Internetbaserad kognitiv beteendeterapi (IKBT) för olika former av psykisk ohälsa har presenterats som ett alternativ till traditionell samtalsbehandling baserat på forskning från det senaste decenniet. Trots klinisk relevans och flera fördelar för patienter och behandlare går implementeringen långsamt i flera europeiska länder. Syftet med den föreliggande studien var att undersöka behandlares erfarenheter av att implementera IKBT i sina verksamheter. Intervjuer genomfördes med åtta behandlare hos en svensk offentlig vårdgivare, varefter en tematisk analys gjordes. Fyra huvudteman arbetades fram: En ny metod, En ny roll, Premisser och Lärande. Behandlarna har en övergripande samstämmighet och förståelse kring IKBT och dess användning, vilket är en viktig aspekt av implementeringen. Behandlarna beskriver dock också att kollegor som inte arbetar med behandling, men har en roll i implementeringen, ibland har bristande kunskap och negativa fördomar som förhindrar arbetet. Vidare berättar behandlarna att organiserat samarbete mellan aktiva behandlare bortprioriteras i den kliniska vardagen. Resultaten från analysen diskuteras med utgångspunkt i Normalization Process Theory. Vidare forskning kan utforska upplevelsen hos IKBT-utbildade behandlare som inte börjat arbeta med IKBT och hos icke-behandlande kollegor på arbetsplatser där metoden implementeras. / Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (ICBT) for different kinds of mental health issues has been presented as an alternative to traditional face-to-face treatment based on research from the last decade. Despite clinical relevance and several advantages for both patients and therapists the implementation of the method is progressing slowly in many European countries. The purpose of this study was to examine therapists’ experiences of implementing ICBT in their everyday work. Interviews were conducted with eight therapists in a Swedish public health care setting, after which a thematic analysis was made. Four main themes were defined: A new method, A new role, Premises and Learning. The therapists have an overarching mutual comprehension of ICBT and its use, which is an important aspect of the implementation. The therapists explained that colleagues that don't work with ICBT, but still have a role in the implementation, sometimes lack knowledge and have negative preconceptions which obstruct the work. Furthermore, therapists talked about organized collaboration between active therapists not being prioritized in the everyday clinical work. Results from the analysis are discussed by applying Normalization Process Theory to the findings. Further research could examine the experiences of ICBT-trained therapists who have not yet started working with ICBT and of colleagues who do not work with treatment in workplaces where ICBT is being implemented.

INTRODUÇÃO: Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar o efeito da injeção periuretral de células mononucleares derivadas de músculo estriado esquelético (CMDME) e a incorporação dessas células no esfíncter urinário de ratas, em modelo animal de incontinência urinária. MÉTODOS: As CMDMEs, foram isoladas de músculos dos membros pélvicos de ratos endogâmicos Whistar-Kyoto (WKY), machos. Os músculos foram submetidos à dissociação enzimática, seguida de isolamento das células mononucleares, sem necessidade de cultura e/ou expansão. A deficiência esfincteriana foi criada por uretrolise cirúrgica em 20 ratos endogâmicos WKY, fêmeas. Uma semana após, foi realizada a injeção periuretral de 1 x 106 de células, em 10 ratas (grupo CMDME), e 10 ratas receberam injeção de SF a 0,9% (grupo SF). Dez animais foram submetidos à cirurgia Sham e serviram como controle (grupo SHAM). Quatro semanas após a injeção, os ratos foram sacrificados, e as uretras, removidas. A incorporação das CMDMEs masculinas, na uretra feminina, foi confirmada pela detecção do cromossomo Y, através da hibridização in situ fluorescente. A porção média da uretra de cada animal foi processada para coloração pela hematoxilina-eosina e tricrômio de Masson e também imuno-histoquímica para actina e miosina. Usando software digital (Image Pro Plus 6.0), calcularam-se a proporção músculo/tecido conectivo e a proporção de actina e miosina em cada amostra de uretra, sendo as proporções comparadas entre os grupos. As mudanças morfométricas da uretra de cada animal, de cada grupo, foram avaliadas medindo-se o maior e o menor diâmetro da uretra e a espessura média da parede, utilizando software digital (Image J); áreas fracionais da luz, mucosa e camada muscular da uretra foram estimadas usando o método de contagem de pontos. RESULTADOS: No grupo CMDME, houve espessamento das camadas da musculatura lisa e estriada, e menor depósito de tecido conectivo, em relação aos animais do grupo SF. Uma diminuição da proporção músculo/tecido conectivo foi observada no grupo SF, em comparação ao grupo CMDME, e também em relação ao grupo SHAM (0,51 ± 0,28; 1,62 ± 0,53 e 2,27 ± 1,15, respectivamente, p < 0.001). A proporção de actina estava diminuída no grupo SF, em comparação com o grupo CMDME, e com o grupo SHAM (0,18 ± 0,04; 0,27 ± 0,02 e 0,27 ± 0,03, respectivamente, p < 0,001) sendo também observada esta diminuição na proporção de miosina (0,07 ± 0,01; 14 ± 0,02 e 0,15± 0,03, respectivamente, p < 0,001). Não houve diferença entre os grupos SF, CMDME e SHAM em relação ao diâmetro da uretra, espessura da parede uretral e áreas fracionais da luz, mucosa e parede muscular uretral. CONCLUSÕES: As CMDMEs foram incorporadas na uretra do grupo CMDME. Nestes animais, houve diminuição de tecido conectivo e aumento da quantidade de músculo liso e esquelético. As CMDMEs foram facilmente obtidas, sem necessidade de expansão celular, com pequeno tempo de preparo / INTRODUCTION: This study investigated the effect of periurethral injection of skeletal muscle-derived mononuclear cells (SMDMCs) into the urethral sphincter in an animal model of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). METHODS: SMDMCs were isolated from the hind limb muscles of male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) isogenic inbred rats. The muscles were enzymatically dissociated, and SMDMCs were directly isolated without the need for culture or expansion. Urinary sphincter deficiency was created by surgical urethrolysis in 20 female WKY rats. One week later, 10 rats received an injection of 1 x 106 cells (SMDMC group) and 10 rats received saline injections (Saline group). In addition, 10 rats were subjected to sham surgery (Sham group). Four weeks later, the rats were euthanized and their urethras harvested. The incorporation of male SMDMC in the female urethras was confirmed by the detection of Ychromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In addition, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson\'s trichrome staining, as well as immunohistochemistry analyses to actin and myosin were performed. Using digital software (Image Pro Plus 6.0), the muscle to connective tissue, actin and myosin ratios were calculated. A urethral morphological evaluation was conduced by measuring the diameters and mean wall thickness, using Image J software. Fractional areas of the lumen, mucosa and muscular layer were estimated using the point counting method. RESULTS: The SMDMCs were successfully incorporated into the urethra. Less collagen was observed among the muscle fibers and less atrophy was found in the smooth and skeletal muscle layers of the SMDMC group. A significant decrease in the muscle to connective tissue ratio was observed in the Saline group, compared with the SMDMC and Sham groups (0,51 ± 0,28 vs 1,62 ± 0,53 vs 2,27 ± 1,15, respectively; p < 0.001). The proportion of the actin was decreased in the Saline group, in comparison with the SMDMC and Sham groups (0,18 ± 0,04 vs 0,27 ± 0,02 vs 0,27 ± 0,03, respectively; p < 0,001); a decrease was also observed in the proportion of myosin (0,07 ± 0,01 vs 0,14 ± 0,02 vs 0,15± 0,03, respectively; p < 0,001). No significant differences were observed among the groups Sham, Saline and SMDMC in terms of urethral diameter, urethral wall thickness and fractional areas of the lumen, mucosa and muscular layer. CONCLUSIONS: The SMDMCs that were incorporated into the injured urethral sphincter resulted in decreased connective tissue and increased muscle content in the SMDMC group. SMDMCs were easily obtained, without need for cell expansion, and they only required a brief preparation time

Orientador: Ângela Cristina Malheiros Luzo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T17:27:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Manzini_BrunaMaria_M.pdf: 3170870 bytes, checksum: b4d5fa2d17ceaa12512b21b7a473e3bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Introdução: Cirrose e hepatite fulminante ocasionam diminuição severa da função hepática. Recentes avanços em terapia celular podem ser uma alternativa de tratamento. Objetivo desse estudo é analisar se MSCs obtidas de tecido adiposo (TA), sangue de cordão umbilical (SCU) e medula óssea (MO) se diferenciam em hepatócitos funcionais. Materiais e Métodos TA foi obtido de lipoaspiração, SCU do Banco Público de Cordão Umbilical e MO da Unidade de Transplante de Medula Óssea. Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido foi obtido de todos. TA foi submetido à digestão por colagenase, SCU e MO ao gradiente de Ficoll. As células obtidas foram cultivadas (DMEM meio baixa glicose, SFB) por 3 dias. As células aderentes foram tratadas com tripsina e cultivadas com meio acima e na quarta passagem, caracterizadas por citometria de fluxo, microscopia confocal e diferenciadas para linhagem mesoderrmal para confirmação da diferenciação em MSCs. Atividade da enzima Telomerase (TEA) e cariótipo foram realizados. Diferenciação para hepatócitos: 1,0 x103 MSCs foram semeadas em DMEM, HGF, bFGF, nicotinamida (7 dias), quando receberam meio de maturação (oncostatina, dexametasona e ITS) por 36 dias. A hepatogênese foi analisada por morfologia, funcionalidade (detecção da reserva de glicogênio, marcação PAS), absorção de Indocianina Verde e expressão gênica (PCR-TR dos genes albumina (Alb), Alpha- fetoproteina (AFP), tirosina amino-transferase (TAT) e glutamina sintetase (GS) nos dias 9, 18, 25 e 36). Transplantes: MSCs indiferenciadas e diferenciadas em hepatócitos derivadas de TA e MO infundidas em animais, sacrificados no 7° e 15° dias após transplante, para confirmação e avaliação da regeneração hepática por células humanas através de histopatológico. Resultados: MSCs foram obtidas das três fontes. Análises de telomerase e de cariótipo não demonstraram potencial tumorigênico. MSCs adquiriram morfologia cuboide semelhantes a hepatócitos. Análise funcional efetiva, demonstrando armazenamento de glicogênio e absorção de ICG. Expressão de albumina subiu progressivamente (3.7 no dia 9; 10 no dia 25). AFP inicialmente alta (4.5 dia 9; 5.0 no dia 18), diminuindo depois do dia 18 (3.0 dia 25 e 1.5 dia 36). GS aumentou 3 vezes mais durante processo de diferenciação. TAT foi maior que 6.6 (dia 25 e 36). Anatomopatológico dos transplantes demonstrou que apesar de todas as células conseguirem reverter a lesão, MSCs indiferenciadas foram mais efetivas. Conclusões:. Embora MSCs se diferenciaram em hepatócitos funcionais, devido demora em obter MSCs-SC relativa à diferenciação e expansão, talvez medula óssea e tecido adiposo sejam mais efetivos no processo de regeneração hepática utilizando terapia celular com MSCs / Abstract: Introduction: Liver cirrhosis and fulminant hepatites greatly diminishes liver function. Cell therapy could be a new tool for treatment. This study aimed analyze whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from adipose tissue (AT), umbilical cord blood (UBC) and bone marrow (BM) could differentiate into functional hepatocytes. Material and Method: Adipocyte tissue (AT) was obtained from lipoaspiration, umbilical cord blood from Umbilical Cord Blood Bank and bone marrow (BM) from BM Transplantation Unit donors. All patients and donors signed free informed consent. AT was submitted to collagenase digestion, UCB and BM to Ficoll gradient. Cells were cultured (DMEM low glucose medium, SFB) for 3 days. Detached adherent cells at passage four were characterized as MSCs by flow cytometry, mesodermal lineages differentiation. Telomerase enzyme activity, karyotype analyses discharged tumorigenicity. Hepatocyte differentiation protocol was: DMEM, HGF, bFGF, nicotinamide for 7 days; addition of maturation medium (oncostatin, dexamethasone and ITS) during 36 days. Hepatogenesis was analyzed by morphology and gene expression (RT-PCR) of albumin, AF, TAT and GS genes on day 9, 18, 25 and 36. Functionality confirmed by glycogen storage detection, indocyanine green( ICG) absorption and animal experiment performed with transplantation of undifferentiated AT and BM MSCs and hepatocyte-like cells derived from AT and BM-MSCs into BALB/NOD mice submitted to fulminant hepatitis by CCl4 intraperitoneal injection. Animals were sacrificed at 7 and 15 days post transplantation to perform anatomohistopathological analyses. Results: All MSCs acquired cuboid form as hepatocyte-like cells, stored glycogen and absorbed ICG demonstrating functionality. Albumin expression gradually increased (3.7 on day 9 , 10 on 25 ). AFP expression was high at the beginning (4.5 day 9 ; 5.0 on day 18 ) , decreasing after day 18 ( 3.0 and 1.5 on day 25 day 36 ). GS expression increased 3 times during the differentiation process. TAT expression was greater than 6.6 on day 25 and 36. Animal experiments showed that undifferentiated MSCs (U-MSCs) and derivate hepatocyte ¿like cells regenerate the injured liver, but in different degrees. U-MSCs promoted better liver regeneration. Conclusion: MSCs differentiated into funcional hepatocytes, U-MSCs promoted better regeneration at animal experiments, and might be a useful tool for regenerative medicine in liver injuries improving cell therapy in this field / Mestrado / Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica / Mestra em Ciências

The intervertebral disc (IVD), situated between adjoining vertebrae, consists of the gelatinous nucleus pulposus (NP) in the centre surrounded by the tougher annulus fibrosus (AF). Its main roles are to distribute loads and to act as joints. With aging, degenerative disc disease (DDD) occurs due to an imbalance in anabolic and catabolic events in the IVD, which results in a loss of function. Lower back pain (LBP) affects 84% of people at some point in their lifetime and is strongly associated with DDD. Current LBP treatments have limited long term efficacy and are symptomatic rather than curative. Cell-based therapies are regarded to hold great potential for the treatment of DDD as it has been hypothesised that they could regenerate the damaged tissue and alleviate LBP. A number of natural and synthetic biomaterials have been investigated as NP tissue engineering scaffolds with varying results. In this study, a self assembling peptide hydrogel (SAPH) was investigated for its potential as a cell carrier and/or scaffold for NP tissue engineering. SAPHs display the advantages of natural polymer hydrogels such as biocompatibility and biodegradability whilst combining the advantages of synthetic materials such as controlled structural and mechanical propertiesCharacterisation determined that the SAPH nanofibrous architecture had features that were of similar scale to extracellular matrix (ECM) components of the human NP. The mechanical properties of the SAPH could be optimised to closely match the native tissue. The system could shear thin and self-heal making the system ideally suited to delivery via minimally invasive procedure. The three dimensional (3D) culture of bovine NP cells (bNPCs) in the SAPH demonstrated that the NP phenotype could be restored after de-differentiation during monolayer culture. Gene expression results demonstrated that ‘traditional’ and ‘novel’ NP markers were highly expressed throughout in vitro culture. Cell viability was high, cell population remained stable and bNPCs adopted the characteristic rounded morphology of native NPCs. Finally, type II collagen and aggrecan, the main ECM components of the NP, were deposited with increasing production over culture period. Growth differentiation factor 6 (GDF-6) has been identified as the most promising current growth factor for inducing discogenic differentiation from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (h-BMMSCs). After samples were stimulated with GDF-6, gene expression results confirmed that a NP-like phenotype could be induced with high expression of ‘traditional’ and ‘novel’ NP markers. Cell viability was high, cell population remained stable and NP associated ECM components were deposited with cells displaying a rounded morphology. Interestingly, when h-BMMSCs were cultured without GDF-6, it was strongly suggested that spontaneous discogenic differentiation occurred after culture in the SAPHs as ‘traditional’ and ‘novel’ NP markers were highly expressed, morphology was comparable to native NPCs and type II collagen and aggrecan were deposited extracellularly. If these findings were accurate then this is the first study to demonstrate that a NP-like phenotype could be induced from MSCs without use of an exogenous growth factor or a discogenic bioactive motif. Despite exciting and novel results, further work is required to confirm the potential of SAPHs for NP tissue engineering scaffolds.

Orientador: Matheus Bertanha / Resumo: Introdução: Diversas doenças congênitas ou adquiridas promovem alterações anatômicas ou funcionais, dificultando ou impossibilitando a função de reservatório da bexiga, ou até mesmo necessitando sua remoção cirúrgica. Quando as terapias conservadoras não são eficazes, algumas técnicas cirúrgicas podem ser empregadas para o aumento ou reconstrução da bexiga e por fim, o desvio urinário pode ser a única alternativa terapêutica. No entanto, todas as técnicas cirúrgicas atuais podem levar a complicações. A substituição de tecidos da bexiga por equivalentes criados em laboratório poderia melhorar o resultado da cirurgia reconstrutiva. Objetivos: Propor um modelo de remendo de bexiga urinária produzido com uso de veias descelularizadas e semeadas com células-tronco mesenquimais em modelo animal em coelhos. Material e Métodos: Foram constituídos dois grupos de 5 coelhos fêmeas não prenhas. Os dois grupos de animais foram submetidos a anestesia inalatória e foi realizada uma cirurgia para retirada de um fragmento de 1 cm2 de bexiga para implantação do produto de teste. Grupo 1: Controle – foi implantado um segmento de 1cm2 de veia cava de coelho descelularizada com pontos contínuos de Vicryl 7.0; Grupo 2: Experimento – foi implantado um segmento de veia cava descelularizada semeada com células tronco autólogas, também fixado por pontos cirúrgicos de Vicryl 7.0 com pontos contínuos. Para o grupo 2, foram coletadas células-tronco mesenquimais autólogas derivadas de tecido adiposo que f... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Background: Several congenital or acquired diseases promote anatomical or functional changes, making it difficult or impossible for the bladder reservoir function, or even requiring its surgical removal. When conservative therapies are ineffective, some surgical techniques may be used to increase or reconstruct the bladder, and ultimately, urinary diversion may be the only therapeutic alternative. However, all current surgical techniques can lead to complications. Replacement of bladder tissues with laboratory-created equivalents could improve the outcome of reconstructive surgery. Recent research involving stem cells and cell engineering points to a promising future based on regenerative and tissue replacement therapy. Objectives: To propose a model of urinary bladder patch produced with the use of decellularized veins and seeded with mesenchymal stem cells in an animal model in rabbits. To evaluate the biointegration of the graft implanted in the urinary bladder of rabbits after 21 days by histomorphological study of the explant. Methods: Two groups of 5 non-pregnant female rabbits were formed. Both groups of animals underwent inhalation anesthesia and surgery was performed to remove a 1 cm2 bladder fragment for implantation of the test product. Group 1: Control - a 1cm2 segment of decellularized rabbit vena cava with continuous Vicryl 7.0 stitches was implanted; Group 2: Experiment - a decellularized vena cava segment seeded with autologous stem cells was implanted, also f... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Studien undersökte gruppbaserad compassionfokuserad terapi (CFT) i en klinisk miljö hos ungdomar med psykisk ohälsa samt hos omsorgspersoner till ungdomar med psykisk ohälsa. Syftet var att undersöka samband mellan deltagarnas upplevelse av CFT och psykiskt mående före och efter behandling. Deltagarna beskrev fritt sina upplevelser av CFT i en utvärderingsenkät som undersöktes med innehållsanalyser. Psykiskt mående skattades med en anpassad version av The Child Outcome Rating Scale (CORS) och förändring mättes med beroende t-test. Sambandet mellan dessa undersöktes med datan från båda instrumenten. Resultatet visade en övergripande positiv upplevelse av behandlingen. Omsorgspersonernas psykiska mående förbättrades signifikant, men inte ungdomarnas. Ett möjligt samband mellan positiv förändring i psykiskt mående och positiv behandlingsupplevelse syntes. Däremot sågs inget tydligt samband kring försämring i psykiskt mående och en negativ behandlingsupplevelse. CFT tycks vara hjälpsamt för omsorgspersoner till barn med psykisk ohälsa och eventuellt även för ungdomar med psykisk ohälsa men vidare forskning krävs. / The study examined group-based compassion-focused therapy (CFT) for adolescents with mental health problems, and caregivers to adolescents with mental health problems, in a clinical environment. The purpose was to examine the association between participants´ experiences of CFT and changes in psychological distress before and after treatment. Participants freely described their experience in an evaluation questionnaire, which were examined with content analyzes. Psychological distress was rated with a constructed version of The Child Outcome Rating Scale (CORS) and changes were measured with dependent t-test. Comparisons between both assessments examined their association. The results showed positive experiences of the treatment. Caregivers rated a significant improvement in psychological distress, however, adolescents did not. A possible association was discovered between improvement in psychological distress and positive experiences. However, there was no obvious pattern between impairment of psychological distress and negative experiences. CFT seems to be a helpful treatment for caregivers to adolescents with mental health problems and possibly also to adolescents with mental health problems, but further research is required.

No description available.

Intensive in-home services is a family-centered, strength-based intervention program offering comprehensive treatment that includes family therapy, mental health treatment and parenting skills for caregivers, development of positive social systems, and assistance with accessing community resources for long-term support (Youth Villages, 2013b). Framed on family system theory, Intensive-In Home Services (IIHS) was developed from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Functional Family Therapy, Social Development, and Crisis Intervention models as a means to modify behaviors that place youth at risk for out-of-home placement. The socio-historical development of these models is examined in the literature review. Intensive in-home services is a family-centered, strength-based intervention program offering comprehensive treatment that includes family therapy, mental health treatment and parenting skills for caregivers, development of positive social systems, and assistance with accessing community resources for long-term support (Youth Villages, 2013b). Framed on family system theory, Intensive-In Home Services (IIHS) was developed from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Functional Family Therapy, Social Development, and Crisis Intervention models as a means to modify behaviors that place youth at risk for out-of-home placement. The socio-historical development of these models is examined in the literature review. The purpose of this study was to evaluate predictors that may influence outcome measures of a youth’s inclination to remain in the home after having received IIHS treatment. The significant predictors were determined to be age, race, and total length of service received. The study sampled 3,131 youth ages birth through 17 who received IIHS services in Tennessee over a 10-year period and were discharged from July 2001 to July 2010. The study was limited to youth designated under Comprehensive Child and Family Treatment (CCFT), which is classified as part of TennCare coverage. The primary goal of CCFT is to empower families to monitor and manage mental health needs and high-risk youth behaviors in order to provide permanency and longterm stability in the natural home environment (UnitedHealthcare, 2012).

Light and optical techniques have made a profound impact on modern medicine both in diagnostics and in therapy. Therapeutic action of light is based on photomechanical, photothermal, photochemical and photobiological interactions, depending on the wavelength, power density, exposure time and optical properties of tissue and cells. Last decade experienced a growing rise of commercial devices for management of hair growth, where all of them are based on low levels of light resulting into photobiological, non-thermal interaction of photons with cells, a process that recently has received an official term ‘photobiomodulation’. However, the design and analysis of the reported clinical studies are highly debated in a wider scientific community. The picture is further complicated by a virtual lack of proof about the exact molecular targets that mediate the physiological response of skin and hair follicles (HF) to low levels of light. The goal of this project was to investigate the expression of light-sensitive receptors in the human HF and to study the impact of UV-free blue light on hair growth ex vivo. The expression of Cryptochromes 1 and 2 (CRY1, 2), Opsin 2 and 3 (OPN2 and OPN3), but not other Opsins 1, 4 and 5 was detected in the distinct compartments of skin and anagen HF. Evaluation of the physiological role of detected light-sensitive receptors on hair growth was performed by the modulation of photoreceptors activity in HF ex vivo model. HFs treated with KL001, a stabilizer of CRY1 protein that lengthens the circadian period, delayed HF anagen-catagen transition; while silencing of CRY1 induced premature catagen development accompanied by reduced cell proliferation. Silencing of CRY1 in the HF outer root sheath (ORS) cells in vitro caused downregulation of ii genes involved in the control of proliferation; including the cyclin dependent kinase 6 (CDK6). OPN3 also had a positive effect on metabolic activity and proliferation of the ORS cells in vitro. OPN3 silencing resulted in the altered expression of genes involved in the control of proliferation and apoptosis. Investigated CRY1, OPN2 and 3 greatly absorb in the blue to green-region of the visible spectrum. This led us to investigate the effect of blue light on HF growth. Daily treatment with blue light (453 nm, 3.2 J/cm2, 16 nm full width half maximum) prolonged anagen phase in HF ex vivo that was associated with sustained proliferation. In addition, blue light (3.2 J/cm2) significantly stimulated proliferation of ORS cells in vitro. This effect was abrogated by silencing of OPN3. To summarize, CRY 1, OPN 2 and OPN 3 are expressed in the distinct compartments of the HF, including HF stem cells. Blue light (453 nm) at low radiant exposure exerts a positive effect on hair growth ex vivo, potentially via interaction with OPN3. The further research should be conducted to decipher interactions between blue light and the investigated receptors in the HFs. In addition, the beneficial effect of blue light at low radiant exposure on hair growth raises a possibility of increasing therapeutic efficacy when combined with topical chemistry used for management of hair growth.

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die aktuelle wissenschaftliche Evidenz zur Diagnostik und Therapie neuropsychologischer Störungen nach Hirnschädigung, wie sie bis 2020 in Leitlinien publiziert wurde. Deren Umsetzung ist nur möglich, wenn die institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen dies erlauben. Unter Einbezug der klinischen Erfahrung wurden daher auf Basis der Leitlinien Standards für eine wissenschaftlich fundierte neuropsychologische Diagnostik und Therapie erarbeitet. Es entstanden Best-Practice-Empfehlungen zu Strukturund Prozessqualität, insbesondere zu Intensität und Häufigkeit der Interventionen. Diese werden für die wichtigsten neuropsychologischen Funktionsbereiche vorgestellt. Sowohl die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neuropsychologie e. V. (GNP) als auch die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie e. V. (DGN) unterstützen diese Empfehlungen. Sie richten sich an Neuropsycholog_innen sowie an Einrichtungsleitende und Sozialversicherungsträger und definieren die Rahmenbedingungen für eine auf den individuellen Fall angepasste leitliniengerechte neuropsychologische Behandlung. / Recent years have seen the establishment of evidence-based guidelines for neuropsychological diagnostics and therapy; however, implementing these guidelines depends on structures and processes necessary to enable essential aspects like therapy frequency and intensity. The present work examines the current scientific evidence for the neuropsychological treatment of traumatic and nontraumatic brain injury, as published in guidelines up to 2020. Standards for evidence-based neuropsychological diagnostics and therapy were developed on this basis, including clinical experience and additional literature research. Best-practice recommendations on both general and specific structural and process quality emerged, especially on the intensity and frequency of interventions. These are presented for the most important neuropsychological functional areas. The German Neuropsychological Society (GNP) and the German Society for Neurology (DGN) support these recommendations. They are aimed at neuropsychologists as well as facility managers and social insurance providers, and they define the framework for guideline-based neuropsychological treatment adapted to individual cases.