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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
121

Apoptose e proliferação na placenta de búfalas / Apoptosis and proliferation in the buffalo placenta

Maria Zilah Benetone 21 December 2005 (has links)
A apoptose é um processo fisiológico que desempenha papel crucial no desenvolvimento, remodelagem e senescência teciduais, inclusive placentários. A placenta, enquanto órgão temporário, atravessa todas estas fases em aproximadamente 10 meses, na espécie bubalina. O crescimento da placenta e a nutrição fetal requerem altas taxas de renovação e diferenciação celulares, e a maturação placentária está relacionada à redução das células epiteliais das criptas carunculares maternas. As modificações morfológicas celulares decorrentes do processo de apoptose são fruto de eventos bioquímicos complexos promovidos por uma família de cisteína-proteases, as caspases, especialmente as caspases executoras, dentre as quais se destaca a caspase-3, capaz de degradar várias proteínas citoplasmáticas e nucleares. Durante a apoptose, ocorre a clivagem caspase-mediada da citoqueratina 18, proteína dos filamentos intermediários do citoesqueleto, e com isso a formação de um neoepítopo específico. Por meio de métodos imunoistoquímicos pode-se detectar a presença tanto deste neoepítopo, quanto da forma ativa da caspase-3, o que demonstra que a célula entrou em estágio irreversível de morte celular. Morfologicamente, algumas das principais alterações celulares observadas são condensação da cromatina, a degradação e fragmentação do DNA, a formação de ?blebs? (pregas/bolhas) na membrana plasmática, além da fragmentação celular em corpúsculos apoptóticos, os quais podem ser identificados em cortes corados pelo método de rotina hematoxilina e eosina, utilizando-se microscópio de imunofluorescência, devido à eosinofluorescência das células em apoptose. Assim como a apoptose, a proliferação celular participa no equilíbrio homeostático tissular. Neste estudo, pretende-se avaliar a ocorrência de apoptose e proliferação celular em 42 placentônios de diferentes animais em diversas fases gestacionais (2-10 meses de gestação), em tecidos fixados em 4% paraformoldeído, incluídos em paraplast e submetidos à imunoistoquímica (anticorpo monoclonal M30 CytoDeath; Caspase-3 Clivada; PCNA - antígeno de marcação nuclear), sendo também avaliada a presença de corpúsculos apoptóticos eosinofluorescentes nas amostras. Utilizando-se M30 e caspase-3 clivada pudemos constatar a ocorrência de apoptose nos epitélios uterino e trofoblástico, em células gigantes placentárias e, ocasionalmente, em células mesenquimais fetais, do estroma uterino e endoteliais. Não houve diferenças significativas (p<0.05) entre os métodos adotados, mas sim entre os estágios gestacionais. Para o M30, houve um aumento significante da apoptose do primeiro grupo (2-4.5 meses) em relação ao quarto grupo (9-10 meses); no caso da Caspase-3 Clivada houve um aumento estatísticamente significante (p<0.05) entre os três primeiros grupos (2-4.5; 5-6.5; e 7-8.5 meses de gestação, respectivamente) de animais em relação ao quarto grupo. Para o PCNA, ocorreu uma diminuição no número de células em proliferação dos dois primeiros grupos de animais em relação ao quarto grupo (p<0.05). A presença de corpúsculos apoptóticos eosinofluorescentes pôde ser observada em todas as amostras. Nossos resultados sugerem haver uma relação entre a ocorrência de apoptose e a maturação, senescência e liberação placentárias em ruminantes. / Apoptosis is a physiological process that plays a crucial role in the development, remodeling and aging of the placenta. The placenta is a temporary organ that undergoes growth and development, followed by senescence and death in 10 months in the buffalo species. Placental growth and fetal nutrition require high rates of cellular turnover and differentiation, and placental maturation is correlated to the reduction of the number of epithelial cells of the maternal crypts. The morphological changes of the apoptotic cells are product of complex variety of biochemical events promoted by a family of cystein-proteases, the caspases, mainly the effectors caspases, and among them the caspase-3, which is able to degrade cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins. During apoptosis, the caspase-mediated cleavage of cytokeratin 18, which is one of the first intermediate filament proteins of the cytoskeleton, leads to the formation of a specific neo-epitope. It is possible to detect the presence of this neo-epitope by immunohistochemistry, as well as the active form of caspase-3, showing that the cell has entered an irreversible stage of cell death. Morphologically, some of the main observed cellular alterations are condensation of the chromatin, degradation and spalling of the DNA, blebbing of the cell membrane and the formation of apoptotic bodies. These bodies can be identified in slides stained by hematoxilin and eosin with a fluorescent microscope, due to the eosinofluorescent property of the apoptotic cells. Like apoptosis, cellular proliferation also contributes to the tissue homeostasis. In the present study, we intend to evaluate the occurrence of apoptosis and cellular proliferation in 42 placentomes, collected from different animals in several gestacional phases (2-10 months of gestation), fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, processed for embedding in paraplast and cut in sections, through immunohistochemistry (monoclonal antibody M30 CytoDeath; Cleaved Caspase-3; PCNA - antigen of nuclear proliferation). The presence of eosinofluorescent apoptotic bodies were also studied in the samples. M30 and Cleaved Caspase-3 allowed to show the occurrence of apoptosis in the uterine and trophoblastic ephitelium, in placental giant cells and, occasionally, in the fetal mesenquimal cells, in the uterine stroma and endothelium cells. There were no significant differences (p<0.05) between the adopted methods, although there were differences between the gestational phases studied. For M30, there was an increase of the number of apoptotic cells (p<0.05) from the first group (2-4.5 months) in relation to the fourth group of animals (9-10 months); for the Cleaved Caspase-3 there was a statistical significant increase (p<0.05) between the first three groups of animals (2-4.5; 5-6.5; and 7-8.5 months of gestation, respectively) and the last one. In relation to the PCNA, a decrease in the number of proliferative cells occurred from the first two groups of animals to the fourth group (p<0.05). The occurrence of eosinofluorescent apoptotic bodies was observed in all the samples studied . Our data suggest a relationship between apoptosis and the maturation, senescence and release of the ruminant placenta.
122

Metabolismo ruminal e balanço de minerais em bubalinos com diferentes níveis de ingestão de fósforo / Rumen metabolism and the mineral balance in water buffaloes with different levels of the phosphorus intake

Nedilse Helena de Souza 26 November 2004 (has links)
Quatro bubalinos adultos com fístulas ruminais foram utilizados com o objetivo de se estudar os efeitos da ingestão de níveis de fósforo sobre as características do metabolismo ruminal e digestão das rações. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: pH; concentração de amônia; volume e taxa de passagem do líquido ruminal; quantificação de minerais no conteúdo ruminal; digestibilidade com marcador (Cr2O3) e estimativa de excreção fecal de minerais. Os animais foram delineados em Quadrado Latino (4x4), com ingestão de quatro diferentes níveis de fósforo na dieta (8, 12, 15 e 18 gramas), mantendo-se a relação volumoso:concentrado foi de 85:15 e com o uso de cana de açúcar como único volumoso. Cada sub-período compreendeu 28 dias, sendo 14 de adaptação. Não houve influencia no pH,n a concentração de amônia, no volume e na taxa de passagem do líquido ruminal; nas concentrações de minerais no conteúdo ruminal (P, Ca, Mg, Na, K, S, Fe, Cu, Zn e Mn) e nos coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca, fibra em detergente neutro, proteína bruta e energia bruta. Observou-se excreção linear de fósforo nas fezes em função ao fósforo ingerido da dieta, podendo ser estimada pela equação de regressão Y = 0,03 + 0,610 * X, onde Y é a quantidade de fósforo excretado nas fezes diariamente em g/kg0,75 e X é a quantidade de fósforo ingerido diariamente em g/kg0,75. / Four mature buffaloes fitted with rumen cannulas were used to study the effects of different levels of the phosphorus intake on the ruminal metabolism and the digestion in the diets. Ammonia concentration, pH, fluid and solid outflow rates, rumen volume; concentration of mineral in the ruminal content; digestibility and estimate of faecal output of minerals were determined. The animals were designed in Latin Square experiment (4x4) with each period of 28 d of duration. Treatments were applied four rations with different levels of P intake (8, 12, 15 e 18 grams). The proportion forage for concentrate was 85:15 with only using fresh chopped sugar cane. No differences were observed among the treatments in the rumen parameters evaluated and digestibility. Increasing in phosphorus intake resulted in simple linear regression equation Y = 0.03 + 0.610 * X, where P output daily (g (kg bodyweight)-0,75) was used as the dependent variable (Y) and P intake daily (g / kg-0,75) was used as the independent variable (X).
123

Efeito do ambiente térmico na fisiologia adaptativa de bubalinos / Effect of termal environment in the adaptive physiology of water buffaloes

Reíssa Alves Vilela 29 January 2013 (has links)
O objetivo do estudo foi a avaliação dos mecanismos termorreguladores, baseada numa abordagem temporal em função de diferentes armazenamentos de calor, proporcionados por diferentes tipos de ambientes térmicos (com e sem radiação solar). Foram utilizadas 12 búfalas da raça Mediterrânea que foram submetidas a quatro experimentos durante o verão de 2010 a 2012 delineados para o comprimento dos objetivos específicos. Nos vários experimentos os parâmetros meteorológicos registrados foram: temperatura de bulbo seco, temperatura de bulbo úmido, umidade relativa do ar, velocidade do vento e temperatura de globo negro. Os parâmetros fisiológicos avaliados foram: temperatura retal, temperatura da base da cauda, temperatura da epiderme, temperatura de superfície do pelame, frequência respiratória e taxa de sudação. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas com auxílio do programa Statistical Analysis System, versão 9.1.3 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA), utilizando-se os procedimentos PROC MIXED. No experimento 1 que visou verificar as reações termorreguladoras ao ambiente aquecido em unidade biometeorológica, o aumento da temperatura do ar em ambiente controlado influenciou todas as variáveis fisiológicas ao longo do dia (P&lt;0,01). O incremento na taxa de sudação durante o período de estresse térmico determinou a depleção na concentração plasmática de potássio (P=0,0051). No experimento 2que avaliou as reações termorreguladoras na presença de radiação solar direta averiguamos que houve influência da exposição ao sol sobre todas as variáveis fisiológicas ao longo do dia (P&lt;0,01). O gradiente térmico favorável no período noturno atenuou os efeitos do estresse térmico não constatando o efeito da exposição a radiação solar direta sobre os constituintes sanguíneos. No experimento 3que objetivou quantificar a velocidade de aquisição de calor ao sol comparando-a posteriormente com a velocidade de dissipação do calor à sombra, constatamos que a exposição por uma hora ao sol incrementou a frequência respiratória em 189,24 % e a temperatura retal em 1,46 %, após o retorno a sombra, por uma hora, verificamos uma redução de 191,75 % e 0,57 %, respectivamente. No experimento 4avaliamos a dinâmica da termólise evaporativa e o balanço térmico de radiação e convecção em condições de radiação solar direta. À medida que reduz a temperatura radiante média, os animais passam a perder o calor armazenado por radiação, reduzem as perdas por polipnéia térmica ao passo que as perdas por sudação permanecem altas. / The aim of the study was to evaluate the thermoregulatory mechanisms, based on a temporal approach, in relation to different heat storages provided by different types of thermal environments (with and without solar radiation). Twelve Mediterranean buffalo heifers were submitted to four experiments during the summer of 2010 to 2012 outlined to achieve specific objectives. Environmental parameters dry bulb temperature; wet bulb temperature; relative humidity; winds speed and black globe temperature were measured. Physiological parameters rectal temperature; base of tail temperature; skin temperature; hair coat surface temperature; respiratory rate and sweating rate were measured. The statistical analysis were done with the assistance of the Statistical Analysis System, version9.1.3(SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA), using procedures UNIVARIATE,CORR, GLM and MIXED. The first experiment aimed to verify the thermoregulatory reactions of the warm environment in the climatic chamber. Increasing the air temperature in a controlled environment influenced all physiological variables throughout the day (P&lt;0,01). The increase in the sweating rate during heat stress led to the depletion of plasma potassium (P=0,0051). In experiment 2, which assessed the thermoregulatory reactions in the presence of direct solar radiation, it was observed the influence of sun exposure on all physiological variables throughout the day (P&lt;0.01). The favorable thermal gradient at night attenuated the effects of heat stress without identifying the effect of direct sun exposure on blood constituents. In experiment 3, that aimed to measure the heat acquisition rate under the sun subsequently comparing it with the speed of heat dissipation under the shade, it was observed that one hour exposure to the sun increased respiratory rate at 189,24 % and rectal temperature at 1,46 %. After returning the shade for one hour, it was found reductions of 191,75 % and 0,57 %, respectively. The Experiment 4 evaluated the dynamics of evaporative thermolysis and thermal balance of radiation and convection under conditions of direct solar radiation. Reducing the mean radiant temperature, the animals started to lose the stored heat by radiation, reduced losses by thermal polipneia while the losses by sweating remain high.
124

Identifica??o e distribui??o das esp?cies do g?nero Eimeria Schneider, 1875 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) em Bubalus bubalis no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Identification and distribution of the species of the genus Eimeria Schneider, 1875 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) in Bubalus bubalis from the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

GON?ALVES, Landreani Ramirez 25 February 2013 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-10-24T18:21:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Landreani Ramirez Gon?alves.pdf: 8003058 bytes, checksum: e13700985eb0d202769bd0800bc459ea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-24T18:21:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Landreani Ramirez Gon?alves.pdf: 8003058 bytes, checksum: e13700985eb0d202769bd0800bc459ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-25 / The buffalo is considered as a great option for domestic livestock. However, coccidiosis or eimeriosis is a disease that causes a health problem of growing economic importance in Brazilian cattle. The aim of this study was to identify the species of Eimeria present in the faeces of buffalo, their distribution, frequency and prevalence in the State of Rio de Janeiro, as well as in the regions studied. Regarding morphotypes found observed the presence of three specific species such as buffalo E. bareillyi, E. ankarensis and E. gokaki, and the latter two species were noted for the first time in Brazil. And the morphotypes common to cattle and buffalo, buffalo were found in E. alabamensis, E. auburnensis, E. bovis, E. brasiliensis, E. cylindrica, E. ellipsoidalis, E. subspherica and E. zuernii. The most prevalent species in the state of Rio de Janeiro was E. zuernii, but this is not observed when analyzing the frequencies of each species per meso studied, and E. auburnensis more prevalent in the regions North Fluminense, Metropolitan and Northwest Fluminense, E. ellipsoidalis more prevalent in Central Fluminense and Coastal Lowlands, E. zuernii mesoregion in South Fluminense. The distribution of the genus Eimeria was not homogeneous, even within a meso, having been observed buffalo with a single species or with up to eight species of the genus Eimeria, these results may characterize properties of extensive creations where the animals have remained independent of age and sex persist for a long time. The morphometric characteristics observed in both the oocysts and sporocysts we were better detailed in this study. / A bubalinocultura ? considerada como uma grande op??o para pecu?ria nacional. No entanto, a coccidiose ou eimeriose ? uma enfermidade que gera um problema sanit?rio de import?ncia econ?mica crescente na pecu?ria brasileira. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as esp?cies de Eimeria presentes nas fezes de b?falos, sua distribui??o, frequ?ncia e preval?ncia no estado do Rio de Janeiro, assim como, nas mesorregi?es estudadas. Quanto aos morfotipos encontrados observou-se a presen?a de tr?s esp?cies espec?ficas de b?falos como E. bareillyi, E. ankarensis e E. gokaki, sendo que as duas ?ltimas esp?cies foram assinaladas pela primeira vez no Brasil. E os morfotipos comuns a bovinos e b?falos, encontrados em b?falos foram: E. alabamensis, E. auburnensis, E. bovis, E. brasiliensis, E. cylindrica, E. ellipsoidalis, E. subspherica e E. zuernii. A esp?cie mais prevalente no estado do Rio de Janeiro foi E. zuernii, por?m isto n?o se observa quando analisadas as frequ?ncias das esp?cies por cada uma das mesorregi?es estudadas, sendo E. auburnensis mais prevalente nas mesorregi?es Norte Fluminense, Metropolitana e Noroeste Fluminense, E. ellipsoidalis mais prevalente no Centro Fluminense e Baixada Litor?nea, E. zuernii na mesorregi?o do Sul Fluminense. A distribui??o das esp?cies do g?nero Eimeria n?o foi homog?nea, mesmo dentro de uma mesorregi?o, tendo sido observado b?falos com uma s? esp?cie ou com at? oito esp?cies do g?nero Eimeria; esses resultados podem caracterizar propriedades de cria??es extensivas onde a perman?ncia dos animais, independente da idade e sexo persistem por um longo tempo. As caracter?sticas morfom?tricas observadas, tanto nos oocistos como nos esporocistos, foram mais bem detalhadas neste estudo.
125

Expressão de fatores angiogênicos em corpo lúteo cíclico e superovulado de búfalas / Expression of angiogenic factors in cyclic and superovulated bufallo corpus luteum

Fátima, Luciana Alves de 30 September 2008 (has links)
O uso de biotecnologias pode ser um método eficaz para melhorar a eficiência da reprodução e aumentar a produção de animais geneticamente superiores. O tratamento superovulatório é uma técnica comum utilizada com o objetivo de difundir o material genético desejado, embora seu uso em búfalos ainda apresente limitações, principalmente relacionada à baixa taxa de recuperação de embriões. O corpo lúteo (CL) é uma glândula reprodutiva transitória que produz progesterona, requerida para o estabelecimento e manutenção da prenhez e regulação do ciclo reprodutivo. O desenvolvimento e as funções do corpo lúteo são afetados pela hiperestimulação ovariana. As células luteínicas de animais superovulados apresentam características compatíveis com alta síntese de proteína. O fator de crescimento vascular endotelial (VEGF) e o fator de crescimento fibroblástico básico (bFGF) são reguladores importantes do desenvolvimento e função do CL, e também são afetados pelo tratamento superovulatorio. Vários estudos sugerem que o LH (hormônio luteinizante) e hCG (gonadotrofina coriônica humana) modulam a expressão dos fatores de crescimento. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a expressão gênica e protéica dos sistemas VEGF e bFGF em corpo lúteo cíclico de búfalas não tratadas e superovuladas. Foram utilizados vinte corporea lutea (CLL) divididos em 5 grupos de acordo com o estágio do ciclo estral (2, 6, 12, 17 e 26 dias após ovulação p.o.) e o grupo 6 era composto de CLL de animais superovulados no dia 6 p.o. Os CLL foram coletados em abatedouro, dissecados e congelados imediatamente em nitrogênio líquido para posterior extração de proteína e de mRNA. A análise protéica do VEGF, KDR, bFGF, FGFR-2 e FGFR-3 foi determinada por western blotting, enquanto a análise da expressão gênica de VEGF, KDR, Flt-1, bFGF, FGFR-1 a 4, por RT-PCR em tempo real. No CL de búfalas superovuladas observou-se maior expressão protéica dos sistemas VEGF e bFGF, em relação aos animais não tratados (p<0,05). Por outro lado, a expressão do mRNA de todos os genes estudados decresceu (sistema VEGF-A p<0.001, bFGF, FGFR-1 e FGFR-3, p<0.05) ou apresentou tendência a decrescer (FGFR-2 e FGFR-4, p<0.1) nos animais superovulados. Durante o ciclo estral, a expressão protéica do VEGF não variou, apesar da expressão de todas as outras proteínas e mRNA estudados apresetarem variações de acordo com a fase do ciclo estral. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o tratamento superovulatório aumenta a taxa de tradução dos fatores angiogênicos no CL de búfalas, e que a expressão dos sistemas VEGF e bFGF ao longo do ciclo estral é tempo-dependente, indicando um papel importante destes fatores na regulação das funções do CL. / Biotechniques can be an effective way of improving reproduction efficiency and enhancing the production of genetically superior animals. The superovulatory treatment is a common technique aiming to spread desired genetical material, although its use in buffalos still presents limitations, mainly the low embryo recovery rate. The corpus luteum (CL) is a temporary endocrine gland that produces progesterone (P), which is required to the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy and regulation of reproductive cycle. CL development and function are affected by ovarian hyperestimulation. The luteal cells of superovulated animals are described to show characteristics compatible with higher protein synthesis. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) are important regulators of CL and are also affected by superovulatory treatment. Several studies suggest that LH (luteinizing hormone) and hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) modulate expression of growth factors. The aim of this work was to access gene and protein expression of VEGF and bFGF systems in cyclic CL of nontreated and superovulated water buffalos. Twenty water buffaloes corpora lutea (CLL) were divided in five groups according to estrous cycle stage (days 2, 6, 12, 17 and 26 after ovulation - p.o.) and the sixth group was composed by superovulated CLL from day 6 p.o. The CLL were collected at the slaughterhouse, dissected and frozen immediately in liquid nitrogen for posterior protein and mRNA extraction. Protein expression of VEGF and its receptors KDR and Flt-1 as well as bFGF and its receptors FGFR-2 and FGFR-3 was measured by western blotting (WB). For the relative gene expression of VEGF, KDR, Flt-1, bFGF, FGFR-1 to 4, we used real time RT-PCR. VEGF and bFGF systems protein expression showed an increase (p <0.05) in superovulated CLL compared to non-treated CLL on day 6 after p.o. On the other hand, mRNA expression from all studied genes was decreased (VEGF-A system p<0.001, bFGF, FGFR-1 and FGFR-3, p<0.05) or tended to decrease (FGFR-2 and FGFR-4, p<0.1) in superovulated CLL. In estrous cycle CLL VEGF protein did not show a time dependent expression although all other proteins and mRNAs expression were dependent on estrous cycle stage. These results indicate that the superovulatory treatment increased transduction rate of angiogenic factors in CL and that VEGF and bFGF systems are expressed in a time-dependent manner during the estrous cycle, indicating that these growth factors are important regulators of CL function.
126

Eritrofagocitose placentária em búfalas (Bubalus bubalis bubalis - Simpson, 1945) / Placental erytrophagocytosis in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis bubalis - Simpson, 1945)

Pereira, Flávia Thomaz Veréchia 26 January 2004 (has links)
A função da eritrofagocitose observada após o extravasamento de sangue na interface materno-fetal é indefinida em várias espécies, incluindo o búfalo. Na ovelha, este processo foi muito estudado, e ocorre na zona arcada do placentônio (topos dos septos maternos e base dos vilos fetais), região onde o processo é realizado pelo trofoblasto. É possível que o ferro seja transferido para o feto mediante a eritrofagocitose trofoblástica nesta área hemófaga da placenta e nas glândulas endometriais. Para este estudo foram utilizadas placentas de búfalas entre 2-3, 4-5, 6-7, 8-9 e 10 meses de prenhez, fixadas por perfusão com solução aquosa de formaldeído a 10% e paraformaldeído a 4%, para microscopia de luz, e glutaraldeído a 2,5%, para microscopia eletrônica de transmissão, processadas e coradas para microscopia de luz (HE, azul de Toluidina, tricromo de Gomori, Hematoxilina-floxina, Azul de metileno - fucsina básica), histoquímica (reação de Perls, PAS e fosfatase ácida) além de microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. A metodologia utilizada permitiu-nos observar que as áreas hemófagas estavam presentes em determinadas regiões do placentônio, nas quais se identificavam áreas hemorrágicas entre o epitélio uterino e o trofoblástico, nas placentas de 4 a 10 meses de prenhez. Eritrócitos foram encontrados nas células trofoblásticas, elucidando, deste modo, a eritrofagocitose. A reação de PAS foi positiva, marcando substância mucóide, principalmente na base dos vilos fetais, células trofoblásticas binucleadas e nas glândulas endometriais da região interplacentomal. A reação de Perls foi negativa nos placentônios e positiva nas glândulas endometriais. A reação de fosfatase ácida foi positiva tanto nos placentônios, quanto na região interplacentomal. A ultraestrutura da região das áreas hemófagas revelou eritrócitos ingeridos dentro das células trofoblásticas epiteliais em diferentes fases de digestão e eletrondensidades, várias vesículas endocíticas, cavéola, muitas gotículas lipídicas, retículo endoplasmático rugoso bem desenvolvido e a presença de grande quantidade de mitocôndrias. O epitélio das glândulas endometriais da região interplacentomal é do tipo colunar com a presença de microvilos em seu ápice, e núcleos basais. / The function of erytrophagocytosis observed after blood extravasation in the maternal-fetal interface is indefinite various species, including the water buffalo. In ewe, this process had been hardly studied and it occurs in the placentome arcade zone (top of maternal septa), region where the process is performed by the trophoblast. It is possible that iron is being transferred to the fetus through the trophoblastic erytrophagocytosis in the hemophagous areas of the placenta and in the endometrial glands. In our research we have been using placentomes of buffaloes between 2-3, 4-5, 6-7, 8-9 and 10 months of pregnancy, fixed by perfusion with 10% formaldehyde aqueous solution, 4% paraformoldehyde for light microscopy and 2,5% glutaraldehyde for transmission electron microscopy, processed and stained for light microscopy (HE, Toluidine blue, Gomori trichrome, hematoxilin - floxin, methilen blue ? basic fucsin), histochemistry (Perls, PAS and acid phosfatase reaction) and transmission electron microscopy. The methodology used allowed us to observe that the haemophagous areas were present in determined regions of the placentome, in which there were showing haemorragic areas between the trophoblastic and uterine epithelium, in 4-10 months pregnant placentae. Erythrocytes had been found inside trophoblastic cells, thus contributing to explain the erytrophagocytosis. The PAS reaction was positive, staining mucoid substance, mainly in the basis of the fetal villi, trophoblastic binucleate cells and in an endometrial glands in the interplacentomal region. The Perls reaction was negative in the placenton as well as in the endometrial glands. The acid phosphatase reaction was positive in placenton as well as in the interplacentomal region. The ultrastructure of the haemophagous areas revealed ingested erythrocytes inside the epithelial cells of trophoblast in different phases of digestion and electrondensities, various endocitic vesicles, caveolae, many lipid droplets, well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and large number of mitochondrias. The endometrial glands epithelium of interplacentomal region is columnar type with microvilli and basal nuclei.
127

The Buffalo Soldiers

Hall, Kenneth Estes 01 January 2015 (has links)
Excerpt: Despite the great success of the Civil War epic Glory, the story of the black troops during and after the War is not well known. This lack of exposure to popular familiarity is especially true of the Buffalo Soldiers who served on the frontier in the late 19th century, chiefly but not exclusively in the Indian Wars.
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Buffalo Soldiers

Hall, Kenneth Estes 01 August 2015 (has links)
No description available.
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Effect of Polyethylene glycol 4000 supplementation on the performance of the indigenous Pedi goats fed different levels of Acacia nilotica leaf meal and Ad libitum buffalo grass hay.

Motubatse, Moakgosweng Robby January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (M.Sc. (Agriculture)) --University of Limpopo, 2006 / Two experiments were carried out to determine the effect of the level of Acacia nilotica leaf meal supplementation plus 23 g polyethylene glycol 4000 on diet intake, digestibility, and growth rate of indigenous Pedi goats fed ad libitum Buffalo grass, Buchloe dactyloides, hay. The first experiment lasted for 37 days, with the first 30 days being for adaptation and the last 7 days being for collection. Twenty yearling male Pedi goats weighing 22 ± 0.5 kg live weight were allocated to 4 treatments in a 2 x 2 Factorial arrangement in a Completely Randomised Design. Acacia nilotica leaf meal contained 120 g crude protein per kg DM, indicating its potential as a browse source for ruminants. It, also, contained high amounts of total phenolics (2.04 % DM) and low amounts of condensed tannins, both extracted (0.37 % DM) and unextracted (1.83 % DM). Increasing the level of Acacia nilotica leaf meal supplementation to 120 g increased (P<0.05) crude protein intake (38 g/kg DM) when compared to 80 g supplementation (34 g/kg DM). Supplementation with 23 g PEG 4000 increased (P<0.05) the crude protein intake where goats were supplemented with 120 g of A. nilotica leaf meal. However, PEG 4000 supplementation did not have an effect (P>0.05) on intake when goats were supplemented with 80 g of Acacia nilotica leaf meal. Supplementation with 120 g of Acacia nilotica leaf meal increased (P<0.05) diet digestibility of DM (0.57), OM (0.60) and CP (0.71) by the goats. Similarly, supplementation with 23 g PEG 4000 increased (P<0.05) DM (0.65), OM (0.66) and v CP digestibilities (0.76) where goats were supplemented with 120 g of A. nilotica leaf meal. Polyethylene glycol 4000 also increased (P<0.05) diet CP digestibility where goats were supplemented with 80 g of Acacia nilotica leaf meal. However, 23 g PEG 4000 did not have a significant (P>0.05) effect on diet digestibility of DM and OM where goats were supplemented with 80 g of Acacia nilotica leaf meal. In vivo NDF and ADF digestibility were not affected by the treatments. Level of Acacia nilotica leaf meal supplementation plus 23 g of PEG 4000 had a significant (P<0.05) effect on the daily live weight change of the goats. The effect was higher where goats were supplemented with 120 g of A. nilotica leaf meal when compared to 80 g supplementation. Blood urea concentrations were improved (P<0.05) by level of A. nilotica supplementation and PEG supplementation. It is concluded that PEG 4000 has the potential to improve the feeding value of Acacia nilotica leaf meal and can, therefore, be used in the feeding systems for ruminant animals. The second experiment determined the effect of A. nilotica leaf meal supplementation and PEG 4000 supplementation on in vitro diet digestibility. Level of Acacia nilotica leaf meal supplementation plus 23 g PEG supplementation improved (P<0.05) in vitro diet DM, OM and CP digestibilities where 120 g Acacia nilotica leaf meal was supplemented. Similarly, 23 g PEG 4000 supplementation also improved (P<0.05) in vitro diet CP digestibility where 80 g Acacia nilotica leaf meal was supplemented. However, level of A. nilotica supplementation plus PEG 4000 supplementation had no vi effect (P>0.05) on in vitro NDF and ADF digestibilities. In vivo diet DM, OM and CP digestibilities were positively and significantly (P<0.05) correlated with in vitro diet DM, OM and CP digestibilities. It is, therefore, concluded that in vitro diet DM, OM and CP digestibilities have good capacity to predict in vivo diet DM, OM and CP digestibilities. / National Research Foundation. Working Solutions International
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Wasted Land: Finding Redemption in a Post-Industrial Monument

Karlinski, Kristin Marie 01 August 2011 (has links)
This thesis is about the act of inhabiting the post-industrial landscape: about how a city with the remains of and scars from a previous era can begin to repurpose those remnants--both in a physical, as well as intangible sense. Proposing an alternative to the patterns of development that created such a landscape, it offers resistance to the entrenched values of privatization, commodification, and consumption. The chosen site--an abandoned grain elevator in Buffalo, New York--sits at a nexus of converging landscapes: the grid of downtown to the north, a former industrial canal to the east, a stretch of barren waterfront land to the south, and the expansive Lake Erie to the west. This site, existing at the mouth of the now contaminated Buffalo River, possesses both beauty and sublimity in its deterioration; as such, it is uniquely situated to become a charged point of entry to the desolate waterfront beyond, as well as a bridge--literally and figuratively--between the city, its heritage, and its legacy. Drawing on such precedents as the library and the enlightenment-era salon as traditional places of scholarship and colloquy, the project is also influenced by the archetypes of the tavern and the union hall as more informal, although no less vital, places of cultural exchange. It is the aim of this thesis to bring the residents of Buffalo together in a public platform that would impress and bring into focus the processes that created the current conditions, allow for the meaningful re-inhabitation of this landscape, as well as foster a sense of community, dialogue, exchange, learning, and inquiry, with the desired outcome of participatory change.

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