuição inédita aos Estudos de Tradução. / This dissertation presents and analyzes excerpts from my unpublished translation of Patrick White’s The Solid Mandala into Brazilian Portuguese considering its socio-historical and cultural aspects at three levels of reading: as a translator, as a revisor/proofreader of the translation and as a literary critic. Itamar Even-Zohar’s Polysystems Theory is adopted to justify the importance of (re)introducing Patrick White as a representative of Australian Literature into our Brazilian system via translation. Supporting the abilities necessary to perform the task, Amparo Hurtado Albir’s model of competences is presented. In regards to cultural aspects, Javier Franco Aixelá’s culture-specific items theory is used. The translations into French, German, Italian and Spanish are contrasted to mine, so as to identify inconsistencies and/or solutions and call attention to challenges which were not addressed. The version in Brazilian Portuguese is conveyed in this dissertation via selected excerpts, with the three levels being at work during the proofreading process of the translation. By attempting to make Patrick White’s oeuvre be rediscovered not only in Brazil, but also in South America and in other Portuguese-speaking countries, through translation, this dissertation presents an innovative contribution to Translation Studies.

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M.A. / This study approaches a special area of comparative literature in English which has not been researched in any great detail to date. Olive Schreiner's The Story of an African Farm, first published in 1883, had an Australian counterpart in Miles Franklin's My Brilliant Career, first published in 1901. Both novels stemmed from a deep-rooted discontent with Colonial society and, specifically, with the status of women in that society. Both these novelists were early Colonial writers whose works proved to be watersheds in the development of the literary output of their respective countries. Both novelists have a similar status in their respective literature, and their novels show many comparable attributes ...

A partir de minha tradução para o português brasileiro de The Magic Pudding (1918), novela infantil australiana escrita e ilustrada por Norman Lindsay, o objetivo desta dissertação é demonstrar as peculiaridades da tradução de literatura infantil ilustrada. Portanto, este estudo analisa o papel das ilustrações na tradução, enquanto levanta questões sobre a adaptação literária em uma época em que novos meios e tecnologias de leitura competem com o livro impresso pela atenção infantil. Como O Pudim Mágico é a primeira tradução da novela para o português, e devido à importância das ilustrações na narrativa, é proposta uma tradução estrangeirizada para que elementos da cultura e da natureza australianas, especialmente alimentos e animais, permaneçam visíveis no texto de chegada. Pelas mesmas razões, tanto o texto propriamente dito quanto as ilustrações são tratados como textos, respectivamente, verbal e pictórico, em oposição aos peritextos verbal e pictórico acrescentados ao texto de chegada. Este estudo é dividido em quatro capítulos: 1) apresentação da biografia e obra do autor, bem como do contexto em que The Magic Pudding foi escrito, seguida pelo resumo detalhado da novela, uma discussão sobre as peculiaridades da tradução para crianças e, baseadas principalmente em Lawrence Venuti e Gérard Genette, as justificativas para a abordagem estrangeirizante com o emprego de elementos peritextuais; 2) apresentação das estratégias de Javier Franco Aixelá para a tradução de itens culturais-específicos para discutir o tratamento de nomes próprios contendo significados culturais; considerando o leitor-alvo, é sugerido o acréscimo de elementos peritextuais, tais como novas ilustrações combinadas com um prefácio verbal, a fim de evitar o emprego de notas de rodapé; 3) análise da influência da ilustrações de Lindsay na tradução, com sugestões para o tratamento do texto verbal de chegada; 4) discussão sobre tópicos de adaptação e transmidiação de literatura infantil, com sugestões para tratar os textos verbal e pictórico na transposição de O Pudim Mágico de meio impresso a digital; com base principalmente nos estudos de Lars Elleström e Ellen McCracken, dispositivos digitais de leitura como o Amazon Kindle e o Apple iPad são analisados, concluindo-se que o texto-alvo é considerado uma tradução em formato impresso, uma remidiação em formato para Kindle e uma transmidiação em formato para iPad. / Based on my unpublished translation of The Magic Pudding (1918), Australian children’s novel written and illustrated by Norman Lindsay, this thesis aims at demonstrating the peculiarities of translating illustrated children’s literature. Therefore, it analyses the role of the illustrations in the translation while raising questions on literary adaptation at a time when new reading media and technology compete with the printed book for children’s attention. Given that O Pudim Mágico is the first translation of the novel into Portuguese and due to the importance of the illustrations in the narrative, I propose a foreignised translation to preserve Australia’s cultural and natural elements, in particular foods and animals, visible in the target text. For the same reasons, both the text proper and the illustrations are regarded as texts, respectively verbal and pictorial, in opposition to the verbal and pictorial peritexts added to the target text. This study is divided into four chapters: 1) a presentation of the author’s biography and oeuvre, as well as of the context in which The Magic Pudding was written, followed by a detailed summary of the novel, a discussion on the peculiarities of translating for children and, mainly based on Lawrence Venuti and Gérard Genette, a justification for the foreignising approach with the employment of peritextual elements; 2) a presentation of Javier Franco Aixelá’s strategies to translate culture-specific items in order to discuss the treatment of proper names that hold cultural meanings; considering the target reader, the addition of peritextual elements, such as new illustrations combined with a verbal preface, is suggested as a means to avoid the employment of footnotes; 3) an analysis of the influence of Lindsay’s illustrations on the translation with suggestions for the treatment of the verbal target text; 4) a discussion on issues of adaptation and transmediation of children’s literature, with suggestions for treating the verbal and pictorial texts in the transposition of O Pudim Mágico from printed to digitised media; based mainly on the studies by Lars Elleström and Ellen McCracken, digital reading devices such as Amazon Kindle and Apple iPad are analysed to conclude that the novel’s target text is deemed to be a translation in print format, a remediation on Kindle and a transmediation on iPad. Keywords: Adaptation. Australian Literature. Children’

This thesis argues that through bringing together two branches of inquiry???the literary work of Katharine Susannah Prichard and Eleanor Dark and socio-feminist theory on health, contagion and the female body???the discursive body of the mother-figure in their novels serves as a trope through which otherwise unspoken tensions???between the personal and the political, between family and nation and between identity and race in Australian cultural formation???are explored. The methodology I use is to analyse the literary mother-figure through a ???discourse on health??? from a soma-political, socio-cultural and historical perspective which sought to categorise, regulate and discipline women???s lives to ensure that white women conformed to their designated roles as mothers and that they did so within the confines of marriage. The literary mother-figure, as represented in Prichard???s and Dark???s novels, is frequently at odds with the culturally constructed mother-figure as represented in political and religious discourses, and in popular forms of culture such as advertising, film and women???s magazines. This culturally constructed ???ideal??? mother-figure is intimately linked to nationalist discourses of racial hygiene, of Christian morality, and of civic and social order controlled by such patriarchal institutions as the state, the church, the law and the medical professions during the period under review. This is reflected in Prichard???s and Dark???s inter-war novels which embody unresolved tensions in a way that challenges representations of the mother-figure by mainstream culture. However, their post-war novels show a greater compliance with nationalist ideologies of the good and healthy mother-figure who conforms more closely with an idealised notion of motherhood, leading up to the 1950s. Through a detailed analysis of the two writers??? changing representations of the mother-figure, I argue that the mother-figure is a key trope through which unspoken tensions and forces that have shaped (and continue to shape) Australian culture and society can be understood.

This thesis develops a critical reading methodology entitled unprincipled formalism. This methodology is tested in close readings of three relatively contemporary Australian literary texts: David Malouf's short story "A Traveller's Tale" (1986) and novella Remembering Babylon (1994), and Peter Carey's short story "The Chance" (1978). Unprincipled formalism is developed in relation to three broad contexts: the fragmented state of the contemporary discipline of literary studies; the complex of international economic and social phenomena which goes under the general rubric of globalisation; and the specific Australian left-liberal literary critical tradition which I have termed, for convenience sake, the Meanjin literary formation. Unprincipled formalism does not draw a distinction between form and content. Unprincipled formalism is a critical methodology that is both avowedly socially concerned and strictly formalist. It is concerned with articulating and analysing the particular social and political interventions made by literary texts (as well as the resultant critical discussion of those texts) through a consideration of the formal techniques by which literary texts situate themselves as acts of communication. Principal among these techniques is the mise en abyme. The thesis provides a detailed analysis of debates around the mise en abyme informed by the work of theorists such as Ross Chambers, Lucien Dallenbach, Frank Lentricchia, Moshe Ron, Jacques Derrida and others. Politically, unprincipled formalism attempts to steer a middling course between neo-liberal triumphalism on the one hand and nostalgic left romanticism on the other. This involves on the one hand a critique of neo-liberalism drawing on the work of Charles Taylor, Stephen Holmes, John Frow and others, and on the other a critique of a nostalgic romantic tendency in "progressive" critical technologies such as postmodern and postcolonial literary studies.

This thesis is a study of constructions of home and nation in selected works by Patrick White, Peter Carey, Xavier Herbert and James Bardon. Drawing on the work of postcolonial theorists, it examines ways in which the selected texts engage with national mythologies in the imagining of the Australian nation. It notes the deployment of racial discourses informing constructions of national identity that work to marginalise Indigenous Australians and other cultural minority groups. The texts are arranged in thematic rather than chronological order. White’s treatment of the overland journey, and his representations of Aboriginality, discussed in Chapter One, are contrasted with Carey’s revisiting of the overland journey motif in Oscar and Lucinda in Chapter Two. Whereas White’s representations of Indigenous culture in Voss are static and essentialised, as is the case in Riders in the Chariot and A Fringe of Leaves, Carey’s representation of Australia’s contact history is characterised by a cultural hybridity. In White’s texts, Indigenous culture is depicted as an anachronism in the contemporary Australian nation, while in Carey’s, the words of the coloniser are appropriated and employed to subvert the ideological colonial paradigm. Carey’s use of heteroglossia is examined further in the analysis of Illywhacker in Chapter Three. Whereas Carey treats Australian types ironically in Illywhacker’s pet emporium, the protagonist of Xavier Herbert’s Poor Fellow My Country, Jeremy Delacy, is depicted as an expert on Australian types. The intertextuality between Herbert’s novel and the work of social Darwinist anthropologists in the 1930s and 1940s is discussed in Chapter Four, providing a historical context to appreciate a shift from modernist to postmodernist narrative strategies in Carey’s fiction. James Bardon’s fictional treatment of the Papunya Tula painting movement in Revolution by Night is seen to continue to frame Indigenous culture in a modernist grammar of representation through its portrayal of the work of Papunya Tula artists in the terms of ‘the fourth dimension’. Bardon’s novel is nevertheless a fascinating postcolonial engagement with Sturt’s architectural construction of landscape in his maps and journals, a discussion of which leads to Tony Birch’s analysis of the politics of name reclamation in contemporary tourism discourses.

This thesis argues that through bringing together two branches of inquiry???the literary work of Katharine Susannah Prichard and Eleanor Dark and socio-feminist theory on health, contagion and the female body???the discursive body of the mother-figure in their novels serves as a trope through which otherwise unspoken tensions???between the personal and the political, between family and nation and between identity and race in Australian cultural formation???are explored. The methodology I use is to analyse the literary mother-figure through a ???discourse on health??? from a soma-political, socio-cultural and historical perspective which sought to categorise, regulate and discipline women???s lives to ensure that white women conformed to their designated roles as mothers and that they did so within the confines of marriage. The literary mother-figure, as represented in Prichard???s and Dark???s novels, is frequently at odds with the culturally constructed mother-figure as represented in political and religious discourses, and in popular forms of culture such as advertising, film and women???s magazines. This culturally constructed ???ideal??? mother-figure is intimately linked to nationalist discourses of racial hygiene, of Christian morality, and of civic and social order controlled by such patriarchal institutions as the state, the church, the law and the medical professions during the period under review. This is reflected in Prichard???s and Dark???s inter-war novels which embody unresolved tensions in a way that challenges representations of the mother-figure by mainstream culture. However, their post-war novels show a greater compliance with nationalist ideologies of the good and healthy mother-figure who conforms more closely with an idealised notion of motherhood, leading up to the 1950s. Through a detailed analysis of the two writers??? changing representations of the mother-figure, I argue that the mother-figure is a key trope through which unspoken tensions and forces that have shaped (and continue to shape) Australian culture and society can be understood.

Novel: