The purpose of this study was to investigate turnaround reform by identifying student factors from the perspective of successful turnaround leaders in Virginia that hinder or aid the process and the supports in place to address learning issues. It was determined, through a literature review, that research focused on the school culture, leadership, teacher and parent factors concerning turnaround reform efforts, but there was little mention of students beyond the scores they produce on end-of-the-year standardized tests. The central research question investigated the student-related factors that impact a school's ability to increase academic achievement within the turnaround process. Interviews were conducted with four successful turnaround principals in Virginia. The results of the study indicated the student factors thought to impact learning were reading issues, teacher competency issues, students' personal needs, attendance issues, and discipline issues. While the first inclination of school leaders in a failing school may be to find the 'quick fix' to turn scores around, the principals in this study focused on three fundamental goals: get the students to read more, keep students in the classroom, and meet students' needs. Research in the area of turnaround strategies and implementation is useful for school boards and principals as they endeavor to raise the achievement of their students. This study of successful turnaround organizations focusing on how student-related factors impact academic performance would be beneficial in determining whether the organizational structure supports or hinders Priority School reform. This examination of how student-related factors contribute to an organization's capability to turn around low performance informs administrators and policy makers on strategies to overcome the learning barriers that may exist. / Ed. D.

In 2002, Congress reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (1965), more commonly known today as the No Child Left Behind Act (2002). Many of the initiatives within the act have come under significant scrutiny, not least of which is providing supplemental educational services to students in "failing" schools. The purpose of this multi-site, cross-case study was to examine how supplemental educational services impact students as viewed through the perspectives of elementary school teachers and principals. Elementary school teachers and their principals who currently have, or have had in the recent past, students enrolled in these supplemental services were the targeted populations for this study. Teachers and principals were selected because they have unique and enduring interactions with students and are in a position to assess how programs such as those delivered by supplemental educational service providers affect students. Four schools were selected based on geographic location (reasonable proximity to the researcher), number of participants in supplemental educational services, NCLB designation (the school was designated as in the second year or beyond of improvement), and willingness to participate in the study. When data from the four schools were considered in a cross-case analysis, the following themes emerged: (1) students realized varying outcomes as a result of participating in supplemental educational services, (2) supplemental educational services varied in their perceived quality depending on whether the providers were internal or external, (3) teachers and principals considered communication with supplemental educational service providers as an indicator of their quality, (4) teachers and principals viewed tailoring of supplemental educational services to meet particular student's needs as a hallmark of their quality, (5) teachers and principals recommended using existing school assessments, observation, and attendance as measures of the impact of supplemental educational services, and (6) teachers and principals recommended increased communication, increased individualization of tutoring, certification of tutors, and changes in tutoring schedules as ways to improve supplemental educational services. These results provide policy makers with information that may be helpful in better understanding the impact of supplementary educational services on elementary students and how they might adjust the program to make it more effective. / Ph. D.

Cette thèse se compose de trois chapitres indépendants sur les enfants de migrants restés au village en Chine, ainsi que sur les personnes âgées vivant seules en Thaïlande et au Vietnam. Le premier chapitre traite de la manière dont les frais de scolarité dans les zones urbaines affectent la migration des enfants en Chine. Nos résultats suggèrent que des frais plus élevés empêchent les travailleurs migrants d’amener leurs enfants avec eux dans les zones urbaines. Nous trouvons également que les travailleurs migrants dans la situation la plus précaire sont les plus touchés par une augmentation des frais de scolarité. Le deuxième chapitre étudie les répercussions de la migration interne des enfants adultes et de leurs envois de fonds sur l'offre de main-d'œuvre de leurs parents restés en zone rurale au Vietnam. Les résultats montrent que les mères ont tendance à travailler plus si elles ont des enfants migrants, mais à travailler moins lorsqu'elles reçoivent des fonds de leur part. À l'inverse, les pères sont moins touchés par la migration de leurs enfants et par leurs envois de fonds. Le troisième article examine l’impact de la retraite universelle introduite en Thaïlande en 2009 sur le bien-être et l'offre de main-d'œuvre de ses bénéficiaires et de leurs conjoints. Les résultats empiriques montrent que ce régime de retraite ne génère pas d'impact significatif sur la pauvreté ou les dépenses des ménages, mais recevoir une retraite a un impact négatif important sur la participation des bénéficiaires au marché du travail. De plus, les hommes comme les femmes réagissent à la perception d’une retraite par leur conjoint en quittant leur emploi et en restant inactifs. / This dissertation consists of three independent papers on the left-behind children in China and the left-behind elderly in Thailand and Vietnam. The first paper addresses how school fees in urban areas affect child migration in China. Our findings suggest that higher fees deter migrant workers from bringing their children to urban areas, and more vulnerable migrant workers are most affected by an increase in school fees. The second paper investigates the impacts of adult children’s internal migration and remittances on the labor supply responses of the rural left-behind parents in Vietnam. The results show that mothers tend to work more if they have migrant children, and they tend to work less when they receive remittances from their migrant children. Conversely, fathers tend to be less affected by child migration and their remittances. The third paper examines the impacts of the universal social pension introduced in Thailand in 2009 on the well-being and the labor supply responses of the recipients and their spouses. The empirical results show that the social pension scheme does not generate significant impacts on household poverty status or expenditures, but receiving social pensions has a significant negative impact on beneficiaries' own labor market participation. Further, both men and women are found to respond to their spouses' pensions by leaving their jobs and staying inactive.

Since the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) was passed in 2001, museum educators have faced new challenges in designing programming that incorporates state standards of education while remaining faithful to the integrity of the museum’s collection and mission. Some museums have created programs that address these educational standards and can be used in school classrooms. This project is a case study of how one Virginia museum, Preservation Virginia, created a classroom program that addresses the state mandated Standards of Learning (SOLs). The report of this project includes discussion of the current debates that surround NCLB and its relationship to museum education. It also describes the five lesson plans included in the John Marshall House Trunk and explains why additions to those lesson plans have recently been created in order to incorporate inquiry-based teaching methods endorsed within museum education literature.

By grounding my work in this series of four essays in literary theory, but telling stories to which almost anyone can relate I hope to begin making the connection between sometimes heady academics and everyday working-class Americans. Only when learners understand their circumstances and the need for education, can they begin to take control of what they learn and how they employ that knowledge.

As part of the reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act the federal government has added the requirement that all schools receiving Title I funds must have "highly qualified teachers" in every classroom. The term "highly qualified teacher" comes from the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. What exactly is a "highly qualified" teacher? This part of the law is widely debated throughout the fifty states, but most agree that a teacher's subject-matter knowledge and experience result in increased student achievement.(Ansell& McCase, 2003) Some states have made progress in meeting the "highly qualified" requirement of NCLB. However, most states have merely established the criteria for determining if a teacher is highly qualified (Keller, 2003). The Education Trust has called for clarification from the Department of Education on the guidelines for the teacher quality provision of the law. Ten states have put into law all the requirements of the federal law, 22 have done some work toward that goal, and 18 states still have a long way to go (Keller). With so many states still grappling with compliance to the law, this study may well give policy makers in those states options that are being used in other states to consider. In addition, the study focuses on middle school and the possible impact these requirements will have on staffing of middle schools. Policy makers would do well to look at this aspect closely since middle school is often where education "loses" many students to dropping out. Also, the middle school is where the greatest number of non-certified teachers are working and where the greatest percentage (44%) of teachers are teaching without even a minor in the subject they teach (Ingersoll, 2002).

Since the passage of No Child Left Behind, the output of education has been measured through student achievement on standardized tests. School ratings, student graduation, teacher jobs and school charters are all tied to these tests. This study analyzes the extent to which math and science public high school teachers in New Orleans focus on critical thinking and creativity, skills needed to be successful in the future. Through a framework of Richard Paul’s model of critical thinking and Theresa Amabile’s social psychology of creativity, this study evaluates support for critical thinking and creativity through classroom observations, analysis of instructional materials and teacher interviews. Findings indicate that teachers at academically selective schools are more likely to support critical thinking and creativity in their classrooms than teachers at open enrollment schools. Classroom tests of participating teachers mainly focus on assessing basic knowledge and skills, not critical thinking and creativity.

Mörk turism är ett växande fenomen som ger turisten möjligheten till mer annorlunda resor, där död, olyckor och det makabra är i fokus. Som dödliga varelser kan man argumentera att det alltid finns ett visst intresse för döden, både sin egen död och andras (Stone 2006). Mörk turism är heller inget nytt fenomen. Stone (2006) konstaterar att man kan dra kopplingar med mörk turism ända till de romerska gladiatorspelen. Ett annat tidigt exempel av mörk turism kan vara offentliga avrättningar under medeltiden. Under åren har fenomenet mörk turism förändrats. Enligt Stone (2006) har mörk turism under det senaste århundradet blivit mer utbrett, Stone (2006) citerar Smith (1998); the largest single category of tourist attraction in the world” när det kommer till platser som har en koppling till mörka och historiska händelser. Det är framför allt platser med koppling till krigsskadade platser.    Denna studie syftar till att skapa en förståelse varför individer besöker mörka platser. Respondenternas resmål har i sin tur kopplat samman med deras nationalitet och motiven bakom resan. Denna studie grundar sig på en kvantitativ studie i form av en elektronisk enkät skapad i programmet Survey&Report. Den insamlade enkätdatan har i sin tur analyserats i SPSS för att få en djupare inblick av resultatet. För att besvara vårt syfte och frågeställningar har vi valt att publicera enkäten i två olika Facebook-grupper Dark Tourism Photography & Dark Tourism and Curious Places och i Redditgruppen dark tourism. Enkäten delades även ut till individer som vi ansåg vara lämpliga för studien.   Det totala antalet respondenter blev 52. Resultatet av denna studie visar på att de flesta av respondenterna besökte mörka platser med motiven ‘Utbildande syfte’ och ‘Att minnas det förflutna. En central fråga i frågeformuläret var även om respondenten såg något etiskt dilemma med att besöka mörka platser. Här var resultatet relativt tudelat där nästan lika många svarade Ja som Nej. / Dark tourism is a growing phenomenon that gives the tourist the opportunity to travels focusing on death, accidents and the macabre are in focus. As mortal beings, one can argue that there is always some interest in death, both our own death and others (Stone 2006). Dark tourism is also not a new phenomenon. Stone (2006) notes dark tourism can be traced back to the Roman gladiator games. Another early example of dark tourism may be public executions during the Middle Ages. Over the years, the phenomenon of dark tourism has changed. According to Stone (2006), dark tourism in the last century has become more widespread, Stone (2006) cites Smith (1998); “the largest single category of tourist attraction in the world”. When it comes to places that have a connection to dark and historical events. It is mainly places with connections to places damaged by war. This study aims to create an understanding why individuals visit dark places. The respondents' destinations, are linked to their nationality and the motives behind the trip. This study is based on a quantitative study in the form of an electronic survey created in the program Survey & Report. The collected survey data has in turn been analysed in SPSS to get a deeper insight into the result. In order to answer our research aim and questions, we have chosen to publish the survey in two different facebook groups Dark Tourism Photography & Dark Tourism and Curious Places and in the Reddit group dark tourism. The survey was also sent out to individuals who we considered being suitable for our research subject 52 respondents participated in the survey. The result of this study shows that most of the respondents visited dark places with the motives ‘Educational purpose’ and ‘To remember the past. A central question in the questionnaire was ‘if the respondent saw some ethical dilemma’ with visiting dark places. Here, the result was relatively divided, where almost as many answered Yes as No.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-04-18T11:49:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HELENA VIEIRA DA COSTA.pdf: 770835 bytes, checksum: 6e5ae38cb01a1c37b15936bab455a795 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-18T11:49:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HELENA VIEIRA DA COSTA.pdf: 770835 bytes, checksum: 6e5ae38cb01a1c37b15936bab455a795 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-20 / The literary work A casca da serpente, by José J. Veiga, is the object of analysis of the dissertation. The look is about the language and the (dis) way from the real to the imaginary, for they reveal the process of creation of art as enigmas in the so-called multi-meaning of words. The reader's imagination is sharpened in reading, by which he knows himself, the other, and the world. Images gain meaning in the human mind that creates forms of knowledge. There is construction of paradigms between intertextualized works. Through the system of signs, the perspective of the real dialogues with the artistic imaginary. It aims to observe the language of invention that turns to itself. It aims to analyze language as a counter-discourse. Understand the signs that intertextualize the sacred, the allegory, the imaginary and the artistic creation itself. Thus, the corpus becomes a sample of the inventive process of José J. Veiga, being the vehicle of cultural symbols of the human condition, such as the changes occurring in the central character, symbolizing a search for human improvement, in all aspects, including a idealized world construction where the participation and interaction of all are allowed. / A obra literária A casca da serpente, de José J. Veiga, é o objeto de análise da dissertação. O olhar está sobre a linguagem e o (des)caminho do real ao imaginário, por revelarem o processo de criação da arte como enigmas no dito multissignificativos das palavras. A imaginação do leitor é aguçada na leitura, pela qual conhece a si, o outro e o mundo. As imagens ganham significado na mente humana que cria formas de saberes. Há construção de paradigmas entre obras intertextualizadas. Pelo sistema de signos, a perspectiva do real dialoga com o imaginário artístico. Objetiva observar a linguagem da invenção que se volta para si própria. Visa analisar a linguagem enquanto contradiscurso. Compreender os signos que intertextualizam o sagrado, a alegoria, o imaginário e a própria criação artística. Assim, o corpus torna-se mostra do processo inventivo de José J. Veiga, sendo veículo condutor de símbolos culturais da condição humana, como as mudanças ocorridas no personagem central, simbolizando uma busca por aprimoramento humano, em todos os aspectos, inclusive com uma construção de mundo idealizado onde é permitida a participação e interação de todos.

In January 2002, President George W. Bush signed the No Child Left Behind legislation into law. The law established new standards of accountability for individual students, schools, and school systems. Because of No Child Left Behind, the penalties for schools with poor academic performance in our country are the loss of reputation, student enrollment, and financial support. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a difference in standardized test scores in reading and math between fourth-grade students in Title I schools and those in NonTitle I schools. The study focused on the following subgroups: gender, economically disadvantaged students, and students with disabilities. The data were gathered from an analysis of standardized test scores in reading and math of fourth-grade students in 172 elementary schools located in 21 East Tennessee school systems. The data were collected from the 2002-2003 Terra Nova Standardized Assessment Test scores. The Terra Nova test is a standardized test used to evaluate academic progress in the state of Tennessee. In summary, there were some differences between Title I and NonTitle I fourth-grade students in the subject areas of reading and math. Significant differences were noted within the subcategory of gender in both reading and math. Significant differences were also noted within the subcategory of students with disabilities in the content area of math. No significant differences were found in reading for students with disabilities. There were no significant differences between Title I and NonTitle I schools in reading and math within the subcategory of economically disadvantaged students.