Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-05-19T11:30:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 januacaeligervasiogalvao.pdf: 963197 bytes, checksum: 1b0768b4590408da143940560dca0710 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-01T18:55:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 januacaeligervasiogalvao.pdf: 963197 bytes, checksum: 1b0768b4590408da143940560dca0710 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-01T18:55:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 januacaeligervasiogalvao.pdf: 963197 bytes, checksum: 1b0768b4590408da143940560dca0710 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-18 / Este trabalho, um Plano de Ação Educacional (PAE), tem por objetivo analisar como a gestão escolar de duas escolas públicas do Estado de Minas Gerais/Brasil, que alcançaram bons resultados nas avaliações externas, se apropria do Programa de Intervenção Pedagógica (PIP); e a partir daí, analisar como essa apropriação impacta positivamente no desempenho dos alunos. Para tanto, buscou conhecer melhor a fase de implementação dessa política que se efetiva na escola sob a coordenação do gestor, envolvendo todos os demais atores escolares (Professoras e Especialistas de Educação Básica). Assim, visa identificar condicionantes comuns nos dois contextos escolares pesquisados que garantem o sucesso na implementação da política pública, PIP, bem como apontar o perfil de liderança e as dimensões de gestão escolar evidenciados nas escolas. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada foi a análise de documentos relativos ao referido programa, entrevistas semiestruturadas (com Diretoras, Professoras e Especialistas de Educação Básica envolvidos no desenvolvimento do PIP) e ainda observação do cotidiano escolar por meio de visitas in loco, no qual foram levantados dados e informações sobre a relação da ação de gestão escolar e os bons resultados dos alunos e das escolas. Todo o trabalho foi acompanhado por meio de levantamento e estudo de referencial teórico e pesquisas alusivas ao papel do gestor, enquanto membro da equipe de gestão escolar, com possibilidades de intervir positivamente na melhoria da qualidade do ensino da instituição escolar. Os dados encontrados demonstram que há relevância da atuação da gestão escolar com foco na gestão pedagógica na implementação eficaz e eficiente de uma política pública e nos bons resultados dos alunos e da escola. Sendo assim, apresentam-se os resultados positivos traduzidos em “boas práticas” identificadas nessa pesquisa para divulgação, por meio de um projeto, às demais escolas pertencentes à Superintendência Regional de Ensino (SRE) do município de Nova Era/Minas Gerais, com o intuito de aprimorar, adaptar e disseminar as possibilidades de uma gestão pedagógica bem sucedida. / This work, an Education Action Plan (PAE), has as purpose to analyze how school management of two public schools of the Minas Gerais/Brasil, that achieved good results in external evaluations, is part or the Pedagogic Interventional Program (PIP) and from there it analyzes its positive influence in the performance of the students. For that, it was necessary to know better the implementation stage of this policy, applied on the school under the manager’s coordination, involving all school personnel (Teachers and Primary School Experts). Thus, it aims to identify common points in both school contexts that ensures the success of a Public Policy Implementation (PIP), as well as to point the leadership profile and the dimensions of school management seen in schools. The methodology used in this search was the analysis of documents of the pedagogic program, semi structured interviews (with Head Teachers, Teachers and Primary School Experts involved in the PIP development) and school environment observation by in loco visits, where data and information were collected about the relation between the school management action and the good results of students and schools. All work was supported by collection and study of a theoretical background and allusive search to the role of the manager, while member of the school management team, with possibilities to positively intervene in the improvement of teaching quality of the school. All the data show demonstrate there is relevance of the school management’s performance focusing the pedagogic management and efficient and effective implementation of a public policy and in the good results of students and school of the Regional Superintendence of Teaching (SRE) in Nova Era. Therefore, the positive results and its “good practices” in this search have the purpose of improve, adapt and spread the possibilities of a successful pedagogic management.

As oito primeiras crônicas da série Bons Dias!, publicada anonimamente entre abril de 1888 e agosto de 1889, no periódico carioca Gazeta de Notícias, e, posteriormente, atribuída a Machado de Assis, são o fio condutor deste estudo. De 4 de abril de 1888 a 27 de maio de 1888, o foco da publicação literária, em constante interação com o suporte em que se insere, foi a abolição da escravatura, um dos temas centrais na historiografia brasileira e caro ao universo jurídico. A partir do inventário e análise qualitativa das informações contidas nessas fontes primárias, que não eram as oficiais da época, tem-se um amplo registro acerca de um tema jurídico e político fora das publicações especializadas, tais como manuais e compêndios de direito, decisões de tribunais, pareceres do Conselho de Estado etc. Da constatação de que há vocabulário e semântica comuns entre o espaço jurídico especializado e o cotidiano oitocentista, toma-se o tradicional conceito de cultura jurídica para ser desdobrado calcado nas noções de descentramento e circulação de ideias , com o intuito de ampliar o entendimento do que a compõe por meio da interação dessas diferentes falas e de seu legado. Analisadas as fontes e problematizada a composição da cultura jurídica, subsiste uma questão: estava de fato livre o Brasil? O trabalho visa, em suma, demonstrar o que essas publicações, marginais no tradicional estudo da cultura jurídica, tem a sugerir a respeito daquela transição jurídica para além da letra de lei que aboliu o trabalho escravo. / The first eight features in the Bons Dias! column, anonymously published in the Rio de Janeiro Gazeta de Notícias periodical, and later credited to Machado de Assis, form the common thread of this study. From April 4, 1988 to May 27, 1888, the focus of literary publications in constant interaction with the background they are included in, was on the abolition of slavery, one of the central themes in Brazilian historiography and a subject dear to the legal universe. From the research made and the qualitative analysis of the data contained in these primary sources which were not the official ones at that time an extensive record was gathered concerning a legal and political theme outside specialized publications such as manuals and law textbooks, besides court decisions and legal opinions passed by state councils etc. Considering evidence found that there is a lexical and semantic common ground between the specialized legal arena and the everyday life of the 1880s, the traditional concept of legal culture was approached and unfolded based on notions of decentralization and diffusion of ideas aiming at expanding the understanding of what it consists of through the interaction among such diverse discourses and their legacy. Once the sources have been analysed and the composition of the legal culture has been problematized, one question remains: was Brazil really free? In short, this study aims at showing what those publications marginal ones in conventional studies of legal culture suggest with regard to that legal transition beyond the letter of the law which abolished slave labor in Brazil.

L'opération de crédit "Schuldscheindarlehen" est apparue dans le paysage bancaire et financier allemand au milieu du XIXème siècle. Son essor, au cours des dernières décennies, rend plus que jamais pertinente la question de sa qualification juridique en droit français. L'opération se présentant comme un prêt de nature syndiquée, aux participations cessibles selon des voies simplifiées, est généralement perçue par les financiers comme un outil efficace de financement de l'économie, véritable troisième voie capable de concurrencer la syndication de crédit et l'emprunt obligataire. L'étude des actes juridiques ayant a priori une fonction centrale dans l'opération (Partie I) met en exergue plusieurs spécificités. La possibilité laissée à un large éventail d'investisseurs (banques, compagnies d'assurance, fonds d'investissement) de participer au contrat de prêt favorise la levée massive des fonds, dans le respect d'un cadre juridique fortement standardisé et allégé. Les reconnaissances de dette (Schuldschein) qui sont émises par l'emprunteur au moment de la formation du contrat de prêt, dont on a pu penser qu'elles participaient à la circulation des créances, ne revêtent pas la qualification de titres financiers en droit allemand, ce qui exclut a fortiori qu'elles soient le support des participations. Ce n'est en revanche pas le cas des accords de cession, qui grâce à leur standardisation et aux règles civilistes de cession de créance de droit allemand plus légères qu'en droit français, contribuent sensiblement à la fongibilité et la négociabilité des créances. Il est soutenu que le "Schuldscheindarlehen" est une opération de crédit sui generis pouvant être décrite comme "quasi-obligataire" (quasi-négociable, quasi-fongible). Au regard du droit français, c'est avec le prêt à bons de caisses nominatifs qu'elle paraît présenter le plus de connivences, sans pour autant être parfaitement assimilable.L'étude des services éventuellement fournis par l'intermédiaire financier (Partie II), lors de la phase de formation de l'opération, comme arrangeur-placeur de participations, et/ou lors de son exécution, comme animateur de marché et/ou agent payeur et/ou fiduciaire, révèle leur contribution respective pour une gestion plus rationnelle et plus efficace de l'opération, qui bénéficie à la liquidité des participations et à la diminution des coûts. Le recours aux produits dérivés et/ou structurés a, en outre, permis de donner récemment naissance à des opérations pour des montants plus petits et des durées plus courtes, rendant accessible aux PME cette source de financement, dans un cadre juridique et des structures d'accompagnement à la solidité éprouvée par plusieurs années de pratique. Si ces mécanismes sont largement connus en droit français et peuvent être employés lors d'une syndication de crédit ou un emprunt obligataire, néanmoins, l'analyse met en évidence que le "Schuldscheindarlehen" peut être utilisé en droit allemand comme structure juridique de base à la titrisation de créances (CDO), en lieu et place d'une émission obligataire. Par ailleurs, les participations sont éligibles aux refinancements sur le marché monétaire, ce qui contribue à rendre l'opération plus attrayante pour les investisseurs. D'autres aspects (p. ex. sûretés, procédures collectives) sont analysés dans l'étude afin de donner une vue aussi complète et actuelle que possible de l'opération. / The credit transaction "Schuldscheindarlehen" appeared in the German banking and financial landscape in the middle of the nineteenth century. Its growth during recent decades makes the question of its legal classification under French law more relevant than ever. The transaction operates as a loan of syndicated nature, with relatively simple ways of transferring participations, and is generally perceived by financiers as an effective tool for financing the real economy. It is a competitive option to financing by way of syndicated loan or bond issue. The analysis of legal documents with a priori a central role in the operation (Part I) highlights several specific features of the operation. The possibility given to a wide range of investors such as banks, insurance companies, and investment funds to participate in the loan agreement promotes massive fundraising within a highly standardized and streamlined legal framework. The debt certificates "Schuldschein" issued by the borrower at the time of the formation of the loan agreement, which were expected to be part of the circulation of debts, are not classified as securities under German law. A fortiori, this excludes them from being used in support of any claims. However, this is not the case for assignment agreements. Assignment agreements contribute significantly to the fungibility and transferability of the participations, owing to their standardization and to German civil law rules of assignment of claims, which are less constraining than French law rules. It is argued in the study that the "Schuldscheindarlehen" is a sui generis form of credit that can be described as "quasi-bond" (quasi-negotiable, quasi-fungible). Under French law the strongest resemblance is with the participation loan “prêt à bons de caisse nominatifs”, without being identical. The analysis of services provided by the financial intermediary (Part II), during the formation phase of the operation -as an arranger-underwriter of the participations, and/or during the running phase, as a market maker and/or a paying agent and/or a trustee- points out their respective contributions to a more rational and efficient management. This favours the liquidity of the participations and decreases the costs. Moreover, the use of derivatives and/or structured products has given birth recently to operations for smaller amounts and shorter durations, making this source of funding accessible to SMEs within a legal framework and support structures, developed by many years of practice. Although these mechanisms are widely known in French law and can be applied to syndicated loan or bond issue, the analysis highlights that "Schuldscheindarlehen" can also be used under German law as the legal structure of a debt securitization (CDO), in lieu of a bond issue. In addition, its participations are eligible for refinancing in the European money market, which helps to make the operation more attractive to investors. Other aspects such as collateral, and insolvency are analyzed in the study in order to give as full and updated a picture of the operation as possible. / Das Kreditgeschäft "Schuldscheindarlehen" bildete sich im deutschen Banken- und Finanzwesen in der Mitte des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts heraus. Das Wachstum der letzten Jahrzehnte macht nun mehr denn je die Frage seiner rechtlichen Einordnung im französischen Recht relevant. Die Operation stellt sich als Darlehen von syndizierter Natur dar, mit Beteiligungen, die in vereinfachter Weise übertragbar sind, wird in der Regel von Finanziers als ein wirksames Instrument für die Finanzierung der Realwirtschaft und präsentiert eine sinnvolle dritte Weise, die ohne Bedenken mit der Kreditsyndizierung und der Anleihe konkurrieren kann. Die Analyse der Rechtsgeschäfte mit einer a priori zentralen Rolle in der Operation (Part I) hebt mehrere Besonderheiten hervor. Die Möglichkeit, die einer Vielzahl unterschiedlichster Investoren (Banken, Versicherungen, Investmentfonds) gegeben ist, sich am Darlehensvertrag zu beteiligen, fördert eine massive Mittelbeschaffung, innerhalb eines rechtlich hoch standardisiert und gestrafften Rahmens. Die Schuldscheine, die durch den Kreditnehmer zum Zeitpunkt der Entstehung des Darlehensvertrags ausgestellt werden, von denen man hätte denken können, dass sie als eine Verbriefungsart der Forderung angesehen werden könnten, werden im deutschen Recht nicht als Wertpapiere eingestuft. A fortiori sind sie als Grund der Beteiligungenverkehrsfähigkeit ausgeschlossen. Dieses ist jedoch nicht der Fall der Abtretungsvereinbarungen, die einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Fungibilität und Übertragbarkeit der Beteiligungen, aufgrund ihrer Standardisierung und den deutschen zivilrechtlichen Vorschriften der Abtretung von Ansprüchen, die einfacher als mit dem französischen Recht vereinbar sind, leisten. Es wird in der Studie argumentiert, dass das "Schuldscheindarlehen" eine Kreditform sui generis darstellt, die als "Quasi-Anleihe" (quasi-verhandelbar, quasi-fungibel) beschrieben werden kann. Im französischen Recht, scheint es dem Darlehen "prêt à bons de caisse nominatifs" zu ähneln, ohne jedoch vollständig assimilierbar zu sein. Die Analyse von Dienstleistungen durch Finanzvermittler geleistet (Part II), während der Entstehungsphase der Operation, als Arrangeur-Underwriter der Beteiligungen, und/oder während der laufenden Phase, als Market Maker und/oder Zahlstelle und/oder Treuhänder, weist darauf hin, ihre jeweiligen Beiträge zu einer rationelleren und effizienteren Verwaltung des Geschäftes, die der Liquidität der Beteiligungen zugute kommt und die Kosten senkt. Außerdem hat unter anderem der Einsatz von Derivaten und/oder strukturierten Produkten zur Entstehung von Operationen mit kürzeren Laufzeiten und kleineren Beträgen geführt, was diese Finanzierungsquelle zugänglich für KMU gemacht hat, in Bezug mit einem rechtlichen Rahmen und unterstützenden Strukturen, die seit mehreren Jahren Praxiserfahrung bewähren. Wenn diese Mechanismen häufig im französischen Gesetz bekannt sind und bei einer Kreditsyndizierung oder einer Anleihe angewendet werden, zeigt jedoch die Analyse, dass das "Schuldscheindarlehen" nach deutschem Recht auch als rechtliche Struktur einer Verbriefung (CDO) anstelle einer Anleihe verwendet wird. Darüber hinaus sind die Beteiligungen zur Refinanzierung auf dem europäischen Geldmarkt zulässig, was die Operation für Investoren attraktiver macht. Andere Aspekte (z.B. Sicherheiten, Insolvenzen) werden in der Studie analysiert, um ein möglichst vollständiges und aktuelles Bild von der Operation zu geben.

As oito primeiras crônicas da série Bons Dias!, publicada anonimamente entre abril de 1888 e agosto de 1889, no periódico carioca Gazeta de Notícias, e, posteriormente, atribuída a Machado de Assis, são o fio condutor deste estudo. De 4 de abril de 1888 a 27 de maio de 1888, o foco da publicação literária, em constante interação com o suporte em que se insere, foi a abolição da escravatura, um dos temas centrais na historiografia brasileira e caro ao universo jurídico. A partir do inventário e análise qualitativa das informações contidas nessas fontes primárias, que não eram as oficiais da época, tem-se um amplo registro acerca de um tema jurídico e político fora das publicações especializadas, tais como manuais e compêndios de direito, decisões de tribunais, pareceres do Conselho de Estado etc. Da constatação de que há vocabulário e semântica comuns entre o espaço jurídico especializado e o cotidiano oitocentista, toma-se o tradicional conceito de cultura jurídica para ser desdobrado calcado nas noções de descentramento e circulação de ideias , com o intuito de ampliar o entendimento do que a compõe por meio da interação dessas diferentes falas e de seu legado. Analisadas as fontes e problematizada a composição da cultura jurídica, subsiste uma questão: estava de fato livre o Brasil? O trabalho visa, em suma, demonstrar o que essas publicações, marginais no tradicional estudo da cultura jurídica, tem a sugerir a respeito daquela transição jurídica para além da letra de lei que aboliu o trabalho escravo. / The first eight features in the Bons Dias! column, anonymously published in the Rio de Janeiro Gazeta de Notícias periodical, and later credited to Machado de Assis, form the common thread of this study. From April 4, 1988 to May 27, 1888, the focus of literary publications in constant interaction with the background they are included in, was on the abolition of slavery, one of the central themes in Brazilian historiography and a subject dear to the legal universe. From the research made and the qualitative analysis of the data contained in these primary sources which were not the official ones at that time an extensive record was gathered concerning a legal and political theme outside specialized publications such as manuals and law textbooks, besides court decisions and legal opinions passed by state councils etc. Considering evidence found that there is a lexical and semantic common ground between the specialized legal arena and the everyday life of the 1880s, the traditional concept of legal culture was approached and unfolded based on notions of decentralization and diffusion of ideas aiming at expanding the understanding of what it consists of through the interaction among such diverse discourses and their legacy. Once the sources have been analysed and the composition of the legal culture has been problematized, one question remains: was Brazil really free? In short, this study aims at showing what those publications marginal ones in conventional studies of legal culture suggest with regard to that legal transition beyond the letter of the law which abolished slave labor in Brazil.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-04-07T19:36:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 rozaniadefatimasantos.pdf: 1204449 bytes, checksum: 049555efb24808d04a04295b47d50161 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-04-11T11:34:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rozaniadefatimasantos.pdf: 1204449 bytes, checksum: 049555efb24808d04a04295b47d50161 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-11T11:34:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rozaniadefatimasantos.pdf: 1204449 bytes, checksum: 049555efb24808d04a04295b47d50161 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-18 / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever as fases de implementação, monitoramento e avaliação do Programa de Intervenção Pedagógica (PIP) na Superintendência Regional de Ensino de Diamantina/MG, com o foco na Escola Estadual Professora Júlia Kubitschek, da mesma cidade, e em como esta se apropriou do Programa para alcançar bons resultados na aprendizagem dos alunos e melhorar os resultados de suas avaliações internas e externas. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada foi a análise de documentos relativos ao referido programa, levantamento de dados feito por meio de questionários aplicados aos analistas que trabalham com o Programa na SRE, entrevistas semiestruturadas com a analista que atende a escola pesquisada, com a diretora, professoras alfabetizadoras e especialistas em Educação Básica envolvidos no desenvolvimento do PIP desta escola e, ainda, observação do cotidiano escolar por meio de visitas in loco, em que foram levantados dados e informações sobre a relação do analista com a diretora escolar, professores e especialista para o desenvolvimento do PIP. A partir dos dados levantados, construiu-se um panorama do Programa, dos atores envolvidos e do ambiente de trabalho na escola pesquisada. Com base, principalmente, na literatura sobre intervenção pedagógica, gestão eficaz e avaliação externa, constatou-se fatores de várias dimensões que definem o sucesso ou insucesso do programa na SRE-Diamantina/MG. Os dados encontrados demonstram que há relevância na implementação do Programa, no monitoramento eficaz e eficiente de uma política pública e nos bons resultados da aprendizagem dos alunos. Sendo assim, apresenta-se os resultados positivos traduzidos em “boas práticas” identificadas nesta pesquisa para divulgação, por meio de um Plano de Ação Educacional (PAE), às escolas estaduais de anos iniciais pertencentes à Superintendência Regional de Diamantina/MG, com o intuito de aprimorar, adaptar e disseminar as ações bem sucedidas. / This paper aims to describe the implementation, monitoring and evaluation phases of the Programa de Intervenção Pedagógica/PIP (Pedagogical Intervention Program/PIP) in Diamantina´s Superintendência Regional de Ensino/SRE (Regional Superintendence of Education/SRE) in Minas Gerais state, on the Escola Estadual Professora Júlia Kubitschek in the same city, as it has appropriated of the Program to achieve good results in learning skills and thus improve the results of its internal and external evaluation tests. The research methodology used was the analysis of documents related to that program, data collection done through questionnaires applied for pedagogical analyst who work for the Program on SRE Diamantina, semistructured interviews with this pedagogical analyst who supports the school, with the school Director, literacy teachers and the Basic Education Specialists involved in the development of this school Pedagogical Program, and, finally, daily observations through local visits, in which were raised data and information about their relationship in the school. Through the data collected, it will be possible to construct an overview about this program, the actors involved, and the work environment as well. Grounded primarily in the literature about pedagogical intervention, effective management and external evaluations, you can find the several dimensions factors that define the success or failure of the program in the SRE Diamantina MG. Our data show that efficient and effective implementation besides monitoring public policy is relevant for good learning outcomes of the students. Thus, we present the positive results in terms of "best practices" identified in this research for dissemination through a Plano de Ação Educacional/PAE (Plan of Educational Action/PEA), to the public first years schools that belong to the Superintendência Regional de Diamantina/MG (Regional Superintendence of Education) in Diamantina/MG, in order to enhance, adapt and disseminate successful actions.

Ce travail reconstitue les mécanismes humoristiques propres à la concurrence politique des époques tardo-républicaine et impériale, dans le but de montrer les adaptations du risum mouere aux changements politiques et sociaux intervenus durant cette période. Il s’agit de dépasser une lecture théorique centrée sur le rire de l’homo urbanus et du bon orateur proposée par Cicéron et Quintilien pour lui préférer une lecture historicisée et combinatoire, considérant les orateurs, les traits d’esprit, les auditoires et les causes politiques comme un tout à l’agencement variable de ce que les Modernes nomment l’« humour politique ». Scrutant les divers contextes politiques de cet humour (les procès, le Sénat, les contiones, le Forum, la campagne militaire ou encore la rue), la recherche souligne également le passage, selon des rythmes syncopés résultant d’un repli de la causticité aristocratique face à César mais qui perdure à l’époque triumvirale, d’un « faire rire » frontal articulé autour du succès oratoire vers un humour fondé sur l’anonymat des correspondances, des graffitis ou des chants du triomphe. La dernière partie du travail, centrée sur le premier siècle du Principat, part de l’opposition établie par des sources pro-sénatoriales entre les « bons princes » et les « tyrans » pour mieux montrer que, ne se limitant pas à refuser ou à accepter le rire politique selon son degré de dangerosité pour leur autorité politique, les princes utilisèrent également le rire à leur profit, entretenant par là une « inaccessible accessibilité » au fondement du charisme impérial, permettant l’aboutissement de la « Révolution romaine ». / This work explores the links between risum mouere and Roman political competition from the two last centuries of the Republic to the beginnings of the Principate. It is necessary to go beyond a critical discussion of the influential theories of the good orator and homo urbanus (mostly conceptualized by Cicero and Quintilian) and instead to adopt a historicizing and complex reading of the phenomenon, conceiving political humor as an ever-changing object shaped by orators, jokes, audiences, and political struggles. In order to understand its role in the roman city, political humor thus needs to be considered as a contextualized whole. The first part of the dissertation considers risum mouere in the context of trials, in the Senate, on the Forum, in the street or at war. Each of these case studies reveals a type of political humor that is freely and openly used in public life. The second part tries to determine what impact Caesar’s rise and the triumvirs had on political competition and, at the same time, on the possibilities of using political humor in the city. This section sheds light on the multiple ways in which the aristocrats and people of Rome continued to mock the powerful (Caesar, Antony and Octavian) by using more discreet channels (correspondence, graffiti, triumphal songs), and how these enabled them to keep expressing strong political opposition, which was otherwise dangerous to address in broad daylight. The third and last part focuses on the first century A.D. and discusses the opposition elaborated by ancient authors between the “good prince”, who was naturally comfortable with political humor, and the repressive “tyrant”. A critical study of the literary documentation shows that every Princeps tended to discourage political humor when it meant an effective danger for the imperial authority, but also that emperors knew how to use laughter and humor to create a form of “inapproachable approachability” which constituted a foundation of imperial charisma and strengthened the new regime, born from the “Roman revolution”.

Contexte : Le traitement des informations externes étant toujours présent pendant le sommeil, présenter des stimulations sensorielles durant le sommeil peut en améliorer la qualité. Le mouvement latéral et doux d’un lit berçant, a montré des résultats prometteurs chez l’humain et la souris, sur une seule nuit chez des bons dormeurs. Objectif : L’objectif de ce projet pilote est d’évaluer les effets préliminaires du bercement durant le sommeil (mouvement latéral, 0.25Hz) sur la qualité du sommeil pendant plusieurs nuits consécutives. Nous cherchons à tester notre lit berceur et à reproduire les effets bénéfiques trouvés dans la littérature sur la qualité du sommeil, et à déterminer si ses effets se maintiennent lors de plusieurs nuits. Méthodologies : Le sommeil de 8 jeunes bons dormeurs (24.25  3.20 ans), a été évalué objectivement (polysomnographie, PSG), et subjectivement (questionnaires) durant 6 nuits, dont 5 nuits expérimentales sur le lit berceur (3 nuits bercées (B), 2 nuits stationnaires (S)). Résultats : Lors de B1, les participants ont passé moins de temps en sommeil profond (N3; p=0.013), et plus de temps éveillé (p=0.03) que lors de S1. En B2 ils ont passé plus de temps éveillé qu’en S2 (p=0.039), moins en B2 qu’en B1 (p=0.023), sans changements entre S1 et S2 ni entre B2 et B3 (toutes p>0.05), bien que 6/8 participants ont augmenté leur %N3 et diminué leur %N1+N2 de B2 à B3. Aucune influence du bercement sur la qualité du sommeil subjective, l’humeur ou la perception du sommeil n’est ressortie (toutes p>0.05). Conclusion : Au cours des 3 nuits bercées, une habituation du dormeur au bercement semble se produire. L’absence de résultats bénéfiques viendrait des propriétés de l’accélération linéaire du moteur. / Context: Since the process of external information continues during sleep, presenting sensory stimuli during sleep can enhance its quality. The gentle lateral movement of a rocking bed has shown promising results in humans and mice during a single night with good sleepers. Objective: The objective of this pilot study is to evaluate the preliminary effects of rocking during sleep (lateral movement, 0.25Hz) on sleep quality over multiple consecutive nights. We aim to test our rocking bed and replicate the beneficial effects found in the literature on sleep quality, as well as determine if these effects persist over several nights. Methodology: The sleep of 8 young good sleepers (24.25 ± 3.20 years) was objectively assessed (polysomnography, PSG) and subjectively evaluated (questionnaires) over 6 nights, including 5 experimental nights on the rocking bed (3 rocking nights (B), 2 stationary nights (S)). Results: During B1, participants spent less time in deep sleep (N3; p=0.013) and more time awake (p=0.03) compared to S1. They spent more time awake in B2 than in S2 (p=0.039), and in B2 than in B1 (p=0.023), with no changes between S1 and S2 nor between B2 and B3 (all p>0.05). However, 6/8 participants increased their %N3 and decreased their %N1+N2 from B2 to B3. No influence of rocking on subjective sleep quality, mood, or sleep perception was observed (all p>0.05). Conclusion: Over the course of the 3 rocking nights, a habituation of the participant to the rocking movement seems to occur. The absence of beneficial results may be attributed to the linear acceleration properties of the motor.

Introduction: En réponse aux exigences du gouvernement fédéral en ce qui concerne les temps d'attente pour les chirurgies électives d’hanche et du genou, les Organismes Canadiens de santé ont adopté des stratégies de gestion pour les listes d'attente. Cependant, il n'existe pas actuellement aucune information disponible concernant les effets imprévus, positive ou négative, de ces stratégies. Méthodologie: Un modèle qui a été construit est tombé en panne la gestion de la chirurgie d’hanche et du genou en différentes étapes, afin d'identifier les effets imprévus possibles pour chaque étape; le modèle a été validé auprès d'un panel d'experts. Cette étude a choisi quatre études de cas en fonction de leur durabilité: un cas qui a été durable, un cas qui a été modérément durable, et deux cas peu probable d'être durable. Dans cette étude qualitative, nous avons mené 31 entretiens semi-structurés entre Novembre 2010 et Juin 2011 avec les gestionnaires, les infirmières, les thérapeutes et les chirurgiens impliqués dans la gestion des stratégies du temps d’attente pour les chirurgies électives d’hanche et du genou. Les quatre cas ont été sélectionnés à partir de trois provinces / régions. Nous avons analysé les conséquences non intentionnelles aux niveaux systémique et organisationnelle en utilisant les stratégies dans chaque contexte. Enregistrements des entrevues ont été transcrits mot à mot et soumis à l'analyse du cadre. Résultats: Les effets négatifs sont la précarité des stratégies en raison du non-récurrente financement, l'anxiété chez les patients qui ne sont pas prêts pour la chirurgie, une redistribution du temps de chirurgie vers l’orthopédie au détriment des autres interventions chirurgicales, tensions entre les chirurgiens et entre les orthopédistes et anesthésistes, et la pression sur le personnel dans le bloc opératoire et postopératoire. Conclusion: La stratégie d’implémentation aux niveaux national et local devrait prendre en compte les conséquences potentielles, positives et négatives. Il y a des conséquences inattendues à chaque niveau de l'organisation des soins de santé. Individuellement et collectivement, ces conséquences peuvent positivement et négativement affecter les résultats. Par conséquent, la planification de la santé doit analyser et prendre en compte les conséquences inattendues en termes de bonnes résultats inattendues, compromis et les conséquences négatives afin d'améliorer les résultats. / Introduction: In response to federal government requirements regarding wait times for elective hip and knee surgeries, Canadian healthcare organizations have adopted wait list management strategies. However, there is currently no information available regarding the unanticipated effects, positive or negative, of these strategies. Methodology: A model was constructed that broke down the management of elective hip and knee surgery into different steps, in order to identify the unanticipated potential effects for each step; the model was validated with a panel of experts. This study chose four case studies based on their sustainability: one case that was sustainable, one case that was moderately sustainable, and two cases considered unlikely to be sustainable. In this qualitative study, we conducted 31 semi-structured interviews between November 2010 and June 2011 with managers, nurses, therapists and surgeons involved in wait time management strategies for hip and knee surgeries. The four cases were selected from three provinces/areas. We analyzed potential unintended consequences at the systemic and organizational levels of using these strategies in each setting. Interview recordings were transcribed verbatim and subjected to framework analysis. Results: Negative effects were the strategies’ precariousness due to non-recurrent funding, anxiety in patients not ready for surgery, a redistribution of surgical time toward orthopaedics at the expense of other surgeries, tensions between surgeons and between orthopaedic surgeons and anaesthesiologists, and significant pressure on personnel in the operating suite and in post-operative care. Conclusions: Strategy implementation at the national and local levels should take into consideration any potential consequences, positive and negative. There are unintended consequences at each level of healthcare organization. Individually and jointly, these consequences can positively and negatively affect outcomes. Therefore, health planning should analyze and take into account unintended consequences in terms of serendipities, trade-offs and negative consequences in order to improve results.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Deborah Fonseca Fernandes.pdf: 1252359 bytes, checksum: 4ea5a814d8ec3eff2f554dfe0d5118ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-09 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The purpose of this work is to present the elements that structure the theory of abuse of right in the current Brazilian law from the analysis of the expressions contained in article 187 of the Civil Code of 2002, that is, what is Law and right, the object of abuse, good faith, morality and the social and economic role of right, which are expressed limits imposed by law. In addition, there are, briefly, the historical development of the theory, the doctrinal currents on the subject and its design in Portuguese civil law. It sought through research in national and foreign doctrines clarify the contents of vague terms used for the characterization of the abuse of rights theory and the difficulties to accept it because of the apparent conformation behavior with a subjective right prescribed by law. Through the doctrinal and jurisprudential study presents the foundations of theory and its practical importance for solving social disputes. Thus, it can be seen that the theory is not merely ideal, but with relevance to be effective, in some cases, the only tool able to facilitate the restoration of the legal relationship to that expected by law / O objetivo da dissertação é apresentar os fundamentos que estruturam a teoria do abuso do direito no direito brasileiro vigente a partir da análise dos elementos contidos no artigo 187 do Código Civil de 2002, isto é, o que é o direito, que será objeto de abuso, a boa-fé, os bons costumes e os fins social e econômico do direito, que são os limites expressos trazidos pela legislação. Além disso, analisa-se, ainda que sem esgotar os temas, a evolução histórica da teoria, as correntes doutrinárias e sua concepção no direito civil português. Buscou-se por meio de pesquisas em doutrinas nacional e estrangeiras esclarecer o conteúdo de termos vagos utilizados para a caracterização da teoria do abuso do direito e as dificuldades de aceitá-la em razão da aparente conformação do comportamento com algum direito subjetivo prescrito em lei. Através do estudo doutrinário e jurisprudencial apresentam-se os fundamentos da teoria e sua importância prática para solução de controvérsias sociais. Com isso, pode-se observar que a teoria não é meramente ideal, mas com relevância efetiva por ser, em certos casos, a única ferramenta hábil a viabilizar a recomposição da relação jurídica para aquilo esperado pelo direito

In the financial industry , typical indirect-financial institution attracts deposit, inter-bank loan, or issuing negotiable certificate of time deposit and bonds.¡@After collecting money from excess capital units through auditing procedure then loan to the needed parties as a financial intermediary in the market. The roles of financial institutions such as banks are acting as a financial intermediary by providing buy-sell funding to enterprises or individuals. Those banks actually take whole funding liquidity risk to exchange main resource of bank¡¦s profitability. Once failure in managing risk or facing dynamically financial environment changing, bank may engage in difficulty and cause serious financial crisis. Comparison with large international financial institutions, our financial institutions hold a lot of NPL (Non-Performing Loan; Taiwan major NPL almost came from mortgage), it not only lower the liquidity of fund, longer payment duration but also raise operation risk can¡¦t recover financial assets. The quality of asset has also been worse off rapidly. These phenomena raise financial institution operation risk and influence stability of financial system and development of financial environment. With the financial environment is changing, those developed countries mostly adopted structured finance or financial asset securitization methods. The purpose of financial asset securitization in general is to raise fund for originator. Originator is the most important participant on the securitization process. The originators pool and reorganize those assets, which could create cash flow into small-amount unit security and sell to the investors. By this way originator don¡¦t have to wait till maturity and buyback those securities. That is why by using financial asset securitization will help financial institution to improve asset/liability management, spread asset risk and increase the ratio of equity to assets. At the same time, this will improve the effect and efficiency of finance institution¡¦s operating and open up the funding market. Mortgage securitization can raise banks¡¦ capital adequacy and current ratio. By way of asset securitization, the originators enjoy higher asset liquidity, lower funding cost, and improved capital ratio; while investors can use mortgage-backed securities to diversity their portfolios, improve liquidity and enhance yields. For originators, securitization is not only lower the cost of capital, increase the net profit but also enhances the liquidity of cash and balances the assets¡¦ structure. Assets-backed securitization has been prevailed in USA for years. It effectively controls the NPL (Non-performing Loans) problem and stabilizes financial management. Through financial asset securitization optimal asset allocation model, this thesis has the following finding: 1. Financial market funding supply shows multiple effects after Banking Financial asset securitization. In the initial stage of securitization, banks will lower risky assets and then will increase to original size. 2. After Financial asset securitization, a capital adequate ratio will rise first then become normal level. 3. Under assumption that financial asset securitization does not create any capital gain or loss; bank will lower profitability at initial stage. Then after a while, profitability will increase dramatically later. 4. After consideration of risk, this research discovers that securitization wills steeper Capital Allocation Line. It means every risk taking will compensate higher return. Improve Banking efficiency and profitability. Securitization provides a groundbreaking tool to increase profitability and avoid risk. Under MBS structure, the commissions and fees, absolutely out of risk, is major and stable income of the bank. On the other hand, the successful development of USA RTC implement is another contribution to resolve NPL. In sum, financial asset securitization not only accelerates the efficiency of financial institutions for more balance capital markets but also avoids financial risk in the banking system. At present, the prime theme of he banking sector should be how to maintain sound operations by strengthening credit risk management and restructure assets quality. Introducing successful external professional partner system is another way to deal with NPL problems.