Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-03-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:37:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 scudeler_f_me_botfca.pdf: 1044258 bytes, checksum: 463181dbc507a5ef09e2efc81b815e2a (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Empresa Privada / A cultura da batata possui grande expressão econômica dentro do cenário agrícola. Para issso, equipamentos e técnicas de aplicação de produtos fitossanitários vêm sendo desenvolvidos visando melhorar o rendimento econômico da cultura. Neste sentido, experimentos foram conduzidos na cultura da batata (cv Àgata) objetivando avaliar a deposição da pulverização e ângulos por meio de um traçador cúprico, bem como as perdas da calda para o solo. Utilizou-se o pulverizador Advance Votrtex 2000 com presença e ausência de ar junto a barra de pulverização e ângulos de aplicação de +30 graus, O graus e -30 graus (sinal + a favor e -contrário ao deslocamento) totalizando seis tratamentos. As diferentes combinações envolvendo assistência de ar e ângulo da barra foram analizadas por meio da aplicação de 400 L ha-1 de calda utilizando pontas de jato Cônico vazio JA-4 a 633 kPa de pressão. Para avaliacção dos depósitos do ion cobre foi desenvolvido um instrumento metálico de amostragem simultânea das superfícies adaxial e abaxial dos folíolos. Os depósitos foram removidos por água de lavagem e quantificados por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica, em ambas as superficies foliares, nas posições superior e inferior das plantas de batata. As perdas da pulverização foram avaliadas em coletores plásticos colocados nas entrelinhas das percelas experimentais. Os níveos dos depósitos do traçador cúprico nas difrentes posições da planta foram analisados pelo teste estatístico T2 de Hotteling. Os maiores depósitos foram constatados cm a barra pulverizadora posicionada a 0 graus e +30 graus , em presença da assintencia de ar, tanto na posição superior quanto na inferior da planta. A presença do ar , além de propiciar maiores depósitos na parte inferior da plantas possibilitou maior uniformidade na distribuição dos depósitos. As perdas da pulverização para o solo ficaram abaixo de 4%. / Within the Brazilian agricultural scene, the potato crop plays a significant economic role. Modern equipment and the development of improved chemical product application techniques contribute to the constant search for a improved revenue from de potato crop. Experiments were carried out on a potato crop of the Agata variety. The aim was to evaluate spray deposition whit a cupric tracer using air assistance and also the spray loss on the soil. An Advance Vortex 2000 sprayer was used both with and without boom air assistance at different angles of application. The boom angles at 0°, +30° and -30° were directioned in a vertical position as well as forwards and back forwards in accordance with displacement. Six combinations treatments were used in a experiment. The trials were sprayed at 400 L ha-1 volume rate using hollow cone nozzles JA-4 at 633 kPa. An instrument, which simultaneously took samples of both the underside and upperside of leaflets, was developed in order to evaluate the tracer deposits. The deposits on both surfaces at upper and lower leaflet were removed by washing with water and quantified by spectrophotometry of atomic absorption. To measure spray loss, plastic measuring collectors were placed between rows. The cupper tracer deposit levels in different positions of the plant were analysed by Tø Hotteling statistic test. Larger deposits were detected in both upper and lower plant positions 4 when the spray boom was positioned at 0º and +30º with the presence of air assistance. The presence of air, as well as having the effect of increasing spray deposits in the lower regions of the plant, helped bring about greater uniformity in the distribution of it. The spray loss was bellow 4%.

Med växande arealer som inte röjs, samt ett ökat intresse för skogsbränsleuttag, krävs utveckling av teknik och metoder för att kunna utvinna denna resurs. Genom att, från uppställningsplatser i stickväg, avverka träd i krankorridorer minskar antalet kranrörelser per träd. Detta minskar i sin tur den höga avverkningskostnaden i stamtäta, klena bestånd. I ett tallbestånd i södra Sverige undersöktes metoden krankorridorgallring. I transekter vinkelrätt från stickväg mättes höjd, brösthöjdsdiameter, stubbdiameter, stamantal, trädslagsblandning, stubbhöjder och skador, samt dess stickvägsavstånd. Detta beräknades sedan i Excel. Gallringskvoten var på 0,77, alltså ökade beståndets medeldiameter och höjd. Gallringsstyrkan låg på 53% med 61% avverkade träd i krankorridorer, resten i stickväg. Andelen skador var 1.5% och stubbhöjden 48 cm, inga av dessa kunde korreleras till stickvägsavståndet. Innan åtgärd stod endast 2267 stammar >3cm per hektar, bestånd med högre stamantal behövs för en bättre utvärdering av metoden. / With a growing number of unmanaged stands with a high number of stems per hectare and low diameters, and with growing interests in biomass extractions for fuel, development of proper technology and methods to extract these resources is required. By mechanical harvesting of trees in corridors, the number of crane movements per tree is decreased, resulting in lower harvest costs. In a pine stand in southern Sweden, this method of boom-corridor thinning was examined. This was done by measuring, perpendicular to the strip road, mean heights, breast height- and stump diameters, number of stems, tree species composition, stump heights and damages from thinning and later calculated in Excel. The relationship between harvested and standing tree diameters where 0,77, which can be compared to a heavy thinning from below. The thinning grade resulted in 53% with 61% trees harvested in boom-corridors. Damage percent resulted in 1.5% and the mean stump-height was 48 cm, none of these factors could be connected to their strip-road distance. Before thinning the number of stems was 2267 stems >3cm per hectare. For a better evaluation of the method, stands with higher number of stems would be required.

At the core of this research is the question is: Is recession good for your health? The purpose of the research served to form a theoretical framework to support the concept that recession is not good for one’s health, but in fact creates a trend where individuals need health care more than in boom periods. There is also the concern that due to economic downturn even in Nordic nations, citizens do not receive health care out of concern for the expense or detriment to employment. The hypothesis of this research remains: Yes, recession has a negative impact upon health for individuals experiencing such conditions. The study builds the thesis and hypothesis that recession is bad for one’s health due to the extra stress of economic downturn and loss to gross domestic product. The countries included in this analysis were Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United States. Literature and case study evidence supports the connection between recession being bad for an individual’s health with regard to how such loss of employment and opportunities also forms gaps between individuals. Literature as well as data results support the concept of recession being bad for one’s health because of greater disparity forming in Western nations, but also specifically the United States. Methodology and research design points to a platform design where the approach is strictly quantitative. Data collection for this project focused on searching the Eurostat and OECD databases within the time range of the recession period where collection procedures focused on gathering information about Nordic countries. The countries included in this analysis were Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United States. Specific variables for testing to prove or disprove the core problem statement focused on Nordic countries’ gross domestic product or GDP to be compared with the average amount of physicians visits and income factors for those citizens. By testing for these factors concerning health care trends during recession, one was able to find a correlation between the recession having a negative impact upon health. This indeed tests the hypothesis of: Is recession good for your health? The answer is a definitive: No, recession is not good for your health and in fact, negatively impacts health of individuals experiencing recession.

abstract: In the mid-1990’s, in Mexico, a group of novelists emerged during a public appearance at a literary venture aimed to go against predominant forms of aesthetics, canon, groups or literary ‘mafias’ prevalent during that time period. The group of five young writers called themselves “El grupo crack,” (The crack group). They brought with them the crack manifesto (1996) where each member of the group wrote to plea for a renovation of the novel with the assurance of having literary works that would challenge the reader as much as the literary status quo. Along with the manifesto, each one of them presented a novel. A few years after the presentation, the members of the group received many literary prices and accolades, inside and out of academic circles. One of the primary objectives of this work is to expose the poetic proposal of the literary grupo crack as it relates to previous movements, groups, and literary trends. Among the five writers of the group, Jorge Volpi has shown a significant growth in his literary corpus in a very short period of time. Aside from the great recognition he has received for his novel En busca de Klingsor (1999), (In search of Klingsor), Volpi has been a motive of study, mostly, for his narrative, leaving behind his essays. There are two collections of political-cultural essays that are well hidden in the early Jorge Volpi bibliography. The first one is titled La imaginación y el poder. Una historia intelectual de 1968 (1998), (Imagination and Power. An Intellectual history of 1968), and the second, La guerra y las palabras. Una historia intelectual de 1994 (2004), (War and Words. An intellectual history of 1994). Both works have been ignored in the bibliography of the grupo crack. To analyze both works it was necessary to contextualize Mexican history of the years 1968 and 1994, respectively. The analysis shows the interaction and coexistence between the intellectual class and the Mexican political class in an authoritarian regime, same symbiosis that Vargas Llosa would once refer to as “the perfect dictatorship.” / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Spanish 2015

Orientador: Carlos Gilberto Raetano / Banca: Dagoberto Martins / Banca: Marcelo da Costa Ferreira / Resumo: Com o intuito de melhorar a eficiência de controle de Phakopsora pachyrhizi, o presente trabalho avaliou diferentes técnicas de pulverização sobre os depósitos, e parâmetros de produção: classificação dos grãos por peneiras e peso de 1000 sementes e a produtividade da cultura. Seis experimentos foram conduzidos em área experimental da FCA/UNESP - Campus de Botucatu, na cultura da soja (var. Conquista), quatro na safra 2006/07 e dois na safra de 2007/08. O experimento 1 foi conduzido no delineamento em blocos ao acaso com 8 tratamentos e quatro repetições, totalizando 32 parcelas. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos no esquema fatorial 4 x 2 (quatro níveis de ar 0, 9, 11 e 29 km h-1 combinados a dois ângulos de aplicação 0˚ e 30˚) com pontas de jato plano AXI 110015. As parcelas foram dimensionadas em 8,0 x 10,0 m (largura x comprimento). De cada parcela foram selecionadas, ao acaso, dez plantas para a amostragem dos depósitos da pulverização. À cada planta foram fixados alvos artificiais (papel filtro na dimensão 3 x 3 cm), dois na parte superior e dois na parte inferior das plantas e, em cada parte da planta um na superfície abaxial e outro na superfície adaxial do mesmo folíolo. Para avaliação dos depósitos, foi utilizada uma substância cúprica marcadora e a quantificação dos depósitos foi por espectrofotometria. O experimento 2 foi conduzido no mesmo local e os tratamentos distribuídos no mesmo delineamento do experimento anterior, acrescido da testemunha (plantas não tratadas). No estádio de desenvolvimento R 2 e R 5.2, foram realizadas pulverizações com um fungicida triazol à 142 L ha-1. As avaliações do número de pústulas/cm² em folíolos retirados da parte inferior da planta foram realizadas semanalmente. Nos experimentos 3 e 4 foram comparadas quatro tecnologias de aplicação: pulverização convencional (sem ar); pulverização com... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In order to improve control efficiency of Phakopsora pachyrhizi the present research evaluated different spraying techniques on spray deposits and yield parameters: classification of the seeds by sieving and the weight of 1000 seeds and the productivity of the crops. Six experiments were carried out in the experimental area of FCA/UNESP - Botucatu, SP, on soybean crop (Conquista variety). Four of these experiments on the 2006/07 crop and two in the 2007/08 crop were carried out. The first experiment was set in blocks at random design with 8 treatments and four repetitions, totalysing 32 parcels. The treatments were distributed in the squeme 4 x 2 (four air levels 0, 9, 11 and 29 km h-1 combined at two application angles, 0˚ and 30˚) using flat fan nozzles AXI 110015 type. The dimensions of the parcels were 8,0 x 10,0 m (length x width). In each parcel were selected, at random, ten plants to samplify the spray deposits. Artficial targets (filter paper with 3 x 3 cm) were fixed on each plant, two in the upper part and two at the bottom part of the plants and, in each part there was one target the abaxial and another one in the adaxial surface of the same leaflet. For deposits evaluation a tracer cupric substance was used and the spray deposits were quantified by spectrophotometry. The second experiment was carried out in the same place and the treatments were distributed in the same experimental design, more check plot (non treated plants). In R 2 and R 5.2 growth stages it was sprayed a triazol fungicide at 142 L ha-1. Evaluations of the number of pustules cm-2 on leaflets that were removed from the lower part of the plants were realized weekly. On the third and fourth experiments four application technologies were compared: conventional spraying (whitout air) and spraying with the help of air in boom spray at 9, 11 and 29 km h-1 of the air speed on spray deposits and to control... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Carlos Gilberto Raetano / Banca: Ulisses Rocha Antuniasi / Banca: Hamilton Humberto Ramos / Resumo: A cultura da batata possui grande expressão econômica dentro do cenário agrícola. Para issso, equipamentos e técnicas de aplicação de produtos fitossanitários vêm sendo desenvolvidos visando melhorar o rendimento econômico da cultura. Neste sentido, experimentos foram conduzidos na cultura da batata (cv Àgata) objetivando avaliar a deposição da pulverização e ângulos por meio de um traçador cúprico, bem como as perdas da calda para o solo. Utilizou-se o pulverizador Advance Votrtex 2000 com presença e ausência de ar junto a barra de pulverização e ângulos de aplicação de +30 graus, O graus e -30 graus (sinal + a favor e -contrário ao deslocamento) totalizando seis tratamentos. As diferentes combinações envolvendo assistência de ar e ângulo da barra foram analizadas por meio da aplicação de 400 L ha-1 de calda utilizando pontas de jato Cônico vazio JA-4 a 633 kPa de pressão. Para avaliacção dos depósitos do ion cobre foi desenvolvido um instrumento metálico de amostragem simultânea das superfícies adaxial e abaxial dos folíolos. Os depósitos foram removidos por água de lavagem e quantificados por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica, em ambas as superficies foliares, nas posições superior e inferior das plantas de batata. As perdas da pulverização foram avaliadas em coletores plásticos colocados nas entrelinhas das percelas experimentais. Os níveos dos depósitos do traçador cúprico nas difrentes posições da planta foram analisados pelo teste estatístico T2 de Hotteling. Os maiores depósitos foram constatados cm a barra pulverizadora posicionada a 0 graus e +30 graus , em presença da assintencia de ar, tanto na posição superior quanto na inferior da planta. A presença do ar , além de propiciar maiores depósitos na parte inferior da plantas possibilitou maior uniformidade na distribuição dos depósitos. As perdas da pulverização para o solo ficaram abaixo de 4%. / Abstract: Within the Brazilian agricultural scene, the potato crop plays a significant economic role. Modern equipment and the development of improved chemical product application techniques contribute to the constant search for a improved revenue from de potato crop. Experiments were carried out on a potato crop of the "Agata" variety. The aim was to evaluate spray deposition whit a cupric tracer using air assistance and also the spray loss on the soil. An Advance Vortex 2000 sprayer was used both with and without boom air assistance at different angles of application. The boom angles at 0°, +30° and -30° were directioned in a vertical position as well as forwards and back forwards in accordance with displacement. Six combinations treatments were used in a experiment. The trials were sprayed at 400 L ha-1 volume rate using hollow cone nozzles JA-4 at 633 kPa. An instrument, which simultaneously took samples of both the underside and upperside of leaflets, was developed in order to evaluate the tracer deposits. The deposits on both surfaces at upper and lower leaflet were removed by washing with water and quantified by spectrophotometry of atomic absorption. To measure spray loss, plastic measuring collectors were placed between rows. The cupper tracer deposit levels in different positions of the plant were analysed by Tø Hotteling statistic test. Larger deposits were detected in both upper and lower plant positions 4 when the spray boom was positioned at 0º and +30º with the presence of air assistance. The presence of air, as well as having the effect of increasing spray deposits in the lower regions of the plant, helped bring about greater uniformity in the distribution of it. The spray loss was bellow 4%. / Mestre

The study’s main concern was the extent to which the price earnings (P/E) valuation model and constant growth dividend discount valuation model (DDM) can estimate the intrinsic value of a share. The context within which the concern was addressed is the boom and recession conditions of South Africa during the period 1994–1999. The study used the following descriptive statistics to make a comparison of the performance of each model: <ul><li> Theil’s inequality coefficient; </li><li> coefficient of variation; </li><li> percentage improvement in the inter-quartile range (%IMP); and</li><li> the Wilcoxon test and the Kruskal-Wallis test. </li></ul> The study found that: <ul><li> the DDM is more efficient in estimating the intrinsic value in the boom period compared to the recession period. </li><li> P/E is more efficient in estimating the intrinsic value in the recession period than the boom period. </li><li> When the business cycle changed from a boom to a recession the %IMP increased for the DDM and the P/E model showing that there was no improvement in performance. Instead, it showed an increase in the IQR of each model. The increase in the DDM was smaller than that of the P/E model. </li><li> The difference between the absolute valuation errors of the DDM across the two phases of the business cycle (boom and recession) was not statistically significant while those of the P/E were significant. </li></ul> / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Financial Management / unrestricted

This dissertation re-evaluates the place of José Donoso in the Latin American Boom as well as the consequences of this period in the writing process of his most renowned novel, The Obscene Bird of Night (1970). Its focal points are under-utilized archival material related to the novel's writing process, including Donoso's notebooks, typescripts and his personal correspondence. Spotlighting the transformation of specific episodes of the novel and the traces of the Boom through his notebooks, I argue that the published version of this work is in great part the result of Donoso's relationships with the writers of the Boom and the "nueva novela". The borderline position that Donoso occupies in the Boom (sometimes included, sometimes not) can best be explained by the late publication of this crucial novel, since Donoso's correspondence reveals that he was an important agent in the machinery behind the Boom.

Although the concept of tensegrity structures was invented in the beginning of the twentieth century, the applications of these structures are limited, partially due to their low stiffness. The stiffness of tensegrities comes from topology, configuration, pre-stress and initial axial element stiffnesses.  The first part of the present work is concerned with finding the magnitude of pre-stress. Its role in stiffness of tensegrity structures is to postpone the slackening of cables. A high pre-stress could result in instability of the structure due to buckling and yielding of compressive and tension elements, respectively. Tensegrity structures are subjected to various external loads such as self-weight, wind or snow loads which in turn could act in different directions and be of different magnitudes. Flexibility analysis is used to find the critical load combinations. The magnitude of pre-stress, in order to sustain large external loads, is obtained through flexibility figures, and flexibility ellipsoids are employed to ensure enough stiffness of the structure when disturbances are applied to a loaded structure.  It has been seen that the most flexible direction is very much sensitive to the pre-stress magnitude and neither analytical methods nor flexibility ellipsoids are able to find the most flexible directions. The flexibility figures from a non-linear analysis are here utilized to find the weak directions.  In the second part of the present work, a strategy is developed to compare tensegrity booms of triangular prism and Snelson types with a truss boom. It is found that tensegrity structures are less stiff than a truss boom when a transversal load is applied. An optimization approach is employed to find the placement of the actuators and their minimum length variations. The results show that the bending stiffness can be significantly improved, but still an active tensegrity boom is less stiff than a truss boom. Genetic algorithm shows high accuracy of searching non-structural space. / QC 20110524

Thin cylindrical shell structures may provide an interesting breakthrough for deployable  structures for small satellites. Its bi-stable behaviour allows two different stable configurations: coiled and deployed. Several projects worldwide are using tape springs for satellites and for the SEAM project, at KTH, 1 meter long tape springs will be used for booms. This thesis investigates the energy stored inside the tape spring according to its layup configuration and the different fiber orientations. With a thickness around 0.3 mm and a length of one meter, the booms will deploy sensors with a quite low deployment speed in order to minimize the shock load during the deployment phase. A Matlab code is written to compare the stored strain energy. Another aim is to find an adequate layup all along the tape spring, it means change the fiber orientation to decrease the energy released, but also generating main manufacturing issue.