The dissertation analyzes how to incorporate auxiliary information into the estimation of the finite population total, variance, covariance, and how to use it for the stratification of finite populations. First of all, the problem of efficient stratification in the case of skewed population is considered. A new adjusted geometric stratification method is introduced. This method is compared by simulation with the cumulative root frequency method, the geometric method, and the power method. The simulation results show that in most cases considered the power method is the most efficient one, but the adjusted geometric stratification method outperforms all the methods in the case of highly skewed populations. The calibrated estimators of finite population total, constructed using different distance functions, are considered. The quality of such estimators is analyzed by simulation. The new calibrated estimators of the finite population covariance (variance) are derived, using one or more weighting systems. Applying the model calibration theory, we construct here an adjusted linear regression model-assisted and calibrated estimator of the population covariance. The estimators derived are compared by simulation with the standard estimators of the respective parameters. The calibrated estimators of the population covariance are more efficient compared to the straight estimators provided the auxiliary variables are well correlated with the study variables. The problem of estimation... [to full text] / Disertacijoje nagrinėjamos papildomos informacijos panaudojimo galimybės konstruojant baigtinės populiacijos sumos, dispersijos ir kovariacijos įvertinius, bei sluoksniuojant baigtines populiacijas. Pirmiausia darbe sprendžiamas populiacijų sluoksniavimo uždavinys, kai tyrimo kintamojo skirstinys yra asimetrinis. Pasiūlomas naujas - pataisytasis geometrinis - sluoksniavimo metodas. Šis metodas modeliuojant lyginamas su trimis kitais žinomais metodais: kvadratinės šaknies iš skirstinio dažnio, geometriniu ir laipsninio sluoksniavimo metodu. Modeliavimo rezultatai rodo, kad vidutiniškai asimetrinėms populiacijoms geriausiai tinka laipsninio sluoksniavimo metodas, o ypač asimetrinėms populiacijoms geriausias yra pataisytasis geometrinis sluoksniavimas. Toliau nagrinėjami baigtinės populiacijos sumos kalibruotieji įvertiniai, sukonstruoti taikant skirtingas atstumo funkcijas. Modeliuojant tiriama šių įvertinių kokybė. Sukonstruoti nauji populiacijos kovariacijos kalibruotieji įvertiniai, naudojantys vieną, dvi ir tris svorių sistemas. Šie įvertiniai konstruojami pasirenkant skirtingas kalibravimo lygtis. Remiantis modeliais pagrįstų įvertinių teorija, čia taip pat sukonstruojamas pataisytasis tiesiniu regresiniu modeliu pagrįstas kalibruotasis populiacijos kovariacijos įvertinys. Modeliuojant įvertiniai lyginami tarpusavyje ir su standartiniais atitinkamų parametrų įvertiniais. Kalibruotieji įvertiniai yra kur kas tikslesni, jei tyrimo ir papildomų kintamųjų koreliacija yra... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

En français contemporain, l’hésitation dans le choix entre être et avoir comme auxiliaire dans les formes verbale composées (par ex. le passé composé) de certains verbes intransitifs (par ex. tomber), surtout dans des variétés non standards du français, démonte clairement l’écart qui existe entre le français normé et le français oral quotidien. Cette hésitation, voire l’incertitude, dans le choix de l’auxiliaire n’est pas une particularité arbitraire ou aléatoire de la langue contemporaine; elle s’inscrit plutôt dans une tendance diachronique et pan-romane que l’on a pu observer dans la langue française depuis son émancipation du latin. Notre étude, qui se fonde sur la théorie de la grammaticalisation, propose une analyse du discours grammatical de 1500 – époque où sont apparues les premières grammaires du français – jusqu’à 1789 avec la Révolution française, signalant le moment où la langue se serait stabilisée et aurait adopté sa forme moderne. Nous divisons les trois siècles de notre étude en quatre périodes distinctes, déjà bien établies dans les études historiques. Ce sont : - Le XVIe siècle (1530-1599) - La première moitié de la période classique (1600-1650) - La deuxième moitié de la période classique (1651-1715) - Le Siècle des lumières (1716-1789) Pour chacune des quatre périodes, l’analyse se fait en trois temps. Premièrement, nous recensons les grammairiens, les lexicographes et les essayistes qui se sont prononcés, soit explicitement, soit implicitement, sur l’emploi des auxiliaires être et avoir dans les formes verbales composées (FVC). Nous identifions, là où cela est possible, le dialecte maternel de chaque auteur et son modèle d’usage. Deuxièmement, nous résumons les observations et les commentaires sur l’emploi des auxiliaires dans les FVC formulés par chaque auteur, y compris les tentatives d’explication quant à la variation dans le choix de l’auxiliaire. Finalement, nous rapportons la description de l’emploi des auxiliaires dans les FVC proposée par des historiens de la langue française pour la période en question. Notre étude nous permet de confirmer, en ce qui concerne les FVC, certaines tendances déjà reconnues dans la langue française et d’en identifier d’autres. Également, nous avons pu repérer, voire circonscrire des facteurs qui ont eu une influence sur le choix, tels les verbes plus sensibles à l’alternance, les grammairiens dont l’autorité s’est imposé plus que d’autres ou avant les autres dans l’établissement de la norme sur ce point, les contextes sociaux dans lesquels le débat a eu lieu et la période pendant laquelle les préoccupations sur ce choix était les plus intenses. / In contemporary French, the hesitation in the choice between être and avoir as an auxiliary verb in compound verb forms (i.e. the passé composé) of certain intransitive verbs (i.e. tomber), especially in non-standard varieties of French, clearly demonstrates the gap that exists between normative French and everyday spoken French. This hesitation, or uncertainty, in the choice of the auxiliary is not an arbitrary or random characteristics of contemporary French; it falls squarely within a diachronical and cross-Romance trend that can be observed in the French language since its emancipation from Latin. This study, which is based on Grammaticalisation Theory, is an analysis of grammatical discourse from 1500 - the era when the first grammars of French appeared - to 1789 and the French revolution, a period when the language is said to have been standardised and its modern form established. The three centuries that this study covers are divided into four distinct periods, already well established by previous historical studies. These periods are : - The 16th century (1530-1599) - The first half of the Classical Period (1600-1650) - The second half of the Classical Period (1651-1715) - The Enlightenment (1716-1789) For each of these four periods, there are three levels of analysis. First, we identify the grammarians, lexicographers and essayists who, explicitly or implicitly, express their views on the use of the auxiliaries avoir and être in compound verbs forms, as well as, where possible, their native dialect and the model of French (usage) they promote. Second, we summarize the observations and commentaries of each author on the choice of auxiliary in compound verb forms, including any attempts to explain the variation attested during the period. Finally, we look at the description, for each period, of the use of auxiliaries in compound verb forms put forward by historians of the French language. Our study has allowed us to confirm certain established trends related to auxiliary use in compound verb forms in French and to identify others. As well, we identify, or define, the factors that influence auxiliary selection, such as the verbs most likely to alternate between the two auxiliaries, the grammarians who had the greatest influence or who set the groundwork for establishing the norm for this grammatical point, the social contexts in which the grammatical debate took place and the periods during which the concern over auxiliary selection was the most intense.

This thesis will examine the issues of women's spirituality, suffering, their survival in the midst of suffering. These issues will be examined in the context of a post-apartheid South Africa within a Christian framework looking at issues of faith and spirituality. More particularly the Methodist church will be examined, looking at key aspects of its spirituality and how that might have contributed and provided for its women. Two of the Methodist Women's organisations, the Women's Manyano and the Women's Auxiliary will be looked at; their history and significant aspects of their programmes and structures that have led them to be important places for the women who are part of them. The thesis will seek to determine how the Methodist Women's organisations have impacted the spirituality of two women especially when they have gone through difficult times. The lives of these two women are examined through conversations the author has with them. In particular the author will examine particular circumstances of these women and seek to set them against a background of their spirituality and in particular whether their particular Methodist organisation played any role during this time. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Christian Spirituality)

This thesis examines the role of national defence in British parliamentary politics between 1794 and 1812. It suggests that previous analyses of the late eighteenth-century political milieu insufficiently explore the impact of war on the structure of the state. Work by J.E. Cookson, Linda Colley, J.C.D. Clark, and Paul Langford depicts a decentralised state that had little direct involvement in developing a popular “British” patriotism. Here I argue that the threat of a potential French invasion during the wars against Revolutionary and Napoleonic France provoked a drive for centralisation. Nearly all the defence measures enacted during the period gave the government a much greater degree of control over British manpower and resources. The readiness of successive governments to involve large sections of the nation in the war effort through military service, financial contributions, and appeals to the British “spirit”, resulted in a much more inclusive sense of citizenship in which questions of national participation and political franchise were unlinked. National identity was also affected, and the focus on military defence of the British Isles influenced political attitudes towards the regular army. By 1810, however, the nation was disillusioned by the lengthy struggle with France. The result of lingering political weakness was that attention shifted from national defence onto domestic corruption and venality. The aftermath of the Irish Act of Union, too, demonstrated the limits of attempts to centralise the policy of the whole United Kingdom. Significantly, however, the debates over the relationship between the centre and the localities in the 1830s and 1840s, and the response to a new French invasion threat in the 1850s and 1860s, revived themes addressed during the 1790s and 1800s. The political reaction to the invasion threats between 1794 and 1812 ultimately had more in common with a Victorian state bureaucracy than an eighteenth-century ancien régime.

This master thesis presents the development of an auxiliary power supply to provide energy to sensors, gate drivers, instrumentation circuits and control of a three-stage Solid State Transformer (SST). These devices require an insulated power supply of ±15V and 5V. For reason of reliability and modularity, a distributed auxiliary source is proposed. Thus, it is necessary a power supply to provide energy to the low voltage (LV) side and another to the medium voltage (MV) side. With this proposal, the auxiliary power supply does not need to have the same galvanic insulation of the SST, 25kV. However, a local power supply must operate at high voltage levels and, consequently, contain a high step-down voltage gain. Relative to LV side, the most generally used topologies as an auxiliary power supply are discussed. However, these topologies cannot be used at the MV converters, due to the high voltage stress levels involved. A study of topologies used on medium and high voltage and which enable to reach a high step-down voltage gain is realized, and two interesting topologies for this application were found. One of them uses a Flying capacitor converter connected in cascade with a Double-Ended Flyback converter. The Flying capacitor converter lowers the DC bus voltage in a controlled manner to low voltage levels. So the Double-ended Flyback converter operates in LV and provides the insulated outputs to command circuits of SST. The other topology is a unidirectional four-level NPC converter operating as Double-ended Flyback converter. For this case, a modulation strategy that allows the converter to reach a high step-down voltage gain was also proposed. These topologies were evaluated and the one which showed the best result was the four-level Double-ended Flyback converter. This converter was implemented and the experimental results prove to be effective. For the LV side, a Half-bridge LLC resonant converter as auxiliary power supply was used. This converter operates in ZVS and performs the output voltage regulation through the operating frequency variation. The experimental results of this converter are also presented. / Este trabalho de mestrado apresenta o desenvolvimento de fontes auxiliares para alimentar sensores, circuitos de comando, instrumentação e o controle de um Transformador de Estado Sólido (SST) de três estágios. Estes dispositivos necessitam de alimentação isolada com tensões de ±15V e 5V e por questões de confiabilidade e modularidade, propõe-se a utilização de fontes auxiliares distribuídas. Assim, emprega-se uma fonte auxiliar para alimentar o lado de média tensão (MT) e outra para alimentar o lado de baixa tensão (BT). Com essa proposta, as fontes auxiliares não necessitam ter a mesma isolação galvânica do SST, 25kV. Entretanto, uma das fontes locais deve operar em níveis de tensão elevados e, por consequência, apresentar baixo ganho estático. No lado de BT, as principais topologias normalmente utilizadas como fonte auxiliar são discutidas. No entanto, devido aos altos níveis de tensão envolvidos, estas topologias não podem ser aplicadas ao conversor que opera em MT. Um estudo sobre topologias aplicadas a média tensão e que possibilitam alcançar um baixo ganho estático é realizado, sendo que duas topologias se mostram interessantes para esta aplicação. Uma consiste na utilização de um conversor de capacitores flutuantes conectado em cascata com um conversor Double-Ended Flyback. O conversor de capacitores flutuantes rebaixa a tensão do barramento CC, de forma controlada, para baixa tensão. Assim o Double-Ended Flyback opera em BT e fornece as saídas isoladas para alimentar os circuitos de comando do SST. A outra topologia trata-se de um conversor NPC de quatro níveis unidirecional operando como conversor Double-Ended Flyback. Para este caso, também foi proposta uma estratégia de modulação que permite o conversor alcançar o baixo ganho estático. Essas topologias foram avaliadas, apresentando melhor resultado a esta aplicação o conversor Double-ended Flyback de quatro níveis, conforme será demonstrado neste trabalho. Esse conversor foi implementado e os resultados experimentais comprovam o seu funcionamento. Para a fonte do lado de BT utilizou-se um conversor Half-Bridge LLC ressonante que opera em ZVS e realiza a regulação da tensão de saída pela variação da frequência de operação. Os resultados experimentais deste conversor também são apresentados.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study proposes an auxiliary commutation circuit, applied to a double-conversion uninterruptible power supply, operating with a three-level PWM full-bridge inverter. In order to construct this circuit, we use the concept of integration of auxiliary commutation circuit: the case study of ZVT. The concept of iCAC is not directly applied to three-level PWM inverters. Then, it is necessary the use of classic auxiliary commutation techniques combined with the concept of integration. In this study, it is presented a hybrid auxiliary commutation circuit. Due to the restrictions imposed by the iCAC, just one of the inverter legs can be integrated. To the other inverter leg it is used a conventional auxiliary commutation circuit. The proposed system aims at achieving a better performance if compared to the same uninterruptible power supply operating with a classic ZVT auxiliary commutation circuit. There is also the advantage that all the auxiliary switches operate with ZVS and/or ZCZ soft switching. Through the use of iCAC it is obtained a minimization of circulating reactive energy in the auxiliary commutation circuits and it contributes to increase the global performance of the uninterruptible power supply. The number of additional components is reduced in relation to the classic CAC and, consequently, the system becomes more attractive to the industry. During this study, the analysis of the system and the simulation results are presented. Finally, experimental results are presented, comparing the efficiency of the CAC iZVT proposed system versus the classic CAC ZVT, in order to validate the proposed system. / Este trabalho propõe um circuito de auxílio à comutação, aplicado a uma fonte ininterrupta de energia de dupla conversão, operando com inversor PWM ponte completa modulado em três níveis de tensão. Para obtenção desse circuito, este trabalho utiliza o conceito de integração de circuitos de auxílio à comutação: O estudo do caso ZVT. O conceito de iCAC não é aplicável diretamente a inversores PWM modulados em três níveis de tensão. Dessa forma faz-se necessário a utilização de técnicas clássicas de auxílio à comutação em conjunto com o conceito de integração. A partir deste estudo é proposto um circuito de auxílio à comutação híbrido. Devido às restrições impostas pelo iCAC apenas uma das pernas do inversor pode ser integrada. Para a outra perna do inversor é então utilizado um circuito de auxílio à comutação convencional. O sistema proposto visa obter melhor rendimento em relação à mesma fonte ininterrupta de energia operando com circuito de auxílio à comutação clássicos do tipo ZVT. Há também a vantagem de que todas as chaves auxiliares operam com comutação suave ZVS e/ou ZCS. Com uso do conceito de iCAC é obtida a minimização da energia reativa circulante nos circuitos de auxílio à comutação, o que contribui para elevar o rendimento global da fonte ininterrupta de energia. O número de componentes adicionais é reduzido em relação ao CAC clássico, tornando assim o sistema atrativo à indústria. Ao longo desse estudo, são apresentadas as análises do funcionamento do sistema e resultados de simulação são apresentados. Por fim, resultados experimentais são apresentados, comparando a eficiência do sistema proposto CAC iZVT versus CAC ZVT clássico, para dessa forma validar o sistema proposto.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:35:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marili.pdf: 2594029 bytes, checksum: 1470114d1e6efcfb1e8d3d1bee36c13a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The purpose of the present paper is the study of school museums introduced in public elementary schools in the state of Santa Catarina between 1911 to 1952, considered as material support to the development of pedagogical activities since the 19th century. The investigation is inserted into the discussions about school culture and material culture, having as reference the works of Escolano Benito, Viñao Frago, Souza, Bucaille and Pesez, and Meneses. The historical document analysis made it possible to map the incidence of museums in elementary schools, focusing in their organization and material composition. The documental corpus of the research is composed of Brazilian and foreign texts and books published in the period, educational magazines, education legislation specially decrees, regulations, educational programs and circular letters , government and inspection reports, pedagogical meeting minutes and school museums reports and meeting minutes. As material strategy for teaching concrete lessons, the museums are a part of the Brazilian pedagogical imaginary, at least since 1883 when the National School Museum of Rio de Janeiro was created, an institution dedicated to the exhibit of educational objects, furniture and materials, in addition to the professional training of working teachers. Previous researches indicate that this institution was replaced by the pedagogic museum named Pedagogium, in 1890. Among the objectives of the Pedagogium were the dissemination of similar institutions in other Brazilian states and the organization of school museums in schools, composed by mineralogical, botanical and zoological collections. In the public elementary schools of Santa Catarina, the introduction of this pedagogic device was due to the education reform in 1911, during which only newly-created school groups received in their physical structure a space for the installation of an office to store pieces to compose the museum. Emphatically, the authorities informed that the collections had been bought in France, at the establishment E. Deyrolles & Fils. From the 1930 s on, the museum stopped being seen as a part of the schools material devices, becoming an auxiliary association. As a result of an Educational Department undertaking, the associations were disseminated through all the state schools. During this time, the museum presence had a considerable increased, among other reasons, due to its material composition modification. If in the beginning of the 20th century it was provided by the state power formed by painting collections and imported natural samples , from the 1940 s on it starts being composed by teachers and students works, with elements picked by them and selected from nature. However, in spite of letting show a supposed simplification, the tendency followed the theoretical propositions elaborated since the 19th century, which the objective consisted in involving the children in the montage of the museums, which in itself was a facilitator way of educating. The implementation attempt of museums in schools in Santa Catarina demonstrated the wish to sync the educational processes developed here with the latest pedagogical trends; however, from the documental analysis made, it is considered that a considerable part of the museums have achieved more success in the symbolic level than in the didactic / O presente trabalho tem como objeto de estudo os museus escolares introduzidos em escolas públicas primárias do estado de Santa Catarina entre 1911 e 1952, considerados como apoio material ao desenvolvimento de atividades pedagógicas desde o século XIX. A investigação insere-se nas discussões acerca da cultura escolar e cultura material, tendo por referência os trabalhos de Escolano Benito, Viñao Frago, Souza, Bucaille e Pesez, e Meneses. A análise histórica documental permitiu mapear a incidência de museus em escolas primárias, com foco em sua organização e sua composição material. O corpus documental da pesquisa compõe-se de textos e livros brasileiros e estrangeiros publicados no período, de revistas educacionais, legislação do ensino ¿ sobretudo decretos, regulamentos, programas de ensino e circulares ¿, relatórios de governo e de inspeção, de atas de reuniões pedagógicas e atas e relatórios de museus escolares. Enquanto estratégia material para o ensino de lições concretas, os museus fazem parte do imaginário pedagógico brasileiro, pelo menos desde 1883, quando da criação do Museu Escolar Nacional no Rio de Janeiro, instituição voltada à exposição de objetos, móveis e materiais de ensino, além da formação de professores que exerciam o magistério. Pesquisas já realizadas indicam que esta instituição foi substituída pelo museu pedagógico denominado Pedagogium, em 1890. Entre os objetivos do Pedagogium estavam a disseminação de instituições similares em outros estados brasileiros e a organização de museus escolares nas escolas, por sua vez compostos de coleções mineralógicas, botânicas e zoológicas. Nas escolas públicas primárias de Santa Catarina, a introdução deste aparato pedagógico foi prevista na reforma do ensino de 1911, durante a qual apenas os grupos escolares recém-criados receberam em sua estrutura física espaço destinado à instalação de um gabinete para o armazenamento de peças destinadas a compor o museu. Com ênfase, informavam as autoridades que as coleções haviam sido compradas na França, no estabelecimento E. Deyrolles & Fils. Dos anos 1930 em diante, o museu deixou de ser visto como parte do aparelhamento material das escolas, tornando-se uma associação auxiliar. Como resultado de um empreendimento por parte do Departamento de Educação, as associações disseminaram-se pelas escolas de todo o estado. Nesse período, a presença de museus cresceu consideravelmente, entre outros fatores, em decorrência da modificação da sua composição material. Se no início do século XX ele era fornecido pelo poder estadual formado por coleções de quadros e amostras naturais importadas¿, dos anos 1940 em diante passa a ser constituído por obra de professores e alunos, com elementos por eles recolhidos e selecionados da natureza. Contudo, apesar de transparecer uma suposta simplificação, a tendência acompanhou as proposições teóricas elaboradas desde o século XIX, cujo objetivo consistia em envolver as crianças na montagem dos museus, o que por si só era um meio facilitador do ensino. A tentativa de implantação de museus em escolas catarinenses demonstrou o desejo de sintonizar os processos educativos aqui desenvolvidos com as ¿últimas¿ tendências pedagógicas; todavia, a partir da análise documental empreendida, considera-se que boa parte dos museus tenha logrado mais êxito no nível simbólico do que no didátic

Orientador: José Roberto Montes Heloani / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T09:35:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ribeiro_SandraFogacaRosa_D.pdf: 7845267 bytes, checksum: a17d0d7e79aeb6e9d02ddb4f2121902c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O trabalho do Agente Comunitário de Saúde na Estratégia Saúde da Família é de ordem técnica, no cuidado e na assistência a população e político, na organização da manifestação popular, compreendido como o elo entre a população e a equipe. A especificidade do trabalho do Agente Comunitário de Saúde é permeado por dificuldades no processo de identidade e sofrimento psíquico, identificados em pesquisas anteriores. O referencial teórico foi a Psicologia Social, Psicodinâmica do Trabalho e Saúde Coletiva. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a influência da atividade do Agente Comunitário de Saúde na sua privacidade por morar próximo ao local de trabalho. A metodologia foi de natureza qualitativa, utilizando uma combinação de recursos na coleta de dados: grupo focal e observação participante. De maneira geral, os resultados apontaram alguns pontos de intensificação do desgaste do agente comunitário de saúde, uns diretamente relacionados a perda da privacidade, por morar no território que trabalha, dificilmente contornáveis, pois lidar com o processo saúde-doença de pessoas que fazem parte da convivência diária, às vezes amigos e parentes é uma situação que dificilmente algum manejo técnico dê conta de resolver. Outros, como a falta de espaço para discutir os casos atendidos, desvalorização, poderiam ser minimizados por meio de mudanças na gestão e formação permanente. / Abstract: The Community Health Agent?s work in the Family Health Strategy is technical, in the care and assistance to population and political organization in the popular demonstration, understood as the relationship between the community and staff. The specificity of the Agent?s work is permeated by difficulties in the process of identity and psychic suffering, identified in previous researches. The theoretical framework was the Social Psychology, Work?s Psychotherapy and Collective Health. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the activity of the Community Health Agent in your privacy by living around workplace. The methodology was qualitative, using a combination of resources in data collection: focus groups and participant observation. Overall, the results indicated some points of increased wear of the Community Health Agent , some directly related to loss of privacy, living in the territory that works, hardly manageable because dealing with the health-disease process of people who living daily, sometimes friends and relatives, is a situation that hardly any technical account management get resolve. Others, such as lack of space to discuss the cases treated, devaluation, could be minimized through changes in management and continuing education. / Doutorado / Politicas, Administração e Sistemas Educacionais / Doutor em Educação

Les N-tert-butanesulfinamides, des auxiliaires chiraux développés par Ellman il y a une vingtaine d’années, sont à l’heure actuelle de plus en plus sollicités pour la préparation d’amines chirales fonctionnalisées, et ce, du fait de la disponibilité des deux énantiomères à faible coût et de leurs conditions de déprotection faciles à mettre en œuvre. Cependant, leur utilisation dans le cadre de la synthèse de dérivés trifluorométhylés quaternaires à partir des N-tert-butanesulfinylalkyl- ou arylcétimines correspondantes, connues pour leur faible hydrostabilité, reste à ce jour très limitée. Les éthers d’hémiaminals trifluorométhylés dérivés de l’auxiliaire d’Ellman constituent des analogues stables de ces cétimines. Ils permettent de générer in situ la cétimine correspondante, qui peut subir l’addition de l’espèce nucléophile présente. Ce manuscrit relate les différentes réactions étudiées sur ces éthers d’hémiaminals, donnant ainsi accès à des synthons azotés α-trifluorométhylés quaternaires de façon énantiopure : d’une part, les amines homoallyliques obtenues par l’addition d’allylalanes, qui, après quelques étapes, permettent de fournir les azétidines trifluorométhylées correspondantes, et d’autre part, les β3,3-aminoacides trifluorométhylés, préparés via une réaction de Reformatsky hautement diastéréosélective. Les acides β-aminés ainsi préparés ont été réinvestis dans des couplages peptidiques en solution pour la préparation d’une gamme d’α/β- et de β-di- et tripeptides, sur lesquels des études conformationnelles préliminaires ont été menées à l’état solide et/ou en solution.Mots-clés : Auxiliaire d’Ellman, Addition nucléophile, Couplage peptidique en solution, Dérivé azoté α-trifluorométhylé, Éther d’hémiaminal, Synthèse asymétrique. / Chiral N-tert-butansulfinamides, developped by Ellman 20 years ago, have been increasingly applied for the preparation of chiral functionnalized amines, because of the affordability of both enantiomers and of their mild conditions of cleavage. However, the use of theses auxiliaries for the synthesis of quaternary trifluoromethyl derivatives remains quite limited, the corresponding trifluoromethyl ketoimines being highly unstable.Chiral N-tert-butanesulfinyl alkyl(aryl) trifluoromethyl hemiaminal ethers have been developped to be used as bench-stable surrogates of these ketoimines : once under reaction conditions, they afford the corresponding ketoimine in situ, which can be subject to a nucleophilic addition.In this manuscript, different reactions led on these hemiaminal ethers are described, affording valuable and optically pure trifluoromethylated quaternary building-blocks : on the one hand, homoallylic amines, obtained by the addition of allylalane species, and which can afford, after a few steps, teh corresponding trifluoromethyl azetidines, and on the other hand, chiral trifluoromethyl β3,3-amino acids, afforded by a highly diastereoselective Reformatsky reaction.These β 3,3-amino acids have been then involved in solution-phase peptide couplings in order to synthetise a wide range of α/β- and β-di- and tripeptides, whose conformation have been the object of preliminary studies in the solid state and/or in solution.Key-words : Ellman auxiliary, Nucleophilic addition, Solution-phase peptide coupling, α-trifluoromethylated nitrogen derivative, Hemiaminal ether, asymmetric synthesis.

The thesis focuses on a design of visualization and setting limits of important parametres of power and own-consumption transformers at the nuclear power plant Dukovany. In the first part there is a description of a present technical state of oil power transformers at this power plant, including a description of a currently installed transformers monitoring system and electro monitoring system. The second part deals with a design of a visialization of parametrs and a diagram design of active-access displays of monitored parametrs of these transformers. In the thesis there is also a description of web interface with a new visualization. The last part of the thesis contains a design of setting the limits and criteria of important monitoring parametres of these transformers.