El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la relación entre competencia digital y la autoeficacia en el uso de TIC de docentes de primaria de escuelas públicas del Perú. También, se planteó analizar la relación entre competencia digital, autoeficacia en el uso de TIC, con la edad y años de experiencia en enseñanza de los docentes. Asimismo, se comparó la competencia digital y autoeficacia en el uso de TIC de docentes de primaria de escuelas públicas del Perú, según sexo, ciclo de enseñanza y macro-región. La muestra estuvo conformada por 212 docentes de primaria de las macro-regiones Lima Metropolitana, Norte, Centro, Sur y Oriente. Los resultados muestran lo siguiente: (a) se observa una relación positiva entre competencia digital y autoeficacia en el uso de TIC, de docentes; (b) se encuentra una relación negativa, entre competencia digital, autoeficacia en el uso de TIC y edad; (c) existe una relación negativa entre autoeficacia en el uso de TIC y años de experiencia en enseñanza; (d) y se identifica que existen diferencias en la competencia digital y autoeficacia en el uso de TIC, según sexo, pero no se evidencia relación según ciclo de enseñanza y macro-región. / The main goal of this study was to determine the relationship between digital competence and self-efficacy in the use of ICT by primary school teachers in public schools in Peru. Also, it was proposed to analyze the relationship between digital competence, selfefficacy in the use of ICT, with the age and years of experience in teaching of the teachers. Likewise, the digital competence and self-efficacy in the use of ICT of primary teachers of public schools in Peru were compared, according to sex, education cycle and macroregion. The sample consisted of 212 primary school teachers from the Lima Metropolitan, North, Center, South and East macro-regions. Results show the following: (a) a positive relationship is observed between digital competence and self-efficacy in the use of ICT, by teachers; (b) there is a negative relationship between digital competence, self-efficacy in the use of ICT and age; (c) there is a negative relationship between self-efficacy in the use of ICT and years of teaching experience; (d) and it is identified that there are differences in digital competence and self-efficacy in the use of ICT, according to sex, but there is no evidence of a relationship according to the teaching cycle and macroregion. / Tesis

La presente investigación tuvo como propósito comprender cómo las experiencias vividas por seis estudiantes de ingeniería se asocian con la formación de su identidad ingenieril y su sentido de autoeficacia. Para llegar a ello, este estudio se sitúa desde un paradigma cualitativo con postura fenomenológica y un diseño fenomenológico interpretativo. La muestra estuvo conformada por seis estudiantes mujeres de ingeniería que cursaban entre séptimo y décimo ciclo pertenecientes a tres universidades privadas de Lima Metropolitana. Se utilizó una guía de entrevista a profundidad semi estructurada para recabar la información requerida. A partir de ello, se halló que la identidad ingenieril y la autoeficacia, en las participantes del estudio, pueden nutrirse a partir de diversas fuentes que provienen del entorno familiar, social y universitario; y las experiencias escolares y universitarias. Así, en la medida que ellas tuvieron experiencias escolares de dominio en cursos STEM y experiencias universitarias que les permitieron conocer más su carrera, se sintieron más identificadas como ingenieras y más capaces de ejercer este rol en el futuro. Asimismo, las participantes experimentaron un sentido más sólido de su identidad ingenieril a l experimentar emociones agradables en sus vivencias universitarias, percibir que sus logros eran reconocidos por compañeros y profesores, tener referentes en esta área y sentirse parte de la comunidad. / The purpose of this research was to understand how the experiences ofsix engineering students are associated with the formation of their engineering identity and their sense of self-efficacy. To achieve this, this study is situated from a qualitative paradigm with a phenomenological stance and an interpretative phenomenological design. The sample consisted of six female engineering students between the seventh and tenth cycles from three private universities in Metropolitan Lima. A semi-structured in-depth interview guide was used to collect the required information. From this, it was found that the engineering identity and self-efficacy of the participants in the study can be nurtured from various sourcesthat come from the family, social and university environment; and school and university experiences. Thus, to the extent that they had school experiences of mastery in STEM courses and university experiences that allowed them to learn more about their career, they felt more identified as engineers and more capable of exercising this role in the future. Likewise, the participants experienced a stronger sense of their engineering identity by experiencing pleasant emotions in their university experiences, perceiving that their achievements were recognized by peers and professors, having references in this area and feeling part of the community.

Las funciones ejecutivas permiten el desarrollo de actividades de alta complejidad, siendo fundamentales dentro de la vida académica para la percepción de la autoeficacia académica y, por ende, el éxito académico de los estudiantes universitarios. Ambos temas son relevantes en el aprendizaje, por lo que es necesario el aporte de evidencia sobre la relación entre ambas variables. La presente investigación se realizó planteando como objetivo determinar la relación entre las funciones ejecutivas y la autoeficacia académica percibida en estudiantes universitarios. Participan 97 estudiantes universitarios cursando los ciclos de estudios generales de universidades privadas pertenecientes a la ciudad de Lima - Perú, 38 hombres (40%) y 59 mujeres (60%) de edades desde los 17 hasta los 24 años. Como reactivos se utilizan la escala EFECO en formato auto-reporte y la escala EAPESA. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que el desempeño tanto en funciones ejecutivas como en autoeficacia académica percibida es en su mayoría de un nivel medio, encontrando que un 55% de alumnos se ubica en este nivel en la variable funciones ejecutivas, y un 54% de alumnos se ubica en este nivel en la variable autoeficacia académica percibida. También se comprueba la hipótesis general, esto es, que existe una correlación positiva y muy significativa entre las Funciones Ejecutivas y la Autoeficacia; además, se comprueban las hipótesis específicas, encontrándose correlaciones positivas en todas ellas. Sin embargo, es importante indicar que en la dimensión organización de materiales la correlación es débil. / Executive functions allow the development of highly complex activities, being fundamental within academic life for the perception of academic self-efficacy and, therefore, the academic success of university students. Both topics are important in learning, so it is necessary to provide evidence on the relationship between both variables. The present investigation was carried out with the objective of determining the relationship between executive functions and perceived academic self-efficacy in university students. 97 university students participating in the general study cycles of private universities belonging to the city of Lima - Peru, 38 men (40%) and 59 women (60%) aged from 17 to 24 years. The EFECO scale in self-report format and the EAPESA scale were used as reagents. The results obtained show that the performance both in executive functions and in perceived academic self-efficacy is mostly of a medium level, finding that 55% of students are located at this level in the variable executive functions, and 54% of students are located at this level in the variable perceived academic selfefficacy. The general hypothesis, that there is a positive and highly significant correlation between Executive Functions and Self-efficacy, in confirmed. The specific hypotheses are also verified, finding positive correlations in all of them. However, it is important to indicate that in the material organization dimension the correlation is weak.

[pt] Mobile Learning ou aprendizagem com mobilidade é a aquisição de conhecimento e habilidades por meio de tecnologias móveis em qualquer lugar e em qualquer tempo. É possível usar as tecnologias móveis e sem fio para acessar ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem, realizar cursos, interagir com colegas e instrutores e, buscar ou postar materiais em diferentes contextos ou momentos. Apesar de o mobile learning estar se espalhando no mundo, ainda é incipiente a comprensão sobre os fatores que impulsionam a sua adoção. Esta pesquisa revisou a literatura sobre mobile learning e modelos de adoção de tecnologia com o objetivo de investigar que fatores influenciariam a intenção de uso do mobile learning. O estudo foi realizado com alunos de graduação de uma Universidade Particular da cidade do Rio de Janeiro e obteve uma amostra de 402 discentes, por meio de uma survey. A coleta dos dados foi feita usando de um questionário estruturado com 52 questões. Os resultados, obtidos mediante o uso de modelagem de equações estruturais, indicam que as percepções de utilidade de curto prazo apresentaram os efeitos mais fortes dentro dos construtos avaliados sobre a intenção de usar m-learning por estudantes de ensino superior. Efeitos significativos também foram encontrados para facilidade de uso, compatibilidade e autoeficácia. / [en] Mobile Learning or learning with mobility is the acquisition of knowledge and skills through mobile technology anywhere and at any time. You can use the mobile and wireless technologies to access virtual learning environments or accomplish several other goals, such attending a course, interacting with colleagues or instructors, seeking or posting content in different contexts or moments. Although mobile learning is spreading in the world, there is a lack of research on the factors that drive its adoption. This study revised the literature on mobile learning and models of technology adoption in order to understand which factors influence the intention to use mobile learning by higher education students. In order to achieve such a goal, a survey was conducted on undergraduate students of a private university in Rio de Janeiro, with a sample of 402 students being obtained. Data collection was conducted through a structured questionnaire with 52 items. Structural equations modeling was employed, with the results indicating that perceptions of short-term utility showed the strongest effect on the intention to use m-learning by higher education students, with significant effects also found for ease of use, compatibility and self-efficacy.

Submitted by Wagner Junior (wagner.junior@unioeste.br) on 2018-07-12T18:00:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Adriana_Rezende_Lopes_2018.pdf: 6888615 bytes, checksum: 27e5585447929f40da3955b3ae5b63e2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-12T18:00:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Adriana_Rezende_Lopes_2018.pdf: 6888615 bytes, checksum: 27e5585447929f40da3955b3ae5b63e2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Work activities in the health area have been related to greater vulnerability to burnout, including students, when they begin to experience the profession in the supervised stages. Studies have sought to understand the influence of empathy or self-efficacy in the development of burnout. This study aimed to analyze burnout, empathy and self-efficacy in the context of nursing students from State Universities of Paraná, starting from the third year of graduation. For this study, the validated versions for use in Brazil of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), Occupational Self-Efficacy Scale - Short Form (OSS-SF) were used, as well as a questionnaire with sociodemographic, academic, work and health variables. Descriptive and analytical statistics were performed, with a significance level of α<0.05. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to evaluate the reliability of the scales, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test the normality of the data. Pearson Chi-Square, Fisher's exact test, Student's T test, Mann-Whitney, Anova, Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn's Post-test, Spearman's Correlation and Multivariate Logistic Regression were used in this study. After the approval by the Ethics Committee in Research with Human Beings of Unioeste, the data collection was performed from June to September 2017. Participants of the study were 323 students from six nursing courses from five State Universities, with 12.2% of data loss. The convenience sample consisted of 284 participants, mostly: women (90.1%), between 18 and 24 years old (77.5%), unmarried (83.8%), without children (88.7%), living with relatives (68.6%) and family income up to three minimum wages (56.0%), non-smokers (93.7%), non-regular physical activity (66.2%), doing one period of internship (71.5%), with a weekly workload of up to 24 hours (58.1%) and on-site training less than three months (84.5%). The prevalence of high burnout was 6.0%, with 36.3% of high Emotional Exhaustion, 37.7% of high Depersonalization and 28.2% of Low Personal Realization. The absence of regular physical activity and weekly workload of more than 24 to 40 hours per week were predictive of burnout and emotional exhaustion. The affective and cognitive dimensions of empathy (Empathic Consideration and Perspective Consideration) correlated positively with each other and tended to grow or decrease in the same direction. Self-efficacy and Empathy seemed to contribute to the prevention of burnout, insofar as greater self-efficacy was associated with lower Emotional Exhaustion, greater Empathy (cognitive and affective dimensions) were associated with less Depersonalization, and both, greater Empathy and greater Self-efficacy, were significantly associated with greater Personal Realization. The results of the study pointed out the worrying risk of developing burnout among students, due to the high rates of Emotional Exhaustion and, especially, in the case of nursing students, of Depersonalization, which directly affects the essence of care and the humanist profile aimed at the profession. / Las actividades laborales en el área de la salud se han relacionado con la mayor vulnerabilidad al burnout, incluyendo a los estudiantes cuando empiezan a experimentar la profesión en las etapas supervisadas. Los estudios han buscado entender la influencia de la empatía o de la autoeficacia en el desarrollo del burnout. Este estudio objetivó analizar burnout, empatía y autoeficacia en el contexto de los estudiantes de enfermería de Universidades Estatales de Paraná, a partir del tercer año de la graduación. Para esso, se utilizaron las versiones validadas para uso en Brasil de las escalas Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), Occupational Self-Efficacy Scale - Short Form (OSS-SF), además de cuestionario con las variables sociodemográficas, académicas, de trabajo y salud. Se realizó estadística descriptiva y analítica, con un nivel de significancia de α<0,05. Se utilizó para evaluar la confiabilidad de las escalas el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach y para probar la normalidad de los datos la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Conforme a la adecuación se aplicaron las pruebas Qui-cuadrado de Pearson, Exacto de Fisher, T de student, Mann-Whitney, Anova, Kruskal-Wallis, Post-test de Dunn, Correlación de Spearman y Regresión logística multivariada. La recolección de los datos occurió de junio a septiembre de 2017, después de la aprobación por el Comité de Ética en Investigación con Seres Humanos de la Unioeste. Participaron del estudio 323 estudiantes de seis cursos de Enfermería de cinco Universidades Estatales, ocurriendo 12,2% de pérdidas de datos. La muestra de conveniencia se constituyó de 284 participantes, en su mayoría: mujeres (90,1%), entre 18 y 24 años (77,5%), solteros (83,8%), sin hijos (88,7%), que viven con familiares (68,6%) y con renta familiar hasta tres salarios mínimos (56,0%), no fumadores (93,7%), no practicantes de actividad física regular (66,2%), realizando un turno de prácticas (71,5%), con carga horaria semanal de hasta 24 horas (58,1%) y con actuación en el local de la etapa a menos de tres meses (84,5%). La prevalencia del alto burnout fue del 6,0%, con 36,3% de alto Agotamiento Emocional, 37,7% de alta Despersonalización y 28,2% de baja Realización Personal. La ausencia de actividad física regular y carga horaria semanal de etapa superior a 24 hasta 40 horas semanales fueron predictoras del burnout y del agotamiento emocional. Las dimensiones afectiva y cognitiva de la empatía (Consideración Empática y Toma de Perspectiva) se correlacionaron positivamente entre sí y tienden a crecer o decrecer en el mismo sentido. La Autoeficacia y la Empatía parecían contribuir en la prevención del burnout, en la medida en que mayor Autoeficacia se asoció con menor Agotamiento Emocional, mayor Empatía (dimensiones cognitiva y afectiva) se asociaron con menor Despersonalización, y ambas, mayor Empatía y mayor Autoeficacia, se asociaron significativamente con mayor Realización Personal. Los resultados del estudio apuntaron el preocupante riesgo de desarrollo del burnout entre los estudiantes, debido a los altos índices de Agotamiento Emocional y, principalmente, en el caso de los estudiantes de Enfermería, de la Despersonalización, que afecta directamente la esencia del cuidado y el perfil humanista anhelado para la profesión. / As atividades laborais na área da saúde têm sido relacionadas à maior vulnerabilidade ao burnout, incluindo os estudantes quando começam a experimentar a profissão nas atividades práticas supervisionadas. Estudos tem buscado entender a influência da empatia ou da autoeficácia no desenvolvimento do burnout. Essa pesquisa objetivou analisar burnout, empatia, autoeficácia no contexto dos estudantes de enfermagem de universidades estaduais do Paraná, a partir do terceiro ano da graduação. Para isso, utilizou-se as versões validadas para uso no Brasil das escalas Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), Occupational Self-Efficacy Scale - Short Form (OSS-SF), além de questionário com as variáveis sociodemográficas, acadêmicas, de trabalho e saúde. Realizou-se estatística descritiva e analítica, com nível de significância de α<0,05. Utilizou-se para avaliar a confiabilidade das escalas o coeficiente alfa de Cronbach e para testar a normalidade dos dados o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Conforme a adequação aplicou-se os testes Qui-Quadrado de Pearson, Exato de Fisher, T de student, Mann-Whitney, Anova, Kruskal-Wallis, Pós-teste de Dunn, Correlação de Spearman e Regressão logística multivariada. A coleta dos dados ocorreu de junho a setembro de 2017 após a aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos da Unioeste. Participaram da pesquisa 323 estudantes de seis cursos de Enfermagem de cinco universidades estaduais, ocorrendo 12,2% de perdas de dados. A amostra de conveniência constitui-se de 284 participantes, na maioria: mulheres (90,1%), entre 18 e 24 anos (77,5%), solteiros (83,8%), sem filhos (88,7%), morando com familiares (68,6%) e com renda familiar até três salários mínimos (56,0%), não fumantes (93,7%), não praticantes de atividade física regular (66,2%), realizando um turno de estágio (71,5%), com carga horária semanal de até 24 horas (58,1%) e com atuação no local do estágio a menos de três meses (84,5%). A prevalência de alto burnout foi de 6,0%, com 36,3% de alta Exaustão Emocional, 37,7% de alta Despersonalização e 28,2% de reduzida Realização Pessoal. A ausência de atividade física regular e carga horária semanal de estágio superior a 24 até 40 horas semanais foram preditores do burnout e da Exaustão Emocional. As dimensões afetiva e cognitiva da empatia (Consideração Empática e Tomada de Perspectiva) correlacionaram- se positivamente entre si e tenderam a crescer ou decrescer no mesmo sentido. A Autoeficácia e a Empatia pareceram contribuir na prevenção do burnout, na medida em que maior Autoeficácia associou-se com menor Exaustão Emocional, maior empatia (dimensões cognitiva e afetiva) associaram-se com menor Despersonalização, e ambas, maior Empatia e maior Autoeficácia, associaram-se significativamente com maior Realização Pessoal. Os resultados da pesquisa apontaram o preocupante risco de desenvolvimento do burnout entre os estudantes, devido aos altos índices de Exaustão Emocional e, principalmente, no caso dos estudantes de Enfermagem, da Despersonalização, que afeta diretamente a essência do cuidado e o perfil humanista almejado para a profissão.

Lograr el dominio de las lenguas de trabajo, en particular la lengua inglesa, resulta de suma importancia durante el proceso de formación de los estudiantes de Traducción e Interpretación. Una de las maneras que se recomiendan para consolidar dichas habilidades es el participar en un viaje de inmersión a un país anglófono. Se ha propuesto en estudios previos que un viaje con esas características es una situación propicia para el desarrollo de la autoeficacia. Por ello, este estudio busca comprender cuál sería el impacto de un viaje de inmersión como el que brinda el programa de Work and Travel en la autoeficacia de los estudiantes respecto a sus competencias traductoras. Se contó con la participación de estudiantes de la carrera de Traducción e Interpretación de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas que hayan formado parte de tal programa durante el periodo de 2018-2020, los cuales, por medio de entrevistas, permitirán el análisis de sus experiencias. / Achieving proficiency in their working languages, particularly English, is of utmost importance during the training process of Translation and Interpretation students. One of the recommended ways to consolidate these skills is to participate in an immersion trip to an English-speaking country. It has been proposed in previous studies that a trip with these characteristics is a suitable situation for the development of self-efficacy. Thus, this study seeks to understand what the impact of an immersion trip would be such as the one provided by the Work and Travel program on the self-efficacy of students regarding their translation competences. Students from the Translation and Interpretation program at the Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas who have taken part in such program during the 2018-2020 period participated in this study, which, through their interviews, will allow the analysis of their experiences. / Trabajo de investigación

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue relacionar la Satisfacción muscular y la Autoeficacia para controlar el peso en 153 usuarios de gimnasios en Lima. Empleándose el Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale (Cook, Sánchez, Guadalupe, Reyes y Huamán, 2016) y el Inventario de Autoeficacia Percibida para Controlar el Peso (Román, Díaz, Cárdenas y Zoraide, 2007), encontrándose correlaciones positivas: dependencia al ejercicio y comprobación con actividad física, dependencia al ejercicio y comprobación con estilos de alimentación y externalidad; consumo de sustancias y monitoreo con actividad física, consumo de sustancias y monitoreo con estilos de alimentación y externalidad; y satisfacción muscular correlacionó negativamente con estilos de alimentación y externalidad. Asimismo, se encontró diferencias significativas entre las horas dedicadas al ejercicio y a ver tv semanalmente. / The aim of the present research was to relate Muscle satisfaction and self-efficacy to weight control were related in 153 gym users in Lima. Using the Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale (Cook, Sánchez, Guadalupe, Reyes y Huamán, 2016) and the Perceived Self-Efficacy Inventory for Weight Control (Román, Díaz, Cárdenas y Zoraide, 2007), positive correlations were found: dependence on exercise and verification with physical activity, dependence on exercise and verification with eating styles and externality, substance use and monitoring with physical activity, substance use and monitoring with eating styles and externality; muscle satisfaction had a negative correlation with eating styles and externality. Furthermore, significant differences were found between the hours spent exercising and watching TV weekly. / Tesis

La repetición escolar es un fenómeno escolar percibido, pero no atendido en América Latina, esto se evidencia en la escasa producción científica de la población en relación con las variables autoeficacia y perspectiva temporal. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo examinar la relación entre la autoeficacia y perspectiva temporal en estudiantes de nivel secundaria que han repetido de año escolar. Realizada con base en un diseño correlacional, se hizo uso de la Escala de Autoeficacia General (Grimaldo, 2005) y el Inventario de perspectiva temporal (Díaz-Morales, 2006). La muestra constó de 157 estudiantes escolares repitentes. Los resultados indican una relación moderada entre autoeficacia y la dimensión futuro (r = 0,48) y pasado positivo (r = 0,32); y una relación pequeña entre autoeficacia y presente hedonista (r = 0,30), pasado negativo (r = 0,22) y presente fatalista (r = 0,27). En conclusión, la relación encontrada entre la autoeficacia y la dimensión futuro refiere una visión positiva sobre las capacidades que posee el estudiante y así considera los problemas futuros como un desafío solucionable. Mientras que la relación entre la autoeficacia y presente fatalista implica que a pesar de tener una actitud negativa y abatida hacia el futuro, esta no afecta la percepción sobre las propias capacidades; así como, la relación entre autoeficacia y pasado negativo constituye que una visión negativa y desfavorable del pasado no implica bajas creencias de la capacidad personal. Por último, se recomienda incrementar la muestra e incluir instituciones privadas. / School repetition is a perceived school phenomenon, but not attended in Latin America, this is evidenced in the limited scientific production of the population in relation to the variables self-efficacy and time perspective. The present research aims to examine the relationship between self-efficacy and temporal perspective in high school students who have repeated a school year. Carried out based on a correlational design, the General Self-efficacy Scale (Grimaldo, 2005) and the Time Perspective Inventory (Díaz-Morales, 2006) were used. The sample consisted of 157 repeating school students. The results indicate a moderate relationship between self-efficacy and the future dimension (r = 0.48) and positive past (r = 0.32); and a small relationship between self-efficacy and hedonistic present (r = 0.30), negative past (r = 0.22) and fatalistic present (r = 0.27). In conclusion, the relationship found between self-efficacy and the future dimension refers to a positive vision about the abilities that the student possesses and thus considers future problems as a solvable challenge. While the relationship between self-efficacy and fatalistic present implies that despite having a negative and dejected attitude towards the future, it does not affect the perception of one's own abilities; Likewise, the relationship between self-efficacy and negative past constitutes that a negative and unfavorable view of the past does not imply low beliefs of personal capacity. Finally, it is recommended to increase the sample and include private institutions. / Tesis

[pt] O presente estudo buscou identificar o conhecimento dos professores da Educação Infantil sobre Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) e sobre Práticas Baseadas em Evidências (PBE) e a sua relação com as crenças de autoeficácia docente quanto ao trabalho com crianças com TEA. Os participantes da pesquisa foram 76 professoras regentes e adjuntas que atuam em Espaços de Desenvolvimento Infantil e/ou creches municipais do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de um estudo com delineamento quantitativo-qualitativo, no qual, além do questionário de caracterização dos participantes, foram utilizados a Escala de Autoeficácia para Professores de Alunos com Autismo (ASSET) e o questionário sobre Transtorno do Espectro Autista e de Práticas Baseadas em Evidências, com questões abertas e fechadas. Os instrumentos foram disponibilizados via formulário on-line, pela plataforma Google Formos, para que as professoras respondessem em um único momento. Os achados foram analisados em duas etapas: codificação das respostas abertas do questionário de TEA e PBE, de modo a gerar escores brutos da pontuação dos professores; e análises estatísticas dos escores brutos da escala ASSET e do conhecimento sobre TEA e PBE. Os resultados foram discutidos à luz do referencial teórico apresentando sobre conhecimento dos professores sobre autismo, PBE e autoeficácia docente. De uma maneira geral, os resultados referentes ao conhecimento sobre TEA apontaram que as professoras conhecem parcialmente e de forma limitada os aspectos que envolvem a definição e as características do transtorno. Em relação ao conhecimento sobre PBE, os resultados apontaram para o uso frequente de práticas comuns à rotina da sala de aula da Educação Infantil e, apesar de algumas participantes terem citado práticas que se encaixam em PBE e relatarem conhecer as práticas citadas nas perguntas fechadas, demonstraram não conhecer o que são PBE. No que se refere à crença de autoeficácia e ao conhecimento sobre TEA, os resultados apontaram que não existe correlação entre eles; ou seja, o nível do conhecimento teórico sobre o TEA não está relacionado a quanto o professor se sente capaz para lidar com esses alunos. Em contrapartida, existe uma correlação positiva e fraca entre a autoeficácia e o conhecimento sobre PBE, na qual observou-se que os professores que demonstraram se sentir mais confiantes, com maior crença de autoeficácia, tendem a conhecer práticas com evidências científicas. Estudos futuros que busquem verificar a existência de uma correlação entre o que os professores declararam ser capazes de realizar com alunos com TEA e o que de fato está presente nas suas práticas, podem ampliar os achados da presente pesquisa. Soma-se a isso a utilização de instrumentos mais robustos para verificar as fontes que estão envolvidas nas crenças de autoeficácia, de modo a identificar o quanto de esforço e empenho os docentes demandam para que suas práticas inclusivas com esses alunos aconteçam. Por fim, entendemos que uma das contribuições do nosso trabalho é enfatizar a escassez de instrumentos robustos para a identificação do conhecimento dos professores sobre TEA e PBE, além de apontar a importância de se pensar em programas de capacitação em serviço para os docentes que atuam em escolas de Educação Infantil, com o foco no conhecimento teórico e prático sobre o TEA que envolvam fontes de autoeficácia, como também evidenciar a urgência de políticas públicas que respaldem e orientem os professores quanto ao uso de PBE. / [en] This study sought to identify the knowledge of early childhood education teachers about Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Evidence-Based Practices (EBP) and their relationship to teachers self-efficacy beliefs about working with children with ASD. The research participants were 76 regular and adjunct teachers who work in child development spaces and municipal daycare centers in Rio de Janeiro. It is a quantitative-qualitative study in which, in addition to the participant characterization questionnaire, we used the Likert-type Self-Efficacy Scale for Teachers of Students with Autism (ASSET) and the questionnaire on ASD and EBP, with open and closed questions. The instruments were made available via online form, through the Google Forms platform, for the teachers to answer in a single moment. The findings were analyzed in two stages: coding of the open-ended responses of the ASSET and EBP questionnaire to generate raw scores of the teachers scores; and statistical analyses of the raw scores of the ASSET scale and knowledge about ASSET and EBP. They were discussed in light of the theoretical framework presenting teachers knowledge about autism, PBE, and teachers sense of self-efficacy. In general, the results regarding knowledge about ASD indicated that our sample had partial and limited knowledge about the aspects involving the definition and characteristics of the disorder. Concerning the awareness about EBP, the results pointed to the frequent use of standard practices in the routine of the early childhood education classroom, and although some participants cited practices that fit into EBP and reported knowing the practices mentioned in the closed questions, the knowledge about EBP was low in our sample. Concerning the sense of self-efficacy and knowledge about ASD, the results indicated no correlation between them; that is, the level of theoretical knowledge about ASD is not related to how much the teacher feels able to deal with these students. In return, there is a positive and weak correlation between self-efficacy and knowledge about EBP, in which it was observed that teachers who felt more confident, with more self-efficacy beliefs, tended to know practices with scientific evidence. Future studies that seek to verify the existence of a correlation between what teachers claimed to be able to do with students with ASD and what is present in their practices may expand the findings of this research. In addition, more robust instruments should be used to verify the sources involved in self-efficacy beliefs and to identify how much effort and commitment teachers demand to make their inclusive practices with these students happen. Finally, we believe that one of the contributions of our work is to emphasize the scarcity of robust instruments to identify teachers knowledge about ASD and EBP and to point out the importance of thinking about in-service training programs for teachers who work in early childhood education schools, focusing on theoretical and practical knowledge about ASD, involving sources of self-efficacy. In addition, it highlights the urgency of public policies that support and guide teachers regarding EBP.

This article reviews research and professional trends in the field of health psychology and behavioral medicine. I also discuss recent research on stress, immune system, behavioral change and health promotion. An increasing focus on the human immunodeficiencyvirus (HN/AIDS) is very important given the Rde of health psychology in terms of prevencing further spread of the epidemic and in maintaining a good qualiry of life. I examined psychosocial and immune system stress responses in individuals before and after their nocification of HN status andas a consequence of stress management intervention procedures. Psychological and social factors in the development of illness are considered. / Este articulo revisa líneas de investigación y profesionales en el campo de la psicología de la salud y la medicina conductual. Se discuten investigaciones recientes acerca del estrés, el sistema inmunológico, los cambios conducruales y la promoción de la salud. Un énfasis en el virus de inmunodeficiencia (HN/SIDA) es muy importante dado el rol de la psicología de la salud para prevenir la expansión de la epidemia y mantener una buena calidad de vida. Se han examinado las respuestas psicosociales y del sistema inmunológico de individuos antes y después de ser notificados de su status de HN y como consecuencia de los procedimientos de intervención para manejar el estrés. Se consideran los factores psicológicos y sociológicos en el desarrollo de la enfermedad.