Cette recherche se concentre sur un modèle causal de certains antécédents et les conséquences des dimensions des relations BRQ (chaud vs froid): un test empirique dans un contexte Vietnamien. L'enquête repose sur les théories de la personnalité de la marque, des antécédents (l'auto-congruence et qualité des partenaires), les conséquences (WTP – volonté à payer, la taille de l'ensemble de considération et WOM – le bouche-à-oreille), le BRQ (chaud vs froid) et l'intention de la marque.Les objectifs de cette recherche sont: premièrement, déterminer les effets de la personnalité de la marque sur les antécédents de deux composantes de la BRQ dans le contexte Vietnamien. Deuxièmement, étudier l’impact des antécédents et les conséquences des deux composantes de BRQ sur l'intention d’achat de la marque dans le contexte Vietnamien. Un modèle structurel a été développé illustrant la relation entre la personnalité de la marque (antidépresseur) et les conséquences d'une relation de qualité de marque (BRQ). Cela a entraîné le développement de vingt hypothèses. Pour répondre aux objectifs de cette recherche, des données ont été recueillies, axées sur six classes de produits et, au final, 634 questionnaires ont été recueillis. En ce qui concerne le développement théorique actuel. On a fait recours aux équations structurelles pour analyser les données.Les principaux résultats soutiennent nos attentes. Tout d'abord, les résultats de cette étude révèlent que la personnalité de la marque a une influence positive sur les deux variables de l'auto-congruence et de la qualité des partenaires, mais on voit clairement qu'il existe une différence entre le niveau d'influence et d'importance. Deuxièmement, étant donné que l'auto-congruence a un effet plus important sur le chaud que froid BRQ, d'autre part, la qualité des partenaires a un effet plus important sur le froid que chaud BRQ. Cependant, en fonction du coefficient de chemin de l'auto-congruence et de la qualité des partenaires, les résultats révèlent que l’auto-congruence a un effet positif sur les chauds et froids BRQ par rapport à la qualité des partenaires. Ensuite, pour voir les effets du chaud et froid BRQ sur les conséquences de celui-ci, les résultats révèlent que les chaud et froid BRQ ont des conséquences positives sur la volonté à payer, la taille de l'ensemble de considération et le bouche-à-oreille, qui sont pris en charge par nos hypothèses. En ce qui concerne les résultats de la condamnation des deux composantes de BRQ, nous avons constaté que la taille de l'ensemble de considération et le bouche-à-oreille n'ont aucune relation avec l'intention de la marque, alors que WTP a un effet positif sur la marque.Les principales contributions de cette recherche permettent de mieux comprendre le comportement des consommateurs sur le marché Vietnamien. Les résultats de notre étude montrent que les chauds BRQ ont une influence plus forte et plus significative sur la volonté à payer du consommateur. Cependant, le froid BRQ a considérablement influencé le bouche-à-oreille du consommateur. Par conséquent, le chaud BRQ, qui est la qualité de la relation émotionnelle, augmente principalement le comportement de fidélité des clients. En revanche, le froid BRQ aide à attirer de nouveaux clients’ grâce à une communication positive de bouche-à-oreille des clients. Le maintien des clients actuels et l'attrait des clients potentiels sont des moteurs essentiels pour la survie d'une marque ou d'un produit. Les gestionnaires ont besoin, par conséquent, d'avoir une incidence positive sur le chaud et froid BRQ de leurs clients. En outre, en fonction des résultats de la recherche, ils devraient se concentrer sur une volonté de payer un prix haut de gamme afin d'augmenter leur intention d'achat de marque. / The understanding of Vietnamese consumer behaviors toward brands is crucial for not only local but also foreign marketers to be prepared for the competition in the Vietnamese market. In addition, marketers are increasingly trying to build and to understand the relationship between their brands and consumers. So, this research focuses on a causal model of some antecedents and consequences of hot and cold brand relationship quality (BRQ) dimensions: an empirical test in a Vietnamese context. The investigation is based on the theories of brand personality, antecedents (self-congruence and partner quality), consequences (WTP, consideration set size, and WOM), hot and cold BRQ, and brand purchase intention.The aim behind of this research can be summed up in the following objective: firstly, to determine the effects of brand personality on antecedents of two components of BRQ in the context of Vietnam; secondly, to investigate the impacts of antecedents and consequences of two components of BRQ on brand purchase intention in the context of Vietnam. A structure model was developed illustrating the relationships (assumed) between brand personality on antecedents and consequences of brand relationship quality (BRQ). This resulted in the developed of twenty hypotheses. To address the research aims, data were collected which focused on six product classes and 634 questionnaires were collected in final. Regarding the current of theoretical development, PLS path modeling was used to analyze the data.The key findings emerged from the findings of the current research, which supports our expectation. First, the results of our findings reveal that brand personality has a positive influence on two variables self-congruence and partner quality, but it is clearly seen that there is a different level of influence and importance. Secondly, given that self-congruence is a more significant effect on hot than cold BRQ, on the other hand, partner quality is a more significant effect on cold than hot BRQ. However, based on the path coefficient of self-congruence and partner quality, the results reveal that self-congruence has a positive significant effect on both hot and cold BRQ compared to partner quality. Next, to see how the effects of hot and cold BRQ on the consequences of its, the findings reveal that hot and cold BRQ have positive on consequences with WTP, consideration set size, WOM, which are supported to our proposal hypotheses. Regarding the results of consequences of two components of BRQ on brand purchase intention. We found that consideration set size and WOM have no relationship with brand purchase intention, while WTP has a positive significant effect on brand purchase intention.The key contributions of this research provide a better understanding consumer behavior in the Vietnamese market. The findings of our study show that hot BRQ has been shown to have a stronger and significant influence on consumer’s WTP. Cold BRQ, however, was found to strongly impact the consumer’s WOM. Therefore, hot BRQ, which is the emotional relationship quality, mainly increases the loyalty behavior of customers; in contrast, cold BRQ helps to attract new customers by positively word-of-mouth communication of customers. Both the retention of current customers and the attraction of news customers are crucial drivers for the sustainable future of a brand or a product. Managers need, therefore, try to positively impact both hot and cold BRQ of their customers. Furthermore, based on the research results, they should focus on a willingness to pay price premium in order to increase their brand purchasing intention.

Un grand nombre d'études abordant le thème de la contrefaçon traite le comportement de consommation de l'article contrefait. Mais peu de recherches s'intéressent au consommateur de la marque de luxe lorsque celle-ci fait l'objet de contrefaçon. Ce travail doctoral vise à contribuer à ce niveau en étudiant les principaux aspects du comportement d'achat de la marque de luxe légitime. Cette recherche passe par l'identification et la mesure de l'insensibilité à la contrefaçon, nouveau concept développé au cours de ce travail, puis par l'étude de l'expérience de la marque et des variables relationnelles à la marque. L'intérêt de cette étude s'inscrit dans la contribution aux recherches sur la contrefaçon et plus précisément dans l'étude du comportement de consommation des articles originaux de la marque de luxe. D'un autre côté, le rapprochement avec l'expérience de marque ou encore avec la relation à la marque n'a pas pu être faite jusqu'à présent dans des recherches traitant de la contrefaçon, d'où l'intérêt de se pencher sur ces deux aspects importants de la marque de luxe. En termes méthodologiques, nous proposons tout d'abord une mesure de la réaction du consommateur de la marque de luxe légitime, à savoir l'échelle de l'insensibilité à la contrefaçon. Ensuite, nous mettons en place une modélisation sur PLS qui englobe les différents concepts étudiés. La capacité du modèle à refléter des relations complexes représente un apport méthodologique important. Au niveau managérial, il s'agit de contrer la contrefaçon en valorisant la marque de luxe. L'apport principal de cette recherche réside donc dans le management de la marque de luxe en elle-même. Nous suggérons aux gestionnaires de la marque de luxe de mieux choisir leurs actions marketing dans un contexte de contrefaçon. Favoriser l'immersion dans l'univers de la marque, impliquer le consommateur et renforcer sa relation avec la marque, ou encore cibler plus particulièrement les prescripteurs et les leaders d'opinion, seraient des moyens efficaces pour renforcer la fidélité du consommateur à sa marque de luxe et ce, malgré la présence de contrefaçon. / A large number of studies on counterfeiting explore consumers behavior in the consumption of counterfeit articles. But few of them consider luxury brand consumers and counterfeiting. Our doctoral study attempts to contribute to this field by studying principal aspects of luxury brand buying behavior. Our research aims to identify and measure insensitivity to counterfeiting which is a new concept developed in this study. Brand experience and relationship brand variables will also be considered. Our study contributes to counterfeiting's researches, and more precisely to researches on consumption of legitimate products. On the other side, the connection with brand experience or the relationships with the luxury brand have not been undertaken in counterfeiting researches which leads us to considerate these two important aspects of the luxury brand. Concerning the methodological facet, we first propose the measure of consumer's reaction toward counterfeiting, namely insensitivity to counterfeiting. Then, we perform a PLS model that includes all concepts studied and specifies complex links between concepts. In a managerial way, we propose to counter counterfeiting by focusing on the luxury brand itself. We suggest for luxury brand managers to choose the appropriate marketing tool. Immersion in brand universe, consumer implication or focusing on opinion leaders, are good ways to enhance consumer's loyalty, despite the presence of counterfeiting.

Esta tese explora um aspecto social específico da interação entre consumidores e marcas em mídias sociais, que é o nível de intimidade da marca. Este fator é entendido como o grau em que a marca interage como um ator social psicologicamente próximo aos seus consumidores, sendo operacionalizado na forma de um construto latente formado pela autorrevelação, pela expressividade de emoções, pela transmissão de sentimentos positivos e de calor humano e pela informalidade. Embora as mídias sociais já tenham se tornado um componente importante para as estratégias de relacionamento das empresas com seus clientes, ainda há uma falta de construtos específicos de relacionamento social na maior parte dos modelos tradicionalmente empregados em branding e comércio eletrônico. Assim, o objetivo geral desta tese foi o de entender como este nível de intimidade da marca influencia o comportamento dos consumidores nas mídias sociais e quando pode ser mais vantajoso para as marcas buscarem maior ou menor intimidade, dependendo do contexto de consumo em que atuam. Mais especificamente, o efeito da intimidade da marca foi analisado em duas variações de contextos de consumo: no caso de serviços de objetivo hedônico ou utilitário; e no caso de serviços de alto ou baixo envolvimento situacional. Quatro estudos experimentais foram usados, apresentando reproduções de páginas de marca no Facebook para participantes selecionados através do Amazon MTurk. Através do Estudo 1, foram oferecidas evidências de suporte ao efeito positivo da intimidade da marca nas respostas dos consumidores – intenção de compra, intenção de uso da página de marca, aceitação e fornecimento de boca a boca online – em função do aumento do valor hedônico da experiência dos consumidores na mídia social. Os resultados do Estudo 1 também ofereceram suporte à hipótese de moderação deste efeito positivo da intimidade da marca pelo tipo de consumo buscado pelos consumidores. A intimidade da marca teve um efeito maior quando os consumidores buscavam um objetivo hedônico do que um objetivo utilitário. O Estudo 2 foi projetado para testar o efeito moderador da valência geral das postagens sobre a marca na mídia social. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que, com o maior número de opiniões negativas sobre a marca na mídia social, o efeito positivo da intimidade da marca deixa de se manifestar em todas as variáveis dependentes. O Estudo 3 analisou a possibilidade de que a intimidade da marca pudesse tornar as respostas dos consumidores menos favoráveis à marca, no caso do aumento do risco percebido. Confirmando esta hipótese, o risco percebido foi verificado como um mediador do efeito negativo da intimidade da marca e o nível de envolvimento situacional como um moderador desta relação. Por fim, o Estudo 4 foi projetado para verificar a possibilidade de influência da valência geral das postagens sobre a marca no efeito da intimidade da marca nas variáveis dependentes. Porém, os resultados deste estudo não indicaram nenhuma interação entre a intimidade da marca e a valência geral das postagens, mas apenas um efeito direto da valência geral das postagens na intenção de compra e de boca a boca. De uma forma geral, os resultados desta tese podem contribuir não apenas para a literatura sobre marketing e comércio eletrônico, mas também podem ser úteis para informar os gerentes de marketing sobre como e quando eles deveriam abordar seus clientes de uma forma mais (ou menos) próxima. Em especial, os resultados indicam ser possível obter melhores respostas em termos de intenção de compra, uso da página de marca e boca a boca online, aumentando o nível de intimidade de marca se esta está mais relacionada a produtos/serviços mais hedônicos e de baixo envolvimento situacional, mas diminuindo o nível de intimidade se o produto/serviço está associado a um alto risco e a um elevado envolvimento situacional. / This thesis explores a specific aspect of social interaction between consumers and brands on social media, which is the level of brand intimacy. This factor is defined as the degree to which the brand interacts as a psychologically close social actor to its consumers, and it is operated as a latent construct composed of self-disclosure, emotion expressivity, transmission of positive feelings, human warmth and informality. Although social media have already become an important component in the relationship strategies of companies with their customers, there is still a lack of specific constructs of social relationship in most models traditionally used in online branding and ecommerce. Thus, the general purpose of this thesis was to understand how this level of brand intimacy influences consumer behavior on social media and when it may be more advantageous for brands to seek greater or lesser intimacy, depending on the consumption context in which they operate. More specifically, the effect of brand intimacy was examined under two variations of consumption contexts: in the case of hedonic or utilitarian services; and in the case of services of high or low situational involvement. Four experimental studies were applied to participants selected through Amazon MTurk, with reproductions of Facebook brand pages. The first study provided evidence supporting the positive effect of brand intimacy in consumer responses (purchase intention, intention to use brand page, acceptance and delivery of e-WOM) – due to the increased hedonic value the experience of consumers on social media. The results of Study 1 also offered support to the hypothesis that this positive effect of intimacy brand is moderated by the consumers’ goal type. Brand intimacy had a greater effect when consumers had a hedonic goal than when they had a utilitarian goal. Study 2 was designed to test the moderating effect of the overall valence of posts about the brand on social media. The results confirmed this effect and showed that the positive effect of brand intimacy in all dependent variables ceased to exist due to the number of negative opinions on the brand page. The third study analyzed the possibility that the level of brand intimacy could make consumers’ responses less favorable to the brand in the case of increased perceived risk. Confirming this hypothesis, the perceived risk was observed as a mediator of this negative effect of brand intimacy. Additionally, the study verified that the level of situational involvement was a moderator of this relationship. Finally, the fourth study was designed to test the possibility that the overall valence of the posts about the brand could moderate the effect of brand intimacy on the dependent variables. However, the results of this study indicated no interaction between brand intimacy and the overall valence of the posts, but only a direct effect of the overall valence of posts on purchase intention and e-WOM. In a general way, the results of this thesis can contribute not only to the literature on online marketing and e-commerce, but may also be useful to inform marketing managers on how and when they should address their customers in a more (or less) close way. in order to get better responses in terms of purchase intention, brand page usage and e-WOM. In particular, the results indicate possible best responses in terms of purchase intention, brand page usage intention and e-WOM, by increasing the level of brand intimacy if it is more related to hedonic products/services with low level of situational involvement and risk, or decreasing the level of intimacy for products/services with high levels of situational involvement and risk.

Esta tese explora um aspecto social específico da interação entre consumidores e marcas em mídias sociais, que é o nível de intimidade da marca. Este fator é entendido como o grau em que a marca interage como um ator social psicologicamente próximo aos seus consumidores, sendo operacionalizado na forma de um construto latente formado pela autorrevelação, pela expressividade de emoções, pela transmissão de sentimentos positivos e de calor humano e pela informalidade. Embora as mídias sociais já tenham se tornado um componente importante para as estratégias de relacionamento das empresas com seus clientes, ainda há uma falta de construtos específicos de relacionamento social na maior parte dos modelos tradicionalmente empregados em branding e comércio eletrônico. Assim, o objetivo geral desta tese foi o de entender como este nível de intimidade da marca influencia o comportamento dos consumidores nas mídias sociais e quando pode ser mais vantajoso para as marcas buscarem maior ou menor intimidade, dependendo do contexto de consumo em que atuam. Mais especificamente, o efeito da intimidade da marca foi analisado em duas variações de contextos de consumo: no caso de serviços de objetivo hedônico ou utilitário; e no caso de serviços de alto ou baixo envolvimento situacional. Quatro estudos experimentais foram usados, apresentando reproduções de páginas de marca no Facebook para participantes selecionados através do Amazon MTurk. Através do Estudo 1, foram oferecidas evidências de suporte ao efeito positivo da intimidade da marca nas respostas dos consumidores – intenção de compra, intenção de uso da página de marca, aceitação e fornecimento de boca a boca online – em função do aumento do valor hedônico da experiência dos consumidores na mídia social. Os resultados do Estudo 1 também ofereceram suporte à hipótese de moderação deste efeito positivo da intimidade da marca pelo tipo de consumo buscado pelos consumidores. A intimidade da marca teve um efeito maior quando os consumidores buscavam um objetivo hedônico do que um objetivo utilitário. O Estudo 2 foi projetado para testar o efeito moderador da valência geral das postagens sobre a marca na mídia social. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que, com o maior número de opiniões negativas sobre a marca na mídia social, o efeito positivo da intimidade da marca deixa de se manifestar em todas as variáveis dependentes. O Estudo 3 analisou a possibilidade de que a intimidade da marca pudesse tornar as respostas dos consumidores menos favoráveis à marca, no caso do aumento do risco percebido. Confirmando esta hipótese, o risco percebido foi verificado como um mediador do efeito negativo da intimidade da marca e o nível de envolvimento situacional como um moderador desta relação. Por fim, o Estudo 4 foi projetado para verificar a possibilidade de influência da valência geral das postagens sobre a marca no efeito da intimidade da marca nas variáveis dependentes. Porém, os resultados deste estudo não indicaram nenhuma interação entre a intimidade da marca e a valência geral das postagens, mas apenas um efeito direto da valência geral das postagens na intenção de compra e de boca a boca. De uma forma geral, os resultados desta tese podem contribuir não apenas para a literatura sobre marketing e comércio eletrônico, mas também podem ser úteis para informar os gerentes de marketing sobre como e quando eles deveriam abordar seus clientes de uma forma mais (ou menos) próxima. Em especial, os resultados indicam ser possível obter melhores respostas em termos de intenção de compra, uso da página de marca e boca a boca online, aumentando o nível de intimidade de marca se esta está mais relacionada a produtos/serviços mais hedônicos e de baixo envolvimento situacional, mas diminuindo o nível de intimidade se o produto/serviço está associado a um alto risco e a um elevado envolvimento situacional. / This thesis explores a specific aspect of social interaction between consumers and brands on social media, which is the level of brand intimacy. This factor is defined as the degree to which the brand interacts as a psychologically close social actor to its consumers, and it is operated as a latent construct composed of self-disclosure, emotion expressivity, transmission of positive feelings, human warmth and informality. Although social media have already become an important component in the relationship strategies of companies with their customers, there is still a lack of specific constructs of social relationship in most models traditionally used in online branding and ecommerce. Thus, the general purpose of this thesis was to understand how this level of brand intimacy influences consumer behavior on social media and when it may be more advantageous for brands to seek greater or lesser intimacy, depending on the consumption context in which they operate. More specifically, the effect of brand intimacy was examined under two variations of consumption contexts: in the case of hedonic or utilitarian services; and in the case of services of high or low situational involvement. Four experimental studies were applied to participants selected through Amazon MTurk, with reproductions of Facebook brand pages. The first study provided evidence supporting the positive effect of brand intimacy in consumer responses (purchase intention, intention to use brand page, acceptance and delivery of e-WOM) – due to the increased hedonic value the experience of consumers on social media. The results of Study 1 also offered support to the hypothesis that this positive effect of intimacy brand is moderated by the consumers’ goal type. Brand intimacy had a greater effect when consumers had a hedonic goal than when they had a utilitarian goal. Study 2 was designed to test the moderating effect of the overall valence of posts about the brand on social media. The results confirmed this effect and showed that the positive effect of brand intimacy in all dependent variables ceased to exist due to the number of negative opinions on the brand page. The third study analyzed the possibility that the level of brand intimacy could make consumers’ responses less favorable to the brand in the case of increased perceived risk. Confirming this hypothesis, the perceived risk was observed as a mediator of this negative effect of brand intimacy. Additionally, the study verified that the level of situational involvement was a moderator of this relationship. Finally, the fourth study was designed to test the possibility that the overall valence of the posts about the brand could moderate the effect of brand intimacy on the dependent variables. However, the results of this study indicated no interaction between brand intimacy and the overall valence of the posts, but only a direct effect of the overall valence of posts on purchase intention and e-WOM. In a general way, the results of this thesis can contribute not only to the literature on online marketing and e-commerce, but may also be useful to inform marketing managers on how and when they should address their customers in a more (or less) close way. in order to get better responses in terms of purchase intention, brand page usage and e-WOM. In particular, the results indicate possible best responses in terms of purchase intention, brand page usage intention and e-WOM, by increasing the level of brand intimacy if it is more related to hedonic products/services with low level of situational involvement and risk, or decreasing the level of intimacy for products/services with high levels of situational involvement and risk.

La relation marque‐consommateur telle qu’identifiée et formalisée par Fournier (1988) apparaît comme une problématique centrale du management de la marque tant d’un point de vue académique que pour les entreprises. Si la littérature s’est intéressée au phénomène relationnel, à ses antécédents mais aussi à ses conséquences en termes de gestion de marque, le mécanisme dynamique de la relation reste absent des recherches et travaux. Ce mécanisme, avec en particulier la structure de la relation et le sens de la relation, constitue pourtant un élément essentiel à l’opérationnalisation de la relation. Notre recherche vise donc à comprendre la construction du processus relationnel entre une marque et un consommateur en s’appuyant sur la métaphore narrative de la marque, et plus spécifiquement sur le modèle dramatique. Sur le plan méthodologique, une démarche compréhensive reposant sur une approche exploratoire est retenue avec un travail empirique mené en trois volets : une série de dix entretiens en profondeur, quatre réunions de consommateurs, une analyse statistique explicative. Il apparaît ainsi, (A) que la relation marque‐consommateur tient d’un dispositif scénique, d’un jeu, où la marque est le personnage et le consommateur, le spectateur (B) que la mise en relation peut se concevoir selon le modèle de la double énonciation dramatique impliquant un double statut de la marque (objet du spectacle, sujet du message) et un double statut du consommateur (consommateur‐ acheteur‐ consommateur‐ individu) (C) que la marque peut s’apparenter à un personnage (et non une personne) de théâtre qui doit articuler son être et son faire pour assurer sa légitimité et sa puissance identificatoire et que la relation peut s’établir selon une typologie en quatre figures relationnelles fondamentales (le maître, le mentor, l’alter‐ego, l’acolyte). Ainsi, notre recherche permet d’ouvrir la réflexion, en dehors de la métaphore anthropomorphique, et de proposer une structure narrative spécifique au développement de la marque relationnelle. / The brand‐consumer relations as identified and formalized by Fournier (1988) appear a central brand management problematic, from an academic point of view as much as for companies. The literature has mostly devoted attention at the phenomenon, its antecedents and consequences in terms of brand management implications. However the mechanics of the relation itself remains unexplored. This mechanics, and especially the structure of the relation and the meaning of the relation, constitutes a major issue in operationalizing the relation. This particularly research aims at exploring the dynamic mechanism at stake, using the brand as a narrative metaphor and more specifically the theatre narrative model. In methodological terms, a comprehensive and exploratory approach is used, with a three‐phase empirical work conducted: a 10 long interviews initial study, a second part consisting in three 3‐hour focus groups of 8 to 9 respondents and a final descriptive and explanatory statistical analysis. The results of the research help us to understand the relation and its execution. (A) The brand‐consumer relation belongs to a shared set‐piece, a play, where the brand is the character and the consumer the spectator (B) To create a relation, the brand must convey a twofold message at the same time (object of the performance and subject of the message) recognizing the double status of the consumer (a buyer, an individual). This refers back to the process of drama‐writing designated by the linguistic term “double enunciation” (C) The brand can be considered as a theatrical character (not a person) that has to express its doing as well as its being in order to support its legitimacy and ensure its projective and identifying power. Based on this character metaphor, four prototypical figures (the master, the mentor, the alter‐ego the acolyte) can be considered within a relational context. Thus, our research sheds new light on the brand‐consumer relation, steering clear of temptations too anthropomorphic, and allows us to consider a specific narrative structure to implement relational brands.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore video brand storytelling’s affect on the antecedents of brand perceptions. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study has a qualitative and an exploratory nature. The data collection method is in-depth semi-structured interviews. The authors conducted a pre-study in order to gain more knowledge about the topic , and enhance the operationalization for the main data collection method. Findings: The study concludes that video brand storytelling and its elements affect all the brand perceptions’ antecedents. Video brand storytelling is proved to be a powerful tool in content marketing since it can positively affect, even when consumers' perceptions towards the story are negative. A new antecedent of brand perceptions is proposed. Furthermore, a new element of video brand storytelling is also created. This study goes even deeper by connecting each of the elements of brand storytelling to the brand perceptions’ antecedents. Managerial and Theoretical contribution: This paper can be of great value to marketers and practitioners, since they will get suggestions about video brand storytelling’s use, in order to affect consumers as intended. The theoretical contributions of this study are also of great value since videos, brand storytelling and brand perceptions were never researched in the same context. New concepts and a new model are created, which can be a basis for future research. Quality: To add quality and validity to this study the authors include detailed processes through all the paper and provide thick descriptions and explanations.

Desde la creación de la sociedad, vivir en un constante comparativo de belleza y perfección entre los habitantes se normalizó de tal forma que se heredó a todas las generaciones posteriores hasta el día de hoy, convirtiendo la belleza en un constructo social (Yaa Oduro, 2016). Quienes tendían a sobresalir o ganar eran comúnmente quienes lograban ser superiores al resto en liderazgo económico, influencia social y belleza física. Esto los llevo a una necesidad muy fuerte por la búsqueda de la perfección y empoderamiento social. Esto ha repercutido de forma no solo simbólica sino tangible en las creencias sociales y acciones ejecutadas por los jóvenes de la sociedad de hoy, llevándolos a enfocar sus recursos, herramientas y fuerza en la búsqueda, al parecer, interminable hacia el logro social y la belleza perfecta (Ma, Fang, Zhang y Nie, 2017). Frente a dicho fenómeno, ya normalizado, los stakeholders alrededor de este sistema social han optado por responder de manera efectiva e inmediata a esta necesidad creada. Se han insertado modelos a seguir para poder alcanzar esa perfección tan deseada. Las nuevas celebridades, los influenciadores han tomado ese rol de guías hacia la perfección y éxito social que tantos parecen buscar. Pero es necesario verlo más allá de un tema psicosocial, verlo desde el punto de vista del negocio. Las marcas encuentran en estos personajes el aliado perfecto para aumentar no solo sus ventas, sino ver reflejada su personalidad de marca, a través de una comunicación efectiva generando una relación real y tangible entre la marca y el usuario (Saggers y Morris, 2018). / Since the creation of the society, living in a constant comparative of beauty and perfection among the inhabitants has been normalized in such a way that it was inherited to all subsequent generations until today, turning beauty into a social construct (Yaa Oduro, 2016). Those who tended to excel or win were commonly those who managed to be superior to the rest in economic leadership, social influence, and physical beauty. This led them to a very strong need for the search for perfection and social empowerment.This has reverberated not only symbolically but tangibly in the social beliefs and actions carried out by young people in today's society, leading them to focus their resources, tools and strength in the search, apparently, endless towards social achievement and beauty. perfect (Ma, Fang, Zhang and Nie, 2017). Faced with this phenomenon, already normalized, the stakeholders around this social system have chosen to respond effectively and immediately to this created need. Models have been inserted to follow in order to achieve that desired perfection. New celebrities, influencers have taken that role of guides to perfection and social success that so many seem to seek. But it is necessary to see it beyond a psychosocial issue, to see it from the business point of view. Brands find in these characters the perfect ally to increase not only their sales, but also to see their brand personality reflected, through effective communication generating a real and tangible relationship between the brand and the user (Saggers and Morris, 2018). / Trabajo de investigación

O objetivo deste estudo é identificar os efeitos de diferenças individuais dos consumidores sobre a experiência de marca e a qualidade do relacionamento com a marca para produtos de consumo público (roupas) e privado (eletrodomésticos de linha branca). Para alcançar esse objetivo, foi concebido um modelo teórico para ser testado empiricamente. A partir de uma revisão de literatura acerca de experiência de marca e qualidade do relacionamento com a marca, percebeu-se o potencial do emprego de experiências de marca para construir relacionamentos com marca. Observou-se também que as variáveis de diferenças individuais têm sido negligenciadas em pesquisas sobre relacionamentos com a marca. Além disso, há divergências de resultados de pesquisas envolvendo distintas categorias de produto. Tais constatações possibilitaram a elaboração de um conjunto de hipóteses, as quais permitiram observar as relações entre constructos que definem as características individuais dos consumidores, a experiência de marca e a qualidade do relacionamento com a marca. Assim, foi realizada uma pesquisa empírica utilizando um questionário auto administrado. Neste levantamento de campo, foram entrevistados 660 consumidores a partir de uma amostragem não probabilística. As técnicas de análise incluem análise fatorial exploratória e modelagem de equações estruturais PLS. A análise exploratória demonstrou que os constructos experiência de marca e qualidade do relacionamento com a marca apresentam inconsistências em sua operacionalização. Os resultados indicam também que há um efeito significativo da experiência de marca sobre a qualidade do relacionamento com a marca. O engajamento da marca no autoconceito mostrou ser um importante preditor da experiência de marca e da qualidade do relacionamento com a marca. O envolvimento com a categoria de produto apresentou um efeito significativo sobre a experiência de marca. Curiosamente, o envolvimento com a categoria produziu um efeito significativo sobre a qualidade do relacionamento com a marca somente na categoria roupas. A propensão ao relacionamento apresentou um efeito significativo sobre a qualidade do relacionamento com a marca somente na categoria roupas. O envolvimento com a categoria de produto não apresentou efeitos de moderação significativos na relação entre a experiência de marca e a qualidade do relacionamento com a marca em ambas categorias. A propensão ao relacionamento produziu efeitos de moderação significativos na relação entre a experiência de marca e a qualidade do relacionamento com a marca em ambas categorias. O valor dessa pesquisa está em: a) evidenciar a experiência de marca como um antecedente da qualidade do relacionamento com a marca; b) Chamar atenção para a necessidade de discussão acerca da operacionalização dos constructos experiência de marca e qualidade do relacionamento com a marca; c) Discutir o papel das variáveis de diferenças individuais como antecedentes ou moderadoras da experiência de marca e da qualidade do relacionamento com a marca; d) Discutir a natureza dos relacionamentos com marca no contexto de produtos de consumo público e privado, apresentando similaridades e dissimilaridades e; por fim, explicitar, por meio de um modelo de gestão de marcas, como as experiências de marca podem ser um importante mecanismo para a construção de relacionamentos com a marca / The objective of the present study is to identify the effects of the individual differences of the consumers over brand experience and consumer-brand relationship quality to products of public (clothing) and private (household appliances) consumption. To achieve the objective, a theoretical model was conceived to be empirically tested. From a literature\'s revision regarding the brand experience and consumer-brand relationship quality the potential employment of brand experience to build brand relationships was perceived. Was also observed that the variables of individual differences have been neglected in the researches about brand relationships. Furthermore, there are divergences in the researches\' results involving distinct products\' categories. Such findings enabled the elaboration of a group of hypothesis, which enabled to observe the constructs\' relations that define individual characteristic of the consumers, brand experience and consumer-brand relationship quality. Thereby, an empirical research was realized utilizing a self-administered questionnaire. In this field survey, 660 consumers were interviewed from a non-probabilistic sample. The analysis techniques includes exploratory factorial analysis and structural equation modeling PLS. An exploratory analysis demonstrated that the constructs brand experience and consumer-brand relationship quality outlines inconsistence on its operationalization. The results also indicate that there is a significant brand experience effect. Brand engagement in self-concept presented to be an important predictor of brand experience and consumer-brand relationship quality. Curiously, category involvement produced a significant effect over the consumer-brand relationship quality solely in the clothing category. Relationship proneness presented a significant effect over the consumer-brand relationship quality solely in the clothing category. Involvement with the products\' category did not present significant moderation effects in the relationship between brand experience and the consumer-brand relationship quality in both categories. Relationship proneness produced significant moderation effects in the relation between brand experience and consumer-brand relationship quality in both categories. The value of the present research is to evidence brand experience as consumer-brand relationship quality antecedent. Draws attention to the necessity of discussion regarding the operationalization of the constructs, brand experience and consumer-brand relationship quality. Inserts variables of individual differences as antecedents and brand experience and consumer-brand relationship quality moderators. Discusses the nature of the brand relationships in the context of public and private consumption products, presenting similarities and dissimilarities. The study evidences, through a brand management model, how brand experiences can be an important mechanism to build brand relationships

Die vorliegende Dissertation behandelt in fünf wissenschaftlichen Artikeln Grundfragen aus dem Themenfeld der Konsumenten-Marken Beziehung. Artikel 1 befasst sich mit der Fragestellung, was Konsumenten dazu führt, eine Marke in Betracht zu ziehen. Artikel 2 untersucht den Zusammenhang von Kundenzufriedenheit und Loyalität. Artikel 3 analysiert Konsumentenreaktionen auf Beziehungsverstöße und die Rolle von Beziehungsnormen. Artikel 4 untersucht den Einfluss negativer Informationen auf die Stärke der Markeneinstellung von Konsumenten. Im abschließenden 5. Artikel werden schließlich Kommunikationsstrategien für den Fall negativer Markenvorfälle entwickelt. / This dissertation consists of five articles concerned with different aspects of consumer-brand relationships. Article 1 looks at what makes consumers consider a brand in the first place, the precondition for a brand to establish a relationship with a consumer. Article 2 deals with sustaining consumer-relationships and the role of satisfaction in retaining customers. Article 3 looks at whether consumers stay with the brand in the case of a relationship problem, actively work to sustain the relationship or silently let it deteriorate. It shows that relationship norms constitute an important factor in how consumers react to such negative incidents in a relationship. Article 4 investigates the effect of negative brand information on consumers’ attitudes and article 5 develops communication strategies for companies to employ when negative brand incidents occur.

Ce travail doctoral est une contribution à la compréhension des effets des labels lorsqu’ils sont associés aux marques. Il s’intéresse plus particulièrement aux effets des labels sur la qualité perçue par le consommateur, les relations à la marque et le consentement à payer. La définition de la qualité et la désignation des instances en charge de sa normalisation sont des problématiques historiques dont on retrouve les traces tant dans les principes du droit romain que chez les théologiens médiévistes et, plus récemment, au cœur de la distinction théorique entre les biens ou les attributs de recherche, d’expérience et de croyance. La thèse aspire à dépasser la dyade marque-acheteur. Elle considère que la qualité ne peut être garantie par le seul offreur dans certaines circonstances. Nous inscrivons notre modélisation dans le cadre des enseignements des recherches sur le capital-marque et nous appuyons sur la théorie économique du signal. Les labels, en tant qu’émanation de l’action d’un tiers de confiance permettent de réduire l’asymétrie informationnelle facteur essentiel de la difficulté à estimer la qualité. Le design de notre expérience repose sur un plan factoriel complet de type 4 × 4 (quatre marques, sans label et trois types de label) en inter-sujets. Au total, 1005 acheteurs de marques d’un produit agroalimentaire de grande consommation ont été interrogés sur internet et en face-à-face. Les qualités psychométriques des instruments de mesure sont vérifiées, les interactions entre marque et label sont étudiées par les chemins de causalité et la mesure du consentement à payer est formalisée par une zone d’acceptabilité du prix. Un effet direct du label sur les variables dépendantes est constaté mais lorsque la marque est prise en compte cet effet disparait, mettant ainsi en évidence une médiation totale par la marque. Des effets indirects de médiation en chaîne sont également mesurés, différents d’un label à l’autre et selon la marque à laquelle ils sont associés. Nos résultats conduisent à donner avec prudence de l’importance aux stratégies d’association d’une marque et d’un label. / This doctoral work is a contribution to understand the effects of third-party seals when they are associated with brands. It focuses more precisely on their effects on the perceived quality, the relationship to brand and the willingness to pay. The determination of the quality and the designation of who is revealing it are historical issues which the foundations can be found in the principles of the Roman law, among the theologians medievalists and more recently in the heart of the theoretical distinction between research, experience and credence goods or characteristics. This thesis led to exceed the brand-buyer dyad and consider that the quality cannot be guaranteed by the single buyer, under certain circumstances. We took anchor on the signal theory with reference to research on brand equity. The third-party seals, as a consequence of the action of a trusted third party, can reduce information asymmetries linked to the difficulty to estimate the quality. Our experience is based on a 4 × 4 between-subjects full factorial design (four brands, without label and three types of third-party seals). A sample of 1005 buyers of a fast-moving consumer good was asked on the internet and face-to-face. The psychometric qualities of the measuring instruments are verified, brand-label interactions are studied by the path analysis and the extent of the willingness to pay is formalized by a zone of price acceptability. A direct effect of third-party seals on dependent variable is measured, but when the brand is taken into account this effect disappears, highlighting a total mediation by the brand. Indirect effects of serial multiple mediation are also underlined; the results differ from one third-party seal to another and depending on the brand to which they are associated. Our results lead to give with caution the importance to the association of a brand with a third-party seal.