Orientadora: Ana Maria Domingues de Oliveira / Banca: Marlise Vaz Bridi / Banca: Cleide Antonia Rapucci / Resumo: A literatura produzida por mulheres ganha gradativamente mais espaço na história literária. O número de escritoras, representações femininas e até mesmo de críticas e historiadoras literárias continua crescendo, garantindo um lugar cada vez mais sólido para a mulher no meio literário. Dentre as escritoras que já ocupam um lugar consagrado no cânone literário encontra-se Cecília Meireles. Para alguns escritores, a poetisa ocupa um lugar neutro em sua poesia no que diz respeito à questão de gênero. De acordo com essa visão, Cecília privilegiaria assuntos considerados universais em detrimento da temática relacionada à experiência de ser mulher. Isso se explicaria pelo fato de a escritora colocar em evidência em seus poemas assuntos como a transcendência do ser, além de tratar em vários momentos da brevidade da vida e dos vários aspectos da morte, para citar alguns exemplos. Entretanto, estudos recentes indicam que a presença feminina na obra ceciliana é mais evidente do que se supunha. A proposta deste estudo é selecionar poemas em que a presença feminina seja significativa e buscar compreender e analisar como a representação feminina acontece. Para tal, pretendemos nos apoiar na crítica feminista e, mais especificamente, na metodologia indicada por Elaine Showalter. Além disso, pretende-se observar as figurações do feminino enquanto construções sociais. Nosso objetivo final é contribuir para o enriquecimento das possibilidades de leitura da obra de Cecília Meireles, oferecendo mais uma perspectiva analítica dos poemas cecilianos / Abstract: The literature produced by women is increasingly winning its space in the history of literature. The number of writers, female representations and even critics and literary historians continue to grow, ensuring women ever more a solid ground in the literary world. Among the writers who already hold a renowned place in the literary canon lies Cecília Meireles. For some writers, the poetess occupies a neutral place in her poetry regarding to gender. According to this view, Cecília would favor some issues considered universal rather than topics related to the experience of being a woman. This could be explained by the fact that the writer highlights in her poems topics such as the transcendence of being, the brevity of life and in addition to that the various aspects of death, to show some examples. However, recent studies indicate that the presence of women in her writing is more evident than previously thought. The purpose of this study is to select poems in which the female presence is significant and thus seek to understand and analyze how women's representation happens. To accomplish that, we intend to support the feminist criticism and more specifically the methodology suggested by Elaine Showalter. In addition, we also intend to observe the women figurations as social constructions. Our final goal is to contribute to the reading possibilities enrichment of Cecília Meireles' work, offering a more analytical perspective of her poems / Mestre

Orientador: Sílvia Maria Azevedo / Banca: Cilaine Alves Cunha / Banca: Daniela Mantarro Calippo / Resumo: O trabalho da juventude de Machado de Assis nos periódicos cariocas do século XIX foi, por muito tempo, relegado a catalogações despretensiosas. Felizmente, o número de pesquisadores interessados na obra machadiana existente nos jornais tem crescido nos últimos anos, fato que contribui para a constatação de que o trabalho literário já se fazia presente na vida do escritor de Memórias póstumas de Brás Cubas desde seus primeiros passos na vida jornalística de seu tempo. Exemplo dessa literariedade juvenil são as crônicas que Machado de Assis escreveu, aos vinte e três anos de idade, para o periódico O Futuro (1862-1863), do português imigrado Faustino Xavier de Novaes. Apesar de inserido num momento cultural em que as relações luso-brasileiras se mostravam bastante arrefecidas e que os olhares estavam direcionados no modo de vida francês, o jornal revelava uma clara intenção de manter laços de união entre Brasil e Portugal. Diante dessa diretriz editorial d'O Futuro, que procurava ignorar o poderio francês estabelecido em todos os setores da sociedade oitocentista, o jovem jornalista Machado de Assis, comprometido com o perfil do periódico, torna-se um dos colaboradores mais assíduos, escrevendo poesias, contos e, principalmente, crônicas. Assumindo a seção da crônica em dezesseis dos vinte números em que o periódico circulou, Machado legou à posteridade textos que corroboram para o estudo de sua evolução literária. A crônica é apresentada nas páginas d'O Futuro assumindo a feição que... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Machado de Assis' youth's work on Rio de Janeiro's journals was, for long, relegated to unpretentious cataloging. Fortunately, the number of interested researchers in Machado's work in journals has been increasing in the past few years, what contributes to the finding that the litarary work was already present in Memorias Póstumas de Brás Cubas' writer's life since his first steps in the journalistic life of his time. An example of his juvenile literariness are the chronicles that Machado de Assis wrote, aged 23, to the journal O Futuro, from the portughese Faustino Xavier de Novaes. Although inserted in a cultural moment when Portugal-Brazil relations were very quenched and all the books were directed to the French lifestyle, the journal revealed a clear intention to remain union bindings between Brazil and Portugal. From this editorial guideline from O Futuro, which seeked to ignore the French power stabilished in every sector from the '800 society, the young journalist Machado de Assis, engaged with the journal's profile, became one of the most constant colaborator, writing poetry, stories and, mostly, chronicles. Managing the chronicle's sector in 16 from the 20 years in which the journal went on, Machado de Assis gave to the posterity texts that confirm the studies of his literary evolution. The chronicle is present in O Futuro's pages with the features from the 19th century, that is, like a conversation between friends, bearing subjects from the daily life. However, in theses apparently unpretentious texts, is already... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Ana Maria Carlos / Banca: Wellington Ricardo Fioruci / Banca: Álvaro Santos Simões Junior / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o primeiro livro do escritor-jornalista Rubem Braga (1913-1990), O conde e o passarinho, coletânea de crônicas publicadas em 1936. No decorrer da vida, o escritor capixaba ficou marcado por escrever para jornais quase que exclusivamente textos de crônicas, muitas delas publicadas, posteriormente, em coletâneas ao longo dos anos, inclusive após a sua morte. Nosso estudo buscou respaldo tanto nas teorias literárias a respeito do gênero crônica, sobre suas características, história e processo de "adaptação" no Brasil, como na fortuna crítica do cronista. A análise crítico-interpretativa do corpus procurou evidenciar as estratégias textuais empregadas pelo autor e o diálogo que, muitas vezes, se estabelecia entre os textos da obra. Desse modo, partindo dessas categorias analíticas, tentamos ressaltar as questões mais significativas do objeto artístico estudado, sobretudo a recorrência de alguns temas em seus textos, como a defesa aos menos favorecidos, a descrição da mulher brasileira e seus comentários sobre leis e notícias da época. Também buscamos abordar e analisar as personagens presentes na antologia, bem como destacar as referências culturais utilizadas pelo autor, sejam elas literárias, musicais ou cinematográficas e, por fim, apontar o recurso frequente à metalinguagem na construção de parte das crônicas. A partir desse recorte, nossa análise buscou compreender os aspectos sociais, econômicos e políticos da década de 1930, sobretudo porque a crônica, gênero híbrido, caracteriza-se por transitar entre as esferas do jornalismo e da literatura e também entre o particular, o tempo vivido pelo cronista, e o universal, que permite ao cronista explorar a essência humana / Abstract: This study aims to analyze the first book of the writer-journalist Rubem Braga (1913- 1990), O conde e o passarinho, a collection of chronicles published in 1936. Throughout life, the writer from Espirito Santo State was marked by writing for newspapers almost exclusively chronicles, many of them published later in collections over the years, even after his death. Our study sought support both the literary theories about the chronic gender, on its characteristics, history and process of "adaptation" in Brazil, as in the critical fortune of the chronicler. The critical interpretive analysis of the corpus sought to highlight the textual strategies employed by the author and the dialogue that often was established between the texts of the work. Thus, from these analytical categories, we have tried to highlight the most significant issues of the artistic object studied, especially the recurrence of certain themes in his writings, as the defense of the underprivileged, the description of Brazilian women and his comments on laws and news of the that time. We also tried to address and analyze the characters present in the anthology as well as to highlight the cultural references used by the author, whether literary, musical or cinematographic ones and, finally, to point out the frequent recourse to metalanguage in building part of the chronicles. From this side view, our analysis sought to understand the social, economic and political aspects of the 1930s, mainly because chronic, a hybrid genre, is characterized by transitions between the spheres of journalism and literature and also between the private, the time experienced by the chronicler, and the universal, which allows the chronicler to explore the human essence / Mestre

Orientador: Antonio Manoel dos Santos Silva / Banca: Sergio Vicente Motta / Banca: Maria Celeste Tommasello Ramos / Banca: Ravel Giordano Paz / Banca: Altamir Botoso / Resumo: Gênero literário associado aos jornais de circulação nacional, sediados nas capitais brasileiras, a crônica se faz presente também nas publicações do interior do Brasil desde meados do século 20, inclusive em São José do Rio Preto, distante 414 quilômetros da capital paulista. Dinorath do Valle (10/07/1926 - 01/05/2004) construiu sua carreira literária na cidade por quase 60 anos e, apesar de longe de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro, principal eixo da cultura nacional, foi premiada em 14 concursos internacionais e nacionais de literatura, além de publicar livros de contos e romances. Mesmo assim, Dinorath do Valle é mais uma escritora brasileira cujas obras ficaram recônditas a uma região, neste caso o Noroeste paulista, onde exerceu intensa atividade na imprensa local, jornais e rádio. A partir da hipótese de que o exercício da crônica foi determinante para seu amadurecimento como escritora, conduzindo-a, ainda que instintivamente, para outras formas textuais, principalmente o conto, gênero literário com o qual se consagrou, pretende-se que o presente estudo crítico possibilite evidenciar a qualidade de sua obra e contribuir para seu reconhecimento, não apenas como cronista, mas também como ficcionista de destaque no panorama literário brasileiro, enfocando seu primeiro livro de contos O vestido Amarelo. Propõe-se lançar uma luz sobre esta autora cuja obra encontra-se esgotada, em risco de esquecimento, e por ser ainda pouco contemplada pelas pesquisas acadêmicas. Para tanto,... / Abstract: Literary genre associated to national newspapers, situated in Brazilian capitals, the chronicle was also present in countryside publications since the 20th century, inclusively in São José do Rio Preto, 414 kilometers from São Paulo. Professor Dinorath do Valle (10/07/1926 - 01/05/2004) built her literary career in this city for almost 60 years and, even far from São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro - reference axis for national culture - she was awarded in 14 national and international literary contests, besides publishing novels and narratives. Nevertheless, Dinorath do Valle is a Brazilian writer whose works were hidden to a region, the northwest paulista, where she performed intense activity on the local press, newspapers and radio. Assuming that the chronicle exercise was determining to her maturity as a writer, leading her, even though instinctively, to other textual forms, mainly the narrative, literary genre which is consecrated for, the purpose of the present critical study is to emphasize the quality of her work, not only as a chronicler, but also as a significant fictionist in the Brazilian literary picture, focusing his first book of short stories, O vestido amarelo. This work intends to shed light on this author's career whose work is threatened, as it is not part of the canon and it is not contemplated on academic research. For this purpose, exploratory, bibliographic and analytical methods were used in order to perceive not only her path and work, and confirm the ... / Doutor

[pt] Em maio de 1997, realizou-se, em Belo Horizonte (MG), de acordo com o cronograma definido na cúpula presidencial de Miami, nova reunião dos ministros encarregados do comércio exterior no quadro dos entendimentos preliminares relativos à eventual constituição de uma Área de Livre Comércio das Américas (ALCA). Nesta reunião, tornaram-se flagrantes as posições negociadoras diametralmente opostas apresentadas pelos negociadores dos Estados Unidos e do Brasil. Além disso, Belo Horizonte foi palco de manifestações de representantes de setores econômicos e sociais que discordavam dos rumos com que vinham se delineando as negociações hemisféricas. A partir deste episódio, o presente trabalho busca analisar a atuação e posicionamento dos grupos de interesse e eleitorado domésticos brasileiros e sua interação com os operadores diplomáticos, buscando influenciar o processo decisório, durante as negociações entre os governos do continente. Para tanto, são utilizados os rendimentos analíticos da metáfora dos jogos em dois níveis, proposta por Robert Putnam, avaliando-se os argumentos brasileiros com relação a três aspectos: credibilidade, legitimidade e poder de barganha da posição negociadora brasileira. O argumento central apresentado é o de que a estratégia negociadora brasileira para a ALCA, apesar de elevado grau de credibilidade, carece de legitimidade interna, o pode afetar, em grande medida, seu poder de barganha na mesa de negociações internacionais. / [en] In May 1997, according to the schedule agreed at the Summit of Miami, another meeting of foreign commerce ministers was held in Belo Horizonte. It aimed at continuing the preliminary understandings regarding the possible formation of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA). During the meeting the opposite position sustained by North-American and Brazilian dealers became evident. Belo Horizonte served as stage for demonstrations by economic and social segment representatives who disagreed about the course negotiations were taking. The present study aims at analysing the action and positions of Brazilian domestic constituencies and their interaction with diplomatic corps, with a view to influencing the decision making process during the negotiations among Continent governments. Therefore, insights derived from two-levelgames metaphor, proposed by Professor Robert Putnam, are used to evaluate three aspects of Brazilian arguments: credibility, legitimacy and bargaining power of the Brazilian negotiating view. The central argument presented is that the Brazilian strategy for the FTAA, despite of a high level credibility, lacks domestic legitimacy which may seriously affect its bargaining power at international negotiations.

This study analyzes the distribution system of fresh fruits and vegetables used by Brazilian population in Massachusetts, which is estimated to be over 250,000. Maxixe (Cucumis anguria) and abóbora híbrida (Cucurbita spp.), vegetable crops popular among Brazilians were used as test crops to better understand the distribution system and to assess the most efficient way for local farmers to enter into the marketplace with their fresh produce. In person interviews with Brazilian consumers, and test marketing were used in this research to evaluate sales potential and pricing levels for abóbora híbrida produced in Massachusetts. The squash was sold at four locations during two weeks at specific pricing levels and results showed good sales potential for this crop. Yields and production practices were evaluated at the UMass Research Farm to test productivity and adaptability of this squash in local climate conditions. Results of this pilot study also underscored the importance of local farmers understanding the role of cultural characteristics of the Brazilian community in the United States, especially with regard to language and media, in order to fully capitalize on this market.

Mangrove ecosystems are among the world's most endangered biomes; nearly one-half of the overall coverage is threatened by human activity, invasive species, and global climate change. Mangroves play an important ecosystem role through detrital production and by providing: fisheries and wildlife nursery habitat, shoreline protection, a sink for nutrients, carbon, and sediment. In addition to human activity, the Florida mangroves (Avicennia germinans, Laguncularia racemosa, and Rhizophora mangle) are being threatened by the invasive Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius). This study was performed along a 261 km stretch of the east coast of Florida from Sebastian Inlet to the northern extent of mangroves, near St. Augustine. It entailed two parts. The first examined the phenology and leafing rates of the four species and attempted to find if there was a relationship between growth and latitude or temperature. Although a correlation between peaks in temperature and phenology was observed for all species, no leafing pattern could be discerned. In terms of mangrove growth for branch diameter, a logarithmic model (y=a + b·log [Initial diameter]) best fitted the data for R. mangle and L. racemosa but neither latitude nor temperature appeared to be important. However, S. terebinthifolius' and A. germinans's branch diameter growth were best represented by a logarithmic model (y=a + b·log [Initial diameter] + c·log x2) that incorporated temperature and latitudinal respectively. In the second part, a simulation model was developed to focus on understanding the relationships between establishment and competition among the three mangrove species and the invading S. terebinthifolius. This model was run under various invasion and/or climate change scenarios to determine possible outcomes under global climate change with or without the presence of S. terebinthifolius. Conclusions were drawn that under all scenarios of invasion, other than sea level rise as part of global climate change, S. terebinthifolius would dominate the landscape if allowed to invade and establish in areas in which it is not currently present although the amount of this response is dependent on the S. terebinthifolius response curves.

This dissertation examines the four novels published to date by Milton Hatoum, a contemporary Lebanese-Brazilian author from the Amazon region. There are a great number of critical readings of his work that foreground the postmodern dissolution and fragmentation of the self, of human relationships, and also of national identity. In contrast to such approaches, I propose what I call a reading of hope. I argue that Hatoum is at the forefront of a shift in sensibility in Brazilian literature, one that simultaneously demonstrates certain aspects of postmodernism, but also breaks with other elements of it. In order to illustrate this issue, I analyze how Hatoum's characters forge personal identities, utilizing the mythological symbol of the uroboro (the snake that bites its own tail) as the organizing structure of my analysis. The uroboro has historically been used to represent circularity in the cycles of nature, communal and personal renewal, the return to origins, and self-reflection. In addition to circularity, the symbol has also been visually depicted as half black and half white, creating a duality that stresses interdependence rather than binary logic. With the above characteristics of circularity and duality in mind, the postmodern aspect that I analyze in Hatoum's work is its break with binary logic. First, I identify a variety of dualities extant in the novels, from language and silence to myth and reality, that instead of canceling each other out complement one another and emphasize identity's inherent ambiguity. Next, I analyze the rupture with postmodernism, which comes with Hatoum's characters' perpetual search for a more meaningful relationship with others, the environment, and themselves. As a consequence, the postmodern rootless and unstable characters give way to individuals that express more humane concerns (the recovery of the past as a value, self-reflection, and the search for familial bonds as well as for a connection with beauty and aesthetic pleasure through the arts). The symbol of the uroboro thus provides a graphic means of metaphorically representing not only the characters' identity as ambiguous and self-reflective, but also Hatoum's novels as simultaneously working within and breaking with postmodernism.

Hyper-raising (HR) is a cross-clausal dependency where the DP subject of a finite complement clause surfaces as an apparent argument of the matrix verb (Alboiu and Hill, 2016; Carstens, 2011; Ferreira, 2004; Fong, 2017; Halpert, 2019; Lee and Yip, 2020; Nunes, 2008; Ura, 1994, 1995). HR is puzzling because it involves apparent DP raising from a finite complement, even though the driving mechanism of raising - the non-finiteness of the complement clause - is absent. Nonetheless, the majority of the existing literature argues that HR is, like raising, A-movement. In this thesis, I present novel data on HR from Brazilian Portuguese that contradicts these analyses. Specifically, I show that HR displays signature properties of a control dependency. Thus, I argue that HR is not an instance of A-movement, but an instance of control into a finite complement clause. I demonstrate a technical implementation of the Agree Model of Control (Landau, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2013) in the context of HR in Brazilian Portuguese that accounts for the relevant data while also providing novel predictions and extensions. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

The current study presents an investigation of the Portuguese language use among first generation Brazilian immigrants in Utah County. The research was carried out with 54 first generation immigrants. Several studies have shown that ethnic identity is related to shared cultural characteristics such as practices, beliefs, and languages (Liebkind, 2010; Pennycook, 2010; Reyes, 2010; Souza, 2016). This study explores the relationship between language and ethnic identity by analyzing the attitudes toward the Portuguese language, the contexts and factors that influence language choice, and the purposes for which the Portuguese language has been used by this selected group of immigrants. The results show that Portuguese is part of their daily life, and they teach it to their children to preserve the Brazilian culture. They mostly use the English language in contexts of work, study, religion, and socialization, but keep the Portuguese language at home, as well as to express their feelings and to keep their Brazilian ethnic identity.