No description available.

The democratic elections in 1994 marked the formal end of apartheid. During apartheid 'race' was, for the most part, a somewhat rigid construct which, despite many nuances and complexities, typically seemed to frame whiteness as dominant, normative and largely invisible, and blackness as subordinate and marginalised. The transformations brought about in post-apartheid South Africa have heralded many positive reformations, such as macrolevel institutional changes. However, many of apartheid's racialised patterns of privilege and deprivation persist and 'race' continues to influence the identities of South Africans. Furthermore, an inherent tension exists in South Africa's social fabric, where ‘race’ and racism are often juxtaposed against narratives of the Rainbow Nation and colourblindness. This study, which is framed by critical 'race' theory and social constructionism, aims to explore the extent of the fluidity and rigidity of 'race', racialisation and racialised identities in post-apartheid South Africa by exploring the narratives of black and white first year students. This study collected the narratives of seven black and seven white first year South African university students. It was found that South African youth identities can be seen to be functioning in relation to and reaction against both South Africa’s racialised past as well as its present socio-cultural context. It was found that the racialised patterns which characterised apartheid still impact on black and white youth identity in contemporary South Africa. For instance, despite the many disruptions to whiteness post-1994, it was noted as still being a normative and dominant construct to some extent. Similarly, despite attempts to rectify power imbalances in the new South Africa, blackness is still constructed as being somewhat other and inferior. However, many alternative voices emerged which subverted these narratives, suggesting that identity is in a state of flux. Thus, despite the continued influence of apartheid’s racialised patterns of identity, shifts and schisms are appearing in post-apartheid racialised identity, where issues of racialised dominance and power relations are no longer as clear cut as they once were.

Submitted by YANELYS ABREU BABI null (yanelysabreu83@gmail.com) on 2017-03-17T03:28:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 A cor da resistência - os sentidos em torno da negritude no discurso do rap cubano e do rap brasileiro.pdf: 1754746 bytes, checksum: 9f71b08ea8a30ceb9290f7703c234337 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-03-21T18:56:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 babi_ya_dr_sjrp.pdf: 1754746 bytes, checksum: 9f71b08ea8a30ceb9290f7703c234337 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-21T18:56:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 babi_ya_dr_sjrp.pdf: 1754746 bytes, checksum: 9f71b08ea8a30ceb9290f7703c234337 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-17 / Asociación Universitaria Iberoamericana de Postgrado (AIUP) / Pró-Reitoria de Pós-Graduação (PROPG UNESP) / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo fundamental analisar e descrever, nos discursos do rap cubano e do rap brasileiro, os mecanismos relacionados com as noções teóricas de condições de produção, formação ideológica e formação discursiva, que são usados na construção de sentidos em torno da negritude. Para tanto, tomou-se como base o universo teórico da Análise do Discurso de Michel Pêcheux, que coloca a importância dessas noções. Para analisar os sentidos atribuídos à negritude no rap cubano e no rap brasileiro definiu-se quem fala e para quem; o objeto do discurso; as forças em confronto no marco das relações étnico-raciais em Cuba e no Brasil; e a noção de pré-construído. A pesquisa tem enfoque comparativo e salienta os pontos em comum entre as relações étnico-raciais em ambos os países, assim como as diferenças entre as formas como se expressa o racismo nesses contextos. Foram analisados vinte raps (dez de cada país), compostos por rappers negros das cidades de Havana e de São Paulo, no período entre 2000 e 2012. Verifica-se, nos discursos estudados, uma atribuição de sentidos positivos para a negritude, como resposta aos sentidos negativos que circulam majoritariamente em ambas as sociedades e são usados para inferiorizar o grupo étnico-racial negro. Esses sentidos são construídos em torno do corpo, da história, da cultura, do comportamento e da inserção social do negro e se relacionam, fundamentalmente, com beleza, coragem, inteligência, orgulho, fortaleza, religiosidade, revolta, humanidade, resistência, honestidade e superação. Os sentidos construídos em torno da imagem da mulher negra, vítima de machismo e racismo em ambas as sociedades, também são relevantes na análise. Este trabalho procura trazer contribuições para os estudos linguísticos e culturais que fazem referência tanto à sociedade cubana como à brasileira. No contexto cubano, em que o discurso do gênero constitui uma das principais plataformas de denúncia contra o racismo, o presente trabalho contribui para ampliar a bibliografia sobre a relação, ainda pouco abordada nos estudos linguísticos e culturais, entre rap e relações étnico-raciais. No caso do Brasil, mesmo havendo um maior número de pesquisas sobre o assunto, a realização de um estudo como o proposto joga luzes sobre a maneira como o racismo opera em realidades sociais com um histórico similar. Em ambos os países, esta tese favorece a visibilidade das formas de resistência desenvolvidas pela população negra. / This work has as fundamental objective to analyze and describe the mechanisms that refer to the theoretical notions of conditions of production, ideological formation and discursive formation and are involved in the construction of meanings about blackness on the discourse of Cuban and Brazilian rap music. In order to do so, this research is situated in the theoretical horizon of Michel Pêcheux’s Discourse Analysis, placing in the construction of the discourse the importance of these notions. To analyze the assigned meanings to the blackness in Cuban and Brazilian rap music discourse, it was defined who speaks and to whom; the objective of the discourse; the confrontational forces within the framework of ethnic-racial relations in Cuba and Brazil and the pre-constructed notion. The research has a comparative approach and points out the commonalities about the ethnic-racial issues in both countries, as long as the differences among the ways to express the racism in those contexts. Twenty raps were analyzed (10 from each country), composed by black rappers from Havana and Sao Paulo, between the years 2000 and 2012. It is possible to observe in the studied discourses the attribution of positive meanings to blackness, as an answer against the negative meanings that are mostly present in both societies and are used to abash the ethnic-racial black group. Those senses are constructed about the body, the history, the culture, the behavior and social insertion of the black people and it relates, mostly, to the beauty, courage, intelligence, proud, strength, religiosity, rage, humanity, endurance, honesty and overcoming. Senses constructed around black woman’s image, victim of male chauvinism and racism in both societies, are also relevant to the analysis. This work aims to bring contributions to the linguistic and cultural studies that refer to both societies, Cuban and Brazilian. In the Cuban context, where the gender discourse constitutes one of the main complaint platforms against racism, the following work contributes to expand the bibliography about this relation, still not too much addressed in the linguistic and cultural studies, between rap music and ethnic-racial relations. In Brazilian context, where is a greater number of researches about the subject, the production of a study as the proposed one brings more information about the way that racism operates in social realities with a close background. In both countries, this thesis contributes to the visibility of the resistance developed by the black people. / El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo fundamental analizar y describir, en los discursos de rap cubano y de rap brasileño, los mecanismos relacionados con las nociones teóricas de condiciones de producción, formación ideológica y formación discursiva, que son usados en la construcción de sentidos en torno de la negritud. Se tomó como base el universo teórico del Análisis del Discurso de Michel Pêcheux, que coloca a importancia de esas nociones. Para analizar los sentidos atribuidos a la negritud en el rap cubano y en el rap brasileño se definió quien habla y para quien; el objeto del discurso; las fuerzas en confronto en el marco de las relaciones étnico-raciales en Cuba y Brasil; y la noción de preconstruido. Esta investigación tiene un enfoque comparativo y resalta los puntos en común en las relaciones étnico-raciales de ambos países, así como las diferencias en las formas como el racismo se expresa en esos contextos. Fueron analizados veinte raps (diez de cada país), compuestos por raperos negros de las ciudades de La Habana y São Paulo, en el período comprendido entre 2000 y 2012. Se comprueba, en los discursos estudiados, una atribución de sentidos positivos a la negritud, como respuesta a los sentidos negativos que circulan mayormente en ambas sociedades y son usados para inferiorizar al grupo étnico-racial negro. Esos sentidos se construyen en torno del cuerpo, de la historia, de la cultura, del comportamiento y de la inserción social del negro y se relacionan, fundamentalmente, con belleza, coraje, inteligencia, orgullo, fortaleza, religiosidad, rabia, humanidad, resistencia, honestidad y superación. Los sentidos construidos en torno de la imagen de la mujer negra, víctima de machismo y racismo en ambas sociedades, también son relevantes para el análisis. Este trabajo pretende traer contribuciones para los estudios lingüísticos y culturales referentes a las sociedades cubana y brasileña. En el contexto cubano, donde el género constituye una de las principales plataformas de denuncia contra el racismo, el presente trabajo contribuye para ampliar la bibliografía sobre la relación, todavía poco estudiada en los estudios lingüísticos y culturales, entre rap y relaciones étnico-raciales. En el caso de Brasil, a pesar de haber un mayor número de investigaciones sobre el asunto, la realización de un estudio como este arroja luces sobre la manera como el racismo opera en realidades sociales con un histórico similar. En ambos países, esta tesis favorece la visibilidad de las formas de resistencia desarrolladas por la población negra.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-03-29T11:22:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Tereza Cristina Faria Dalacorte - 2017.pdf: 4102159 bytes, checksum: fd7c2399b73c06baadf93f9849ec03f5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-03-29T11:40:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Tereza Cristina Faria Dalacorte - 2017.pdf: 4102159 bytes, checksum: fd7c2399b73c06baadf93f9849ec03f5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-29T11:40:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Tereza Cristina Faria Dalacorte - 2017.pdf: 4102159 bytes, checksum: fd7c2399b73c06baadf93f9849ec03f5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-15 / The present thesis proposes a trajectory through the work collection created by the North- American author Tony Smith from 1960 to 1970. The examination of this interval of his artwork is developed based on a bibliographical approach of the life and work of the same era in terms of the aesthetic and historical time in North-America. In addition, this thesis also investigates the interrelation of the analytical aspects of the theme and attempts make a critical review or essay on the topic, as it proposes not only an objective analysis of the subject but also a consideration on the poetic observed in the in the studied artworks. This reflection is built according to the paradox presence/absence of the artworks in the space they occupy. Such cogitation also takes into consideration the fact that the blackness of these artwork volumes could possibly confront their own existences. Finally, this research concentrates on the analysis of the expansion of Tony Smith's artwork in relation to both architectonic and urban spaces, with implications on their possible dialects and/or confrontations. / O projeto desta dissertação propõe um percurso pelo conjunto da obra do artista norte-americano Tony Smith produzidas entre a década de 1960 à 1970. Este recorte é desenvolvido mediante uma abordagem bibliográfica das obras e vida do artista inter-relacionado ao contexto estético e histórico norte-americano do período. No entanto o projeto é também uma inter-relação entre análise e ensaio, pois aqui desenvolvemos não apenas um levantamento objetivo como tambémuma reflexão a respeito da poética a qual percebemos nas obras analisadas. Tal reflexão é construída segundo o paradoxo presença e/ou ausência das obras no espaço que as contêm, considerando também que o negrume de suas volumetrias possivelmente confrontariam sua própria existência. A pesquisa se estende ainda na análise da expansão das obras e sua relação com o espaço arquitetônico e urbano, implicando suas possíveis dialéticas e/ou confrontos.

Despite the apparent hegemony of vision in racial categorization, historically vocality has borne the brunt of as much racial presumption as physical appearance. This project explores ideas about Blackness, and how the voice in performance engenders conversations on racial authenticity within the United States. Broadly, the work examines how “sounding Black” functions within dramatic performance, and how wider concerns of racial identity adhere to a performer’s vocal choices. The contextualization of racialized sound presented in this project begins with an historical overview of how a “Blackness of tongue” has been framed in U.S. theatrical performance from the early 1800s through the 1960s. It then addresses the dynamics of voice and racial authenticity through two performance case studies: August Wilson’s The Piano Lesson and Adrienne Kennedy’s Funnyhouse of a Negro. These cases will be used to explore how issues of racial authenticity thrive in the space between vocal sound production and perception. As case studies based on specific productions of these two plays, text, directorial choices, and the vocal characteristics of the actors themselves occupy equal space at the center of each analysis. At a deeper level, this research seeks an understanding of the cultural assumptions that support the idea of a uniquely Black vocal sound, and what that sound purchases within American societies. In addressing both the phonological and the interpretive qualities of these performances, the central research concerns of this project attempt to pinpoint with more accuracy how voice, fore-grounded in performance, triggers different sets of assumptions that have been commonly identified as a significant component of Blackness / text

This dissertation establishes a transatlantic connection between Brazil, the United States and the Caribbean through the discussion of two contemporary literary movements: Sarau da Cooperifa, in São Paulo, and Nuyorican poetry, from the Puerto Rican poets living in New York City. Although these places share significant differences in terms of colonial and postcolonial history, they share similar experiences in terms of race and class representations. From similar oppressive realities, I argue that they also build similar strategies of resistance and urban discourse. By carrying a secondary citizenship status, Nuyorican poets and poets from the Brazilian periphery find in creative writing ways to reinvent themselves as subjects of their own history, a story written and reinvented in the streets, in the street corners, in barber shops, in the back yard, in bars and pubs. They take the street as epistemological locus in order to expand the concept of political intervention, be it while celebrating life or ritualizing death. In this sense, the street is the site for unrestricted access to poetry, and poetry is the element that fits these subjects in the history of the city. The work of Sergio Vaz, Ferrez, Allan da Rosa, Elizandra Souza, Willie Perdomo, Victor Hernandez Cruz, Miguel Algarín, Miguel Piñero and Sandra Maria Esteves is read through the lenses of African Diaspora theories and its relation to literary criticism, anthropology, history, discourse analysis, Black feminist theory and Latino studies. I share Edouard Glissant’s understanding that the Africans, who were forced to come to the Americas and the Caribbean upon slavery, did not bring only their body. They also brought with their body a worldview, a way of dealing with adversity, an epistemological understanding that has allowed them to outlive the physical death by overcoming the imputation of social death. Thus, this dissertation argues that cultural production is a political production, and that it has been used by racialized and impoverished minority individuals and groups across the globe as strategic tool in the struggle against oppression. / text

This dissertation asks how conceptions of race have informed popular cultural expressions in post-independence Morocco. Further, how have these expressions helped shape Moroccan modernity? What does an analysis of the history of the Gnawa in Morocco tell us about changes in Moroccan society, including the religious landscape, and the relation of these changes to globalization? This dissertation tracks the often contradictory paths that modernity has taken in Morocco through a focus on one racialized subculture, the Gnawa, ritual musicians originally from sub-Saharan Africa who have lived in Morocco for centuries without losing a certain African identity. The first part of the dissertation assesses Blackness in Morocco, considering Moroccan history in light of its relations across the Sahara desert. I examine cultural patterns of the Niger River region to which the Gnawa trace their origins, as well as crucial elements in the Moroccan past that involve racial formation. The second part of the dissertation considers how newcomers come to take on these new spiritual and musical identities, whether through a kind of musical transposition or an economic conversion. I argue that mass media have been central in Gnawa conversion narratives in the past, while more recent Gnawa identities have revolved around the consumption of commodities. The third section details my own conversion through a series of engagements with the Essaouira Festival of world music and Gnawa music in Morocco. I attended the festival as an informed tourist and also behind the scenes as an interested participant, and I found that the festival serves multiple purposes in Morocco's cultural economy. I conclude that Morocco's aesthetic history is deeply influenced by conceptions of race. These conceptions have in turn influenced commercial media expressions of post-independence Moroccan identities. Finally, since the opening of Moroccan society in the 1990s, the clearest expression of the future of Moroccan expressive and popular culture has been the rise of music festivals. / text

“Suingueiros do Sul do Brasil” tem como objetivo investigar os músicos, as músicas e os principais espaços de performance do suingue em Porto Alegre. Os suingueiros referidos no título são principalmente nove músicos nascidos nas décadas de 1940 e 1950 no estado do Rio Grande do Sul e identificados com a produção musical da comunidade negra distribuída pelo “Atlântico Negro” (África e Américas). O suingue é um gênero musical híbrido com diversas influências de outros gêneros da música popular. Os espaços de realização da prática musical suingueira são os bares, associações e blocos culturais da cidade de Porto Alegre. O trabalho se inscreve na perspectiva da etnomusicologia, e foi utilizado o processo metodológico de etnografia musical e o estudo de trajetórias, valendo-se de uma escrita que incorporou ao texto final, as vozes, os áudios e as imagens dos artistas colaboradores. Assim sendo, fez-se uma recomposição das trajetórias de músicos e grupos significativos do gênero denominado suingue (com variações para esta denominação encontradas com frequência em outras regiões do país, como samba-rock e balanço), buscando pontuar os percursos artísticos de alguns músicos e grupos como Luis Vagner, Bedeu e Pau Brasil, bem como o contexto social e cultural no qual estão inseridos, desde o período em que começou a se configurar o suingue de Porto Alegre, nos anos 60, até os dias de hoje. Na sequência, fez-se uma abordagem do repertório de canções, destacando cinco aspectos de âmbito musical, a partir de indicações surgidas na experiência de campo: melodia, ritmo, parcerias composicionais, presença dos sopros e possibilidades de arranjo. Além disto, foram destacados os principais espaços de lazer e sociabilidade onde as músicas e onde o próprio suingue como híbrido musical são reinterpretados e atualizados semanalmente, enfatizando a relação dinâmica que se estabelece nestes ambientes entre pesquisador, artistas e público frequentador. Ao final, buscou-se articular algumas reflexões a partir das questões suscitadas pela pesquisa etnomusicológica. São considerados como principais resultados da dissertação: a apresentação dos múltiplos cruzamentos entre os contextos local, nacional e global na formatação de uma identidade musical de artistas e público vinculados ao suingue musical da população da capital mais ao sul do Brasil, e a recuperação e discussão das obras e das trajetórias destes artistas, ainda ausentes na academia. / “Suingueiros from southern of Brazil” discuss as its main theme the musicians, the music and the main spheres where suingue music take place in Porto Alegre. The “suingueiros” mentioned in the article are nine musicians mainly, (born between the `40s and `50s, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul), who were indentified with the music production in the negro community, which was spread by the “ Negro Atlantic” (Africa and Americas). Suingue is a hybrid musical gender, which was influenced by many different kinds of popular music gender. Pubs, Organizations and Cultural spots, in Porto Alegre, are places where it’s performed the suingue music. This present work is inserted in the ethnomusicology´s perspective. So, in order to built the research process, it was used the methodological music ethnography process and further trajectories studies, taking advantage of a writing which incorporates to the final text: the voices, the songs, the audios and the image of the contributors artist. Therefore, a recomposition of musicians’ and significatives groups’ trajectories of suingue gender (not forgetting the variety of its denomination such as Samba-rock and balanço, which are found, more frequently, in other parts of Brazil) are done, seeking to point out the artistic path of some musicians and groups such as Luis Vagner, Bedeu and Pau Brasil, as well as the social and cultural context that the musicians are inserted, since the period it has began to configurate the Suingue of Porto Alegre, in the`60s, until now-a-days. Furthermore, the work goes through the song’s set list emphasizing five aspects from the musical sphere: melody, rhythm, composing partnership, presence of brass and arrangements possibilities. Besides that, in the dissertation are highlighted the leisure sphere and sociability, where the music and the musical gender are reinterpreted and up-todated weekly, emphasizing the dynamic relations that are established in those environments between researcher, artists and public. Finally, it tries to articulate some reflexions around the questions evoked in the field of ethnomusicology research. In the dissertation the main results are: the introduction of the multiples crossing between the local, national and global context in the construction of the artists musical identity and linked public to the negro urban community of Porto Alegre; the recuperation and diffusion of the work and the trajectory of those artists, who had their material dispersed without any formal systematization.

“Suingueiros do Sul do Brasil” tem como objetivo investigar os músicos, as músicas e os principais espaços de performance do suingue em Porto Alegre. Os suingueiros referidos no título são principalmente nove músicos nascidos nas décadas de 1940 e 1950 no estado do Rio Grande do Sul e identificados com a produção musical da comunidade negra distribuída pelo “Atlântico Negro” (África e Américas). O suingue é um gênero musical híbrido com diversas influências de outros gêneros da música popular. Os espaços de realização da prática musical suingueira são os bares, associações e blocos culturais da cidade de Porto Alegre. O trabalho se inscreve na perspectiva da etnomusicologia, e foi utilizado o processo metodológico de etnografia musical e o estudo de trajetórias, valendo-se de uma escrita que incorporou ao texto final, as vozes, os áudios e as imagens dos artistas colaboradores. Assim sendo, fez-se uma recomposição das trajetórias de músicos e grupos significativos do gênero denominado suingue (com variações para esta denominação encontradas com frequência em outras regiões do país, como samba-rock e balanço), buscando pontuar os percursos artísticos de alguns músicos e grupos como Luis Vagner, Bedeu e Pau Brasil, bem como o contexto social e cultural no qual estão inseridos, desde o período em que começou a se configurar o suingue de Porto Alegre, nos anos 60, até os dias de hoje. Na sequência, fez-se uma abordagem do repertório de canções, destacando cinco aspectos de âmbito musical, a partir de indicações surgidas na experiência de campo: melodia, ritmo, parcerias composicionais, presença dos sopros e possibilidades de arranjo. Além disto, foram destacados os principais espaços de lazer e sociabilidade onde as músicas e onde o próprio suingue como híbrido musical são reinterpretados e atualizados semanalmente, enfatizando a relação dinâmica que se estabelece nestes ambientes entre pesquisador, artistas e público frequentador. Ao final, buscou-se articular algumas reflexões a partir das questões suscitadas pela pesquisa etnomusicológica. São considerados como principais resultados da dissertação: a apresentação dos múltiplos cruzamentos entre os contextos local, nacional e global na formatação de uma identidade musical de artistas e público vinculados ao suingue musical da população da capital mais ao sul do Brasil, e a recuperação e discussão das obras e das trajetórias destes artistas, ainda ausentes na academia. / “Suingueiros from southern of Brazil” discuss as its main theme the musicians, the music and the main spheres where suingue music take place in Porto Alegre. The “suingueiros” mentioned in the article are nine musicians mainly, (born between the `40s and `50s, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul), who were indentified with the music production in the negro community, which was spread by the “ Negro Atlantic” (Africa and Americas). Suingue is a hybrid musical gender, which was influenced by many different kinds of popular music gender. Pubs, Organizations and Cultural spots, in Porto Alegre, are places where it’s performed the suingue music. This present work is inserted in the ethnomusicology´s perspective. So, in order to built the research process, it was used the methodological music ethnography process and further trajectories studies, taking advantage of a writing which incorporates to the final text: the voices, the songs, the audios and the image of the contributors artist. Therefore, a recomposition of musicians’ and significatives groups’ trajectories of suingue gender (not forgetting the variety of its denomination such as Samba-rock and balanço, which are found, more frequently, in other parts of Brazil) are done, seeking to point out the artistic path of some musicians and groups such as Luis Vagner, Bedeu and Pau Brasil, as well as the social and cultural context that the musicians are inserted, since the period it has began to configurate the Suingue of Porto Alegre, in the`60s, until now-a-days. Furthermore, the work goes through the song’s set list emphasizing five aspects from the musical sphere: melody, rhythm, composing partnership, presence of brass and arrangements possibilities. Besides that, in the dissertation are highlighted the leisure sphere and sociability, where the music and the musical gender are reinterpreted and up-todated weekly, emphasizing the dynamic relations that are established in those environments between researcher, artists and public. Finally, it tries to articulate some reflexions around the questions evoked in the field of ethnomusicology research. In the dissertation the main results are: the introduction of the multiples crossing between the local, national and global context in the construction of the artists musical identity and linked public to the negro urban community of Porto Alegre; the recuperation and diffusion of the work and the trajectory of those artists, who had their material dispersed without any formal systematization.

The contemporary North American fiction (African American) presents concerns regarding the identity of African-Americans. There is a need, through the literary text, to establish a dialogue with the myths and historical models for the legacy tradition of slaves from Africa. The aim of this study is to analyze how, through the composition of the characters and through the eyes of the witness-narrator, the questions about the construction of an African-American identity are presented and discussed, and how it is possible to perceive in the novel The Eye Bluest, (1970), the resumption about the discussion about the concept of blackness. One of the interests in this analysis is to investigate the way oppression is imposed on a black community, established in the north of the US. Both blackness and Afro-American identity are represented in Morrison´s fiction through the voice of the witness-narrator that builds a critical point of view on the white north american society and on the black community, which in many ways, reduplicates the prejudiced look launched on itself and on its members. The criticism is also established through the representation of the main character, Pecola. The research is based on analysis of the novel of the American writer Toni Morrison. The Bluest Eye is the first novel published by the author and constitutes itself as a report of the witness-narrator ´s experiences, and as the social and cultural representation of a certain community in a very precise socio-historical moment. To perform the analysis, it was necessary to establish the concepts of cultural identity, blackness, subjectivity and (Afro) American history, taking into account the fictional discourse. / A ficção contemporânea norte-americana (Afro-americana) apresenta preocupações referentes à identidade dos Afro-americanos. Há uma necessidade de, através do texto literário, estabelecer um diálogo com os mitos históricos e modelos legados pela tradição dos escravos vindos de África. O objetivo desse trabalho é analisar de que maneira, através da composição das personagens e através do olhar da narradora-testemunha, são apresentados e discutidos questionamentos acerca da construção de uma identidade Afro-americana, e como se percebe, no romance The Bluest Eye, (1970), a retomada da discussão acerca da noção de negritude . Um dos interesses nesta análise foi o de perceber como a opressão é exercida sobre uma comunidade negra estabelecida no norte dos E.U.A. As questões de negritude e identidade Afro-americanas são estabelecidas na ficção morrisoniana através da voz da narradora-testemunha que constrói um ponto de vista crítico sobre a sociedade branca norte-americana e sobre a própria comunidade negra, que em muitos sentidos, passa a reduplicar o olhar preconceituoso lançado sobre si mesma e sobre seus membros. E também, através da caracterização da personagem principal, Pecola. The Bluest Eye é o primeiro romance publicado por Toni Morrison e constitui-se como um relato de vivências de Claudia, a narradora-testemunha, e como a representação social e cultural de uma dada comunidade, em um dado momento sócio-histórico. Para efetuar a análise, fez-se necessário estabelecer conceitos de identidade cultural, negritude, subjetividade e história (Afro) americana, levando em consideração a ficcionalidade e o discurso.