Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-05-09T20:34:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ClaudiaArcher.pdf: 2499542 bytes, checksum: c3798aae30fc8474ef1bf7a811476f49 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-09T20:34:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ClaudiaArcher.pdf: 2499542 bytes, checksum: c3798aae30fc8474ef1bf7a811476f49 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-31 / This thesis analyzes how the reconfiguration of the state's bureaucracy occurred with the introduction of information and communication technologies (ICTs) into the brazilian's Stated. It begins with the contextualization of this moment through the history of "cognitive capitalism" and the "reform of the Brazilian's state of 1995". Because these are two facts that led the Brazilian state to introduce ICT in its bureaucratic routines, reconfiguring them. This change in routines leads state workers to adapt to the introduction of ICT in their work processes. This generates a hierarchy through the various levels of adaptation found in the burearacy. One has, therefore, those bureaucrats who have not adapted and leave the State, whether by retirement, or Programs of voluntary dismissals, they do not feel able to renew their knowledge, or even have no interest. Another type of bureaucrat is one who can‘t adapt, but continues in the public service, but calls on the help of another to help him, creating the micro regulations of power, and delaying the task. This relation it was called by Crozier (1981) of "power of the expert", that the power of the one that knows. Finally, from the categorization of the adapted bureaucrats, they are those who developed the skills necessary to carry out the reconfigured bureaucratic routines. In addition to the adapted bureaucrats, based on Haraway's theory of cyborgs (2000), another category of bureaucrats is identified, those who arrive at the state already inserted in cyberspace, they are the cyberbureaucrats. / Esta tese analisa como ocorreu a reconfiguração da burocracia estatal com a introdução das tecnologias da informação e da comunicação – TICs – no Estado brasileiro. Parto da contextualização desse momento através do histórico do “capitalismo cognitivo” e da “reforma do estado brasileiro de 1995”, por serem estes dois fatos que levaram o Estado brasileiro a introduzir as TICs em suas rotinas burocráticas, reconfigurando-as. Esta mudança que acontece nas rotinas, leva os trabalhadores do Estado a se adaptarem à introdução das TICs em seus processos de trabalho. Isso gera uma hierarquização mediante os diversos níveis de adaptação que se encontram na burocracia. Há, portanto, aqueles burocratas que não se adaptaram e saem do Estado, seja por aposentadoria, ou programas de demissões voluntárias, e não se sentem capazes de renovar o seu conhecimento, ou mesmo não têm interesse. Outro tipo de burocrata é aquele que não consegue se adaptar, mas continua no serviço público, porém, solicita a ajuda de outro, criando as microrrelações de poder, além de retardar a realização da tarefa. Essa relação foi chamada por Crozier (1981) de “poder do perito”, que é o poder daquele que conhece. Por fim, da categorização dos burocratas adaptados, são aqueles que desenvolvem as habilidades necessárias para realização das rotinas burocráticas reconfiguradas. Além dos burocratas adaptados, baseando-se na teoria dos ciborgues de Haraway (2000), identifica-se outra categoria de burocratas, aqueles que chegam ao Estado já inseridos no ciberespaço, são eles, os ciberburocratas.

壓力與工作倦怠(stress and burnout)之課題，是1980年代以來，組織學者，管理實務家與大眾傳播媒體關注的焦點。工作倦怠是壓力徵狀的一種獨特型態，常與不妥適的心理及情緒徵狀有關，表現在組織離職、缺席、低士氣及各種有關個人煩惱的自我報告指標上，包括生理枯竭、失眠、酒精與藥物使用量的增加、婚姻與家庭問題等面向上。因此，對工作倦怠現象之瞭解與衡量，是測量組織工作生活品質的重要指標，更是對個人工作經驗及組織診斷的方法；從積極面而言，具有提昇組織整體效能之正面意義，從消極面而言，防止組織成員工作倦怠現象之發生，可達到避免組織衰敗的功能。 　　區政是市政之基礎與延伸，區公所之基層公務人員扮演政府與民眾之間的重要橋樑，民眾經由他們的服務感知政府的存在，且擔負著政府政策執行成敗之關鍵性角色；值此行政革新如火如荼展開之際，探討基層公務人員工作倦怠程度在組織分佈情形，應為克服行政革新阻力，有效提昇服務品質之最佳途徑。 　　本研究整合分析工作倦怠之文獻探討，採用階段理論模式，針對台北市政府十二行政區區公所的基層公務人員進行間卷調查及統計分析。根據研究結果有以下的主要發現： 　　一、依區公所基層公務人員個人背景變項與工作變項之不同，其在工作倦怠階段中人數分布情形，有以下的結果： 　　　　1.就性別而言，集中於低工作倦怠群之現象十分明顯，其中男性51.7%女性47.2%；而在高工作倦怠群之分布，女性高於男性，尤其階段VIII特別顯著。 　　　　2.就年齡層而言，年齡26-30歲及31-40歲兩組，在高工作倦怠群階段VIII所佔之比率大於其它各組，是工作倦怠的兩個高峰期。 　　　　3.就服務年資而言，隨著服務年資之進升，低工作倦怠群之比率呈下降趨勢，而服務年資在（一至未滿三年）及（五至未滿十年）兩組在階段VIII之比率最高，係兩個高峰期。 　　　　4.依基層人員業務類型觀之，以秘書室人員在高工作倦怠群之人數比率達50.0%，明顯高於其它類型人員，依次為經建課人員45.6%，社會課人員42.7%，兵役課人員32.1%，而以民政課人員28.4%最低。 　　　　5.工作性質方面，內勤人員之高工作倦怠比率平均大於外群人員，兩者相差10.0%。 　　　　6.職等部份，薦任人員之高工作倦怠比率佔35.1%，高於委任人員之34.6%。 　　　　7.專科程度之基層人員，高工作倦怠程度最嚴重，研究所程度人員則無高工作倦怠現象。 　　　　8.有宗教信仰之基層人員，在高工作倦怠群之比率低於無宗教信仰者。 　　　　9.未婚之基層人員，其高工作倦怠比率佔36.4%，大於已婚人員之34.1%。 　　　　10.以行政區而言，在高工作倦怠群之比率，以文山區49.0%最高，北投區47.5%次之，而以士林區24%最低。 　　二、從區公所基層公務人員個人背景變項之分析結果，女性基層人員工作倦怠程度高於男性基層人員；26-30歲人員工作倦怠程度最高，51-60歲人員最低；未婚者工作倦怠程度明顯高於已婚者；無宗教信仰者工作倦怠程度高於有宗教信仰者。由區公所基層公務人員工作變項觀之，以秘書業務人員之工作倦怠程度最高，民政業務人員最低；內勤人員工作倦怠程度大於外勤人員；而服務地區中以文山區之基層人員工作倦怠程度最高，而以士林區人員最低。 　　三、工作倦怠對區公所基層公務人員之工作緊張、工作無助、工作投入、工作滿足、一般健康等變項之影響程度，依研究結果顯示，工作倦怠與工作緊張、工作無助、一般健康等變項成正相關，而與工作滿足、工作投入二者成負相關。 　　四、工作倦怠對基層公務人員執行公務行為之影響程度，依其工作投入之中位數劃分為積極投入與消極投入者，兩者在工作倦怠八階段中之人數比率發現，積極投入型基層人員由階段1之21.3%，趨降於階段VIII之12.9%；而消極投入型基層人員則由階段I之5.0%趨升至階段VIII之31.9%，顯示工作倦怠導致基層公務人員的工作投入情形普遍不高。 　　本研究之預期價值在於探究並瞭解臺北市區公所組織中基層公務人員工作倦怠感之分佈情形，藉以研提妥善的因應之道，俾能有效的提昇行政效率，達到改善服務品質之目的。依據研究結果發現，對於臺北市主管機關及區公所管理人員，提出下列幾項建議： 　　一、組織功能面的調適 　　　　1.充份授權並賦予區公所業務上之自主權。 　　　　2.重新設計工作內容。 　　　　3.採取（經歷管制辦法），促進人員之間之交流與互動。 　　二、管理實務面之診斷與防治 　　　　1.建立組織診斷制度。 　　　　2.發展員工諮商與生涯諮商方案。 　　　　3.提供對員工支持性與教育性的協助措施。 　　　　4.增進主管人員對（員工生活壓力）課題之認知。 　　三、採取增進個人工作效能之干預技術 　　　（一）高工作倦怠群之干預技術。 　　　　　--建立基層公務人員的心理輔導制度。 　　　　　--輔導基層公務人員從事生涯與事業之規劃。 　　　　　--貫澈實施定期工作輪調制度。 　　　（二）低工作倦怠群之干預技術。 　　　　　--強化基層公務人員敏感性訓練。 　　　　　--推行組織目標之管理制度。 　　　　　--改變組織結構。

Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo qualitativo sobre o trabalho técnico social (TTS) na implementação do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV) para a Faixa 1 no município de Porto Alegre-RS. Nosso objetivo principal foi compreender de que forma o trabalho técnico social se efetiva, quais são seus limites e potencialidades quanto à sua autonomia e discricionariedade, e como está associado à consolidação do direito à moradia prescrito pelo PMCMV. Para tanto, realizamos entrevistas com técnicas sociais atuantes no ano de 2016, observações participantes e análise de conteúdo de pesquisas acadêmicas sobre o tema. Assim buscamos observar as percepções dos profissionais que realizam o trabalho social quanto ao seu papel dentro do processo de implementação do PMCMV. Partimos da ideia que os técnicos sociais representam os burocratas de nível de rua da política pública habitacional, pois possuem um papel específico de mediação entre os beneficiários da política e o Estado. Em nossas análises das entrevistas, identificamos dois fatores importantes que influenciam a discricionariedade do TTS: os fatores institucionais e normativos, relacionados ao que é oficialmente prescrito; e os fatores relacionais e interacionais, que se referem às relações dos técnicos sociais com os beneficiários. A partir desses dois fatores, constatamos que o desenho institucional do PMCMV exerce uma função determinante nos limites e potencialidades do TTS. Concluímos que o mesmo não consegue exercer efetividade, no que tange promover o direito à moradia. / This dissertation presents a qualitative study about social technical work (TTS) in the implementation of the Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV) for Track 1 in the city of Porto Alegre, RS. Our main objective was to understand how social technical work is effective, what its limits and potentialities are regarding its autonomy and discretion, and how it is associated with the consolidation of the right to housing prescribed by the PMCMV. For that, we conducted interviews with social techniques in the year 2016, participating observations and analysis of content of academic research on the subject. Thus, we seek to observe the perceptions of professionals who carry out social work in relation to their role in the PMCMV implementation process. We start from the idea that the social technicians represent the street-level bureaucrats of the public housing policy, since they have a specific role of mediation between the beneficiaries of politics and the State. In our interview analysis, we identified two important factors that influence the discretion of TTS: institutional and normative factors, related to what is officially prescribed; and relational and interactional factors, which refer to the relationships of social workers with beneficiaries. From these two factors, we find that the institutional design of PMCMV has a determining function in the limits and potentialities of TTS. We conclude that it can not be effective in promoting the right to housing.

Submitted by ANA MARCELINA DE OLIVEIRA null (marcelinaeo@gmail.com) on 2016-04-08T00:47:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Ana Marcelina Oliveira Final.pdf: 1138526 bytes, checksum: a408157f4ba82bd1801e1042dc64df6e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-08T13:36:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_am_me_fran.pdf: 1138526 bytes, checksum: a408157f4ba82bd1801e1042dc64df6e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-08T13:36:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_am_me_fran.pdf: 1138526 bytes, checksum: a408157f4ba82bd1801e1042dc64df6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / Não recebi financiamento / Este trabalho aborda a política pública de educação profissional que, através do Plano de Expansão da Rede Federal de Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica, proporcionou a criação dos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFs) e a abertura de novas unidades de ensino em diversas regiões do país entre os anos de 2003 e 2014. Uma dessas unidades de ensino de IF localiza-se na cidade de Passos (MG), cujo processo de implantação foi conduzido primordialmente por atores pertencentes ao próprio instituto, integrantes da burocracia pública. Esses atores ocupavam cargos comissionados próprios das Instituições Federais de Ensino (IFEs) que em correlação/equiparação com os Cargos de Direção e Assessoramento Superior (DAS) foram enquadrados como integrantes da burocracia de alto escalão do governo federal. No entanto, à medida que empiricamente se observa a atuação desses atores percebe-se que ela está bem mais relacionada ao papel desempenhado pela burocracia de médio escalão. Cavalcante e Lotta (2015, p. 13) afirmam que os Burocratas de Médio Escalão (BMEs) são atores relevantes no processo de implementação de políticas públicas e a importância dessa burocracia está justamente em ser o elo entre o alto escalão e os executores das políticas públicas. Ao estudar a política pública de educação profissional parte-se do pressuposto de que, embora sejam materializadas através dos governos, as políticas públicas envolvem vários atores e níveis de decisão (SOUZA, 2006), advertindo sobre o aspecto deliberativo e muitas vezes discricionário do processo de produção de políticas públicas. Nesse sentido, para melhor compreender a política pública de educação profissional, a criação dos institutos federais e a atuação dos atores envolvidos no processo de implantação do campus de IF na cidade de Passos (MG), este trabalho pautou-se em uma revisão de literatura sobre os temas: educação profissional; criação e expansão da rede federal de educação profissional; conceitos, enfoques e implementação de políticas públicas; e burocracia pública, com foco na burocracia de nível intermediário. Pautou-se também na realização e análise de entrevistas com três atores-chave do processo de implantação do campus do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais em Passos (MG). Este trabalho também procura se valer dos enfoques de Avaliação de Políticas Públicas (EAv) e de Análise e Políticas Públicas (EAn), que tratam da dimensão programas sob diferentes perspectivas. Para o EAv a implantação do campus do IF atendeu às dimensões estabelecidas pelo Plano de Expansão da Rede. E com o EAn considera-se que o plano materializou a política (policy) através de seus processos políticos (politics) e instituições políticas (polity). Por fim, os atores envolvidos na implantação do campus do instituto federal em foco foram fundamentais para esse processo, sendo denominados de burocratas de alto escalão, mas atuaram conforme o papel desempenhado pela burocracia de médio escalão. Sua atuação ocorreu principalmente na intermediação de ações da política, na aplicação das diretrizes da política e na coordenação de ações entre superiores e subordinados, ou seja, em aspectos que proporcionaram a implementação da política pública de educação profissional. / This work approaches the public policy of professional education which, through the Expansion Plan of the Federal Network of Professional Education Science and Technology, provided the creation of the Federal Institutes of education, science and technology (IFs) and the opening of new units of instruction in several regions of the country between the years of 2003 to 2014. One of these teaching units IF (Federal Institute) it is located in Passos (MG), whose deployment process was conducted primarily by actors belonging to the Institute, members of the public bureaucracy. These actors were commissioned positions of the federal institutions of education (IFEs) in parity with the positions and Superior advisory services (DAS) were included as members of the senior bureaucracy of the federal Government. However, as empirically observed these actors realizes that it is much more related to the function performed by the middle ranking bureaucracy. Cavalcante and Lotta (2015, p. 13) say that the middle ranking bureaucrats (BMEs) are relevant actors in the process of implementation of public policies and the importance of this bureaucracy is precisely to be the junction between the high-level and the executors of public policies. By studying public policy professional education the assumption that, although they are materialized through Governments, public policies involve several actors and levels of decision (SOUZA 2006), warning about the deliberative and often discretionary aspect of the production process of public policies. In this sense, to better understand the public policy of professional education, the creation of federal institutions and the performance of the actors involved in the implementation process of the campus of IF located in Passos (MG), this work was in a review of literature on the topics: professional education; creation and expansion of the professional education; concepts, approaches and implementation of public policies; and public bureaucracy, focusing on mid-level bureaucracy. Was also in the realization and analysis of interviews with three key actors of the deployment process of the campus - Federal Institute of education, science and technology in the South of Minas Gerais located in Passos (MG). This work also search to focus on the Evaluation of Public Policies (EAv) and Analysis and Public Policies (EAn), dealing with the dimension programs under different perspectives. For EAv implementation campus do IF met the dimensions established by the network expansion plan. And with the EAn the plan materialized to politics (policy) through their political processes (politics) and political institutions (polity). Finally, the actors involved in the implementation of the federal Institute's campus in focus were critical to this process, being named to high-level bureaucrats, but acted as the role played by mid-level bureaucracy. Its performance occurred mainly the intermediation of policy action, in the implementation of policy guidelines and coordination of actions between superiors and subordinates, on aspects that have provided the implementation of public policy professional education.

Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo qualitativo sobre o trabalho técnico social (TTS) na implementação do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV) para a Faixa 1 no município de Porto Alegre-RS. Nosso objetivo principal foi compreender de que forma o trabalho técnico social se efetiva, quais são seus limites e potencialidades quanto à sua autonomia e discricionariedade, e como está associado à consolidação do direito à moradia prescrito pelo PMCMV. Para tanto, realizamos entrevistas com técnicas sociais atuantes no ano de 2016, observações participantes e análise de conteúdo de pesquisas acadêmicas sobre o tema. Assim buscamos observar as percepções dos profissionais que realizam o trabalho social quanto ao seu papel dentro do processo de implementação do PMCMV. Partimos da ideia que os técnicos sociais representam os burocratas de nível de rua da política pública habitacional, pois possuem um papel específico de mediação entre os beneficiários da política e o Estado. Em nossas análises das entrevistas, identificamos dois fatores importantes que influenciam a discricionariedade do TTS: os fatores institucionais e normativos, relacionados ao que é oficialmente prescrito; e os fatores relacionais e interacionais, que se referem às relações dos técnicos sociais com os beneficiários. A partir desses dois fatores, constatamos que o desenho institucional do PMCMV exerce uma função determinante nos limites e potencialidades do TTS. Concluímos que o mesmo não consegue exercer efetividade, no que tange promover o direito à moradia. / This dissertation presents a qualitative study about social technical work (TTS) in the implementation of the Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV) for Track 1 in the city of Porto Alegre, RS. Our main objective was to understand how social technical work is effective, what its limits and potentialities are regarding its autonomy and discretion, and how it is associated with the consolidation of the right to housing prescribed by the PMCMV. For that, we conducted interviews with social techniques in the year 2016, participating observations and analysis of content of academic research on the subject. Thus, we seek to observe the perceptions of professionals who carry out social work in relation to their role in the PMCMV implementation process. We start from the idea that the social technicians represent the street-level bureaucrats of the public housing policy, since they have a specific role of mediation between the beneficiaries of politics and the State. In our interview analysis, we identified two important factors that influence the discretion of TTS: institutional and normative factors, related to what is officially prescribed; and relational and interactional factors, which refer to the relationships of social workers with beneficiaries. From these two factors, we find that the institutional design of PMCMV has a determining function in the limits and potentialities of TTS. We conclude that it can not be effective in promoting the right to housing.

Abstract Essay in political science, C-level, by Line Säll, spring semester 2007. Tutor: Susan Marton. ”To do things by the rule of law -A study in the discretion of front-line bureaucrats” This essay has it´s starting-point in the theoretical problem of social science to unite democracy and bureaucracy. The purpose is to illustrate the problems with the discretion of front-line bureaucrats in a democratic state. The theoretical approach is front-line bureaucracy-theory. Certain characteristics of the work of street-level bureaucrats makes it impossible to severly reduce discretion. The thesis is that the public policy in important ways is made in the offices of street-level bureaucrats because of their discretion. My research question is: How does front-line bureaucrats, at an employment exchange office in Sweden, interpret their discretion? The discretion is investigated in relation to the marginalised position of immigrants on the swedish labor-market, and in the perspective of that the swedish population is getting more and more heterogeneous. The essay is an qualitative interview study, as front-line bureaucrats at an employment exchange office has been interviewed. My findings is that the front-line bureaucrats interpret their discretion as quite limited. The limits is mostly seen in relation to the rules of the organisation, the bureaucrats orientation towards the organisation over the client and to the ideal of the rule of law.

This study aims to identify the municipalities of Hallands’ methods, guidelines and policies in integration concerning new arrivals of children and teenagers. Some of the new arrivals are under the power of Swedish Migration Board and some of them are by a contract handed over to the municipalities. The evaluation is based on Michael Lipskys street-level bureaucracy which puts its focus on the lower level of bureaucrats meeting with clients. The frame is Skolverkets guideline for education of new arrivals which is more or less a way towards a common policy. The other document used to put up evaluation criteria’s is the Integration office united goals towards the receiving of new arrivals. The material for this evaluation is empirical in the sense of interviews made in the municipalities and document handed from each responsible bureaucrat. The result shows implications of the wide interpretation that the municipalities have. Some of them follow the directions and stop there, while others form routines and policies which go beyond the expectations. The conclusion of this study is that some municipalities have a lack of structure in the area for new arrivals of children and teenagers. This is in most of the cases because there also is a lack of liability areas. Most of the jobs are handed over to the principals who in the same way hand theirs over to the teachers. Bureaucrats need to know what is expected and there need to be documents or a reliable structure to work under.

The purpose of this study is to examine how upper secondary school teachers within the social studies subject interpret and transform the mission of preparing students for political participation. Based on teachers' dictums of how the mission is interpreted and transformed ahead of teaching, as well as which factors are expressed to affect this transformation, the study aims to determine what differences exist regarding how the mission is transformed and what can be seen to cause these differences. Through semi-structured interviews with seven social studies teachers, the study aims to answer three research questions addressing how the teachers interpret the mission, their expressions of how the mission is transformed ahead of teaching as well as which factors are mentioned to affect this transformation. The general conclusion of the study is that the teachers express that the mission of preparing students for political participation contain several contrasting dimensions, which in various ways are transformed ahead of teaching. The most central differences can be seen within the knowledge conveying and participation promoting dimensions, where the variations appear as the teachers to a certain extent focus on different areas of teaching and attend to these on different levels. Furthermore, different possibilities of influence and forms of participation are accentuated to various extent. To conclude, the study indicates that the teachers, qua agents of political socialisation, are preparing the students dissimilarly for political participation. / Syftet med föreliggande studie är att undersöka hur gymnasielärare i samhällskunskap tolkar och transformerar skolans uppdrag att förbereda elever för politiskt deltagande. Utifrån lärares utsagor kring hur uppdraget tolkas och transformeras inför samhällskunskapsundervisning, samt vilka faktorer som uttrycks påverka denna transformering, syftar studien till att utröna vilka skillnader som föreligger beträffande hur uppdraget transformeras, samt vad dessa skillnader kan ses bero på. Genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med sju samhällskunskapslärare, syftar studien till att besvara tre forskningsfrågor, vilka behandlar hur lärarna tolkar uppdraget att förbereda elever för politiskt deltagande, hur de uttrycker att uppdraget transformeras inför undervisning samt vilka faktorer som uttrycks påverka denna transformering. Studiens övergripande slutsats är att lärarna ger uttryck för att uppdraget att förbereda eleverna för politiskt deltagande inbegriper flera olika dimensioner, vilka transformeras på olika sätt inför undervisning. De mest centrala skillnaderna kan ses finnas inom de kunskapsförmedlande och deltagarfrämjande dimensionerna, vilket yttrar sig genom att lärarna i viss mån fokuserar på olika undervisningsområden och behandlar dessa på olika nivåer. Vidare framhävs olika påverkansmöjligheter och deltagandeformer i varierande grad. Sammanfattningsvis indikerar studien att lärarna, i egenskap av politiska socialisationsagenter, förbereder eleverna olika för politiskt deltagande.

As recent immigrants seek a productive and dignified life in “new immigrant destinations” that have little historical experience with immigration, public education systems serve a key function in immigrant integration efforts. In a federal system increasingly focused on accountability, a crucial sub-set of education policy and local responsiveness to immigration is English language instruction and services for Limited English Proficient (LEP) students and parents. In such contexts, the role that local bureaucrats play, and whether they actively represent the interests of the newfound diversity of community members, are crucial questions if strongly held American ideals of social equity and equal opportunity are to be upheld. This research asks broad questions at the intersection of bureaucratic power, representative bureaucracy and educational policy toward English language learners at the local level. Variations in how school systems in the political bellwether of Virginia responded to a recent policy shock - federal guidance released in January 2015 that reiterated local school system responsibility for providing equal educational access to LEP students and parents – form a unique window into local policy-making. Using a concurrent triangulation mixed methodology that consists of a state-wide survey and interviews with a sub-set of the Title III coordinators who supervise programs for English Language Learners, this research shows Title III coordinators to be unrepresentative in passive terms of the foreign born population but nevertheless to have a strong sense of advocating for English Language Learners. Findings suggest that public service motivation is the key explanatory factor in driving a sense of role advocacy and this in turn drives a greater range of action taking by the coordinator to benefit ELLs. Despite this link between role advocacy and coordinator action, role advocacy is not found to be significant in driving the likelihood or range of system level responsiveness to the letter. Instead, political and demographic factors increase the likelihood of system action but, counter to existing literature, more conservative localities are found to be more likely to have responded to the Dear Colleague Letter. This suggests that a previous reluctance to act in these places may have been dislodged by the letter and points to the importance of change over time in conceptualizing local responsiveness to immigrants.

Arbetsförmedlingen genomgår en omfattande digitalisering och är mitt i ett stort förändringsarbete, kallat förnyelseresan, där syftet är att modernisera myndigheten. Tidigare forskning visar att olika faktorer påverkar en implementeringsprocess och belyser också hur den politiskt styrda offentliga förvaltningens tjänstemän har en speciell roll.  Studiens huvudteori är baserad på implementeringsstyrning utifrån Lennart Lundquists styrningsmodell och tre egenskaper hos anställda, förstår, vill och kan, som påverkar om implementeringen får önskat utfall. Syftet med studien är att nå en förståelse för hur arbetsförmedlare upplever implementeringsprocessen kring förändringsarbetet och digitaliseringen som pågår vid myndigheten, och hur förändringarna hanteras.  För att få en förståelse för deras upplevelser används en kvalitativ metod i form av intervjuer.  Resultatet visar att arbetsförmedlarna upplever omfattande problem med tekniken och många upplever även en stor personal- och tidsbrist. Arbetsförmedlarna visar sig dock ändå vara motiverade och ha en i grunden positiv inställning till förändringar. Chefer och ledning upplevs ha varit tydliga i hur de har informerat om förändringarna men förtroendet för dem, och förståelsen från dem, varierar stort. Resultaten visar tydligt att arbetsförmedlare främst har kundens bästa i fokus. Studiens slutsats är att arbetsförmedlarna förstår och vill implementera förändringarna men inte riktigt kan, till följd av teknikproblem och resursbrist. / The Swedish public employment service is under an extensive process of digitalization as well as a big organizational change called ”förnyelseresan”, which purpose is to modernize the authority. Previous research has found different factors affecting the implementation process and also illustrates the special features of public administration employees.  The main theory of this study is based upon implementation steering and three employee characteristics, which a Swedish professor of political science, Lennart Lundquist, highlights: understand, will and can. They are said to determine whether or not the implementation will lead to desired outcome. The purpose of this study is to reach an understanding of how the employees at the Swedish public employment service experience the implementation process regarding the ongoing organizational change, and how these changes are handled, with a main focus on digitalization. Qualitative interviews with the employees have been constructed in order to reach an understanding of their experiences. The study shows extensive problems with technology and many of the employees also experience a great lack of resources, such as time and staff. But still their motivation seems to be high and they seem to have a positive attitude regarding changes in general. The received information from management has been clear and sufficient but the confidence towards management, and perceived understanding from them, varies greatly. The study also shows that the employees seem to have their clients best interests in mind.  The conclusion is that the employees understand and are willing to implement the changes but that they not quite can, due to technical problems and lack of resources.