Följande studie undersöker ifall woke-washing förekommer eller inte i Belvedere Vodkas reklamfilm Belvedere Present Daniel Craig, Directed by Taika Waititi: Director’s Cut där Daniel Craig spelar rollen som ‘sig själv’ men samtidigt förklaras ha blivit humoristiskt koreograferad. Detta görs genom frågeställningarna: “Hur representeras maskulinitet genom framförande och kostym av Daniel Craig i rollen som ‘sig själv’?” samt “Hur tolkas gestaltningen av mansrollerna när Belvedere Vodka beskriver Craig som humoristiskt koreograferad?”. Genom en kvalitativ sociosemiotisk analys studeras ett urval där det genom resultatet tolkas som att det sker en stereotypisering av både hypermaskulinitet och queer maskulinitet i syfte att ifrågasätta genus som social konstruktion. Analysen kommer dock fram till slutsatsen att Belvedere Vodka är mer engagerade i att bevara en stereotypisk relation mellan man och sprit snarare än hur mansrollerna representeras. Konsekvensen av detta blir att repliken “Finally” misstolkas (i jämförelse med produktionsteamets uttalade syfte), vilket leder till att den flamboyanta gestaltningen upplevs som förminskande och avskräckande i jämförelse med den heteronormativa mansrollen. Diskussionen kommer slutligen fram till att en marginaliserad grupp ännu en gång inte får möjligheten att representera sig själv, samtidigt som behovet av att kategorisera sexuell orientering för att kunna avgöra ifall appropriering sker eller inte blir fortsatt problematisk.  Medieproduktionen som framförs i designdokumentationen baseras på en studie i sexuell hälsa och hur visuell kommunikation gällande detta ämne riktar sig till ungdomar. Medieproduktionen är utförd av Jennie Eklund, Amanda Lindh och Helena Ljunggren.

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Refugee children and adolescents living in refugee camps are a vulnerable population, at high risk for developing mental health disorders, behavioural problems and experiencing violence or trauma. However, not all children exposed to these stressors of displacement show negative outcomes; several refugee children and adolescents show adaptive functioning and resilient outcomes. Given the rising number of refugee minors, it is increasingly important to examine and understand protective factors for resilience among minors living in refugee camps. This knowledge could be used to develop resilience-building programs. This systematic literature review sought to identify protective factors for resilience, and available programs in the refugee camps targeting the development of resilience. Six databases were used for the searching process; ten studies were identified meeting predefined selection criteria and quality standards. Based on bio-ecological theory and the model of “7 Crucial Cs of resilience”, numerous protective factors were identified on multiple levels, including personal resources, social support, education, and connection to culture and community. Findings of this review highlight the need for a multidimensional view of resilience; the use of the “7 Crucial Cs of resilience” showed that focusing only on individual sources of resilience is not sufficient as these individual resources emerge from higher levels and systems. Two intervention programs were identified showing a resilience-building approach. Based on these results, recommendations for interventions and programs in this context are discussed. Limitations and the need for future research on sources of resilience and resilience-building interventions are outlined. / Kinder und Jugendliche, die aus ihrer Heimat geflüchtet sind, und temporär in Flüchtlingscamps leben, sind besonders gefährdet, psychosoziale Dysfunktionen zu entwickeln sowie Gewalt oder andere traumatisierende Erlebnisse zu erfahren. Dennoch zeigt sich, dass nicht alle Kinder, die diesen Stressoren ausgesetzt sind, negative Auswirkungen auf ihre Entwicklung aufweisen; einige Kinder bleiben resilient und reagieren mit erfolgreichem Anpassungsverhalten. Die hohen Flüchtlingszahlen und die steigenden Zahlen minderjähriger Flüchtlinge verdeutlichen die Notwendigkeit, Faktoren zu evaluieren und identifizieren, die zur Resilienz von Kindern, die in Flüchtlingslagern leben, beitragen. Es ist essenziell für Interventionsprogramme und Professionalisten, diese Schutzfaktoren zu erkennen, um Interventionen in Flüchtlingscamps durchzuführen, die auf eine Stärkung und Verbesserung der Resilienz von Kindern und Jugendlichen abzielen. Die vorliegende systemische Literaturarbeit evaluierte Schutzfaktoren, die positiv zur Resilienz von minderjährigen Flüchtlingen beitragen, sowie verfügbare Interventionsprogramme in Flüchtlingscamp, die präventiv auf Prozesse der Resilienzentwicklung einwirken. Sechs Datenbanken wurden ausführlich nach verfügbarer Literatur durchsucht; zehn Studien wurden schlussendlich ausgewählt, welche vordefinierten Ein- und Ausschlusskriterien entsprachen. Basierend auf ökosystemischer Theorie und dem „Modell der 7 essentiellen C für Resilienz“ wurden mehrere Schutzfaktoren in verschiedenen Systemen identifiziert. Persönliche Ressourcen des Kindes, soziale Unterstützung, Bildung, sowie kulturelle Faktoren und enge Verbindungen mit ethnischen Gemeinschaften zeigten sich als Schlüsselfaktoren für erfolgreiche Anpassung in diesem Kontext. Die Ergebnisse dieser Literaturarbeit betonen die Notwendigkeit einer multidimensionalen Sichtweise des Konzeptes Resilienz. Zwei Interventionsprogramme wurden gefunden, deren Ziel die Stärkung von Schutzfaktoren und Resilienz ist. Folglich werden Empfehlungen für Interventionen in Flüchtlingscamps diskutiert. Limitationen dieser systematischen Literaturarbeit und Implikationen für zukünftige Forschung werden debattiert.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. It is also well recognized that the incidence of CVD is substantially increased in postmenopausal women due to the loss of estrogen. Experimental and clinical data support vascular protective effects of estrogen by various mechanisms. However, administration of estrogen is also associated with an increased incidence of heart disease which limits its therapeutic potential. Given the demonstrated risks of conventional estrogen therapy, a search for novel, cost-effective, alternative vasoactive agents for prevention of CVD is of major importance in the effort to decrease the burden of CVD morbidity. Genistein, a major soy isoflavone, may be one of those alternative agents because of its selective affinity to estrogen receptor-beta and various beneficial effects on CVD. However, the mechanism of the cardioprotective effects of genistein is still unclear. The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate the effect of genistein on the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) both in vitro and in vivo; (2) to define the mechanism by which genistein regulates eNOS expression; and, (3) to examine whether genistein protects against tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced apoptosis in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). The results demonstrated that genistein, at physiologically achievable concentrations (1-10 μM) in individuals consuming soy products, enhanced the expression of eNOS protein and subsequently elevated nitric oxie (NO) synthesis in both HAECs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, concomitant with the increased eNOS mRNA expression (2.6-fold of control) and eNOS promoter activity, suggesting that genistein activates eNOS transcription. Furthermore, dietary supplementation of genistein to spontaneously hypertensive rats restored aortic eNOS levels, improved aortic wall thickness, and alleviated hypertension, confirming the biological relevance of the in vitro findings. However, the effects of genistein on eNOS and NO were not mediated by activation of estrogen signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt kinase, protein kinase C or inhibition of typrosine kinases, but possibly through activating the cAMP/protein kinase A/cAMP responsive elemant binding protein pathway. These data suggest that genistein has direct genomic effects on the vascular wall that are unrelated to its known actions, leading to increase in eNOS expression and NO synthesis, thereby improving vascular homeostasis. We also found that genistein (5-10 μM) significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced apoptosis in HAECs as determined by caspase-3 activation, apoptotic cell detection and DNA laddering. The anti-apoptotic effect of genistein was associated with an enhanced expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein and its promoter activity that was ablated by TNF-α. Moreover, this anti-apoptotic effect of genistein was not mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, protein kinase A, or estrogen receptor. However, inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) by SB203580 completely abolished the cytoprotective effect of genistein, suggesting that genistein acted through the p38-dependent pathway. Accordingly, stimulation of HAECs with genistein resulted in rapid and dose-dependent activation of p38. Unlike TNF-α which specifically activated p38α, genistein selectively induced phosphorylation of p38β, suggesting that p38β, but not p38α, is essential for the cytoprotective effect of genistein. These findings provide the evidence that genistein acts as a survival factor for vascular ECs to protect cells against apoptosis via activation of p38β. Taken together, the resuls of the present study suggest that genistein can act directly on vascular ECs, improves endothelium homeostasis by promoting eNOS expression and endothelial-derived NO synthesis through activating the cAMP/PKA/CREB cascade, and protects against TNF-α-induced apoptosis via activation of p38 β. These data potentially provide a basic mechanism underlying the physiological effects of genistein in the vasculature. / Ph. D.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(薬科学) / 甲第25223号 / 薬科博第185号 / 新制||薬科||21(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院薬学研究科薬科学専攻 / (主査)教授 山下 富義, 教授 小野 正博, 教授 寺田 智祐 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

Amoebae are commonly studied to understand embryogenesis, and the best-characterized amoebozoan species is Dictyostelium discoideum (Dd). Dd has a very simple life cycle with a range of developmental stages, among which we are most interested in the stage of a migrating slug. It has been observed that different sizes of Dd slugs maintain a proportional distribution of prestalk cells and prespore cells: prestalk cells occupy the anterior 20% of the slug, while prespore cells occupy the posterior 80%. However, it remains unknown how the migrating slug forms and preserves this anterior-posterior proportional pattern under so many different dynamics including cell movement, signaling, and cell differentiation. Therefore, we constructed a mathematical model to simulate the cell movement and chemical distribution during slug migration, and we conducted numerical experiments to explore possible factors for this pattern. In particular, we divided the problem of interest into the following three parts to be investigated. (1) differential motion: the ability of prestalk cells to move through all the prespore cells and stay in the anterior region of the slug; (2) signaling: how cells of different types produce, receive, and respond to the signals in the environment; (3) cell differentiation: how prestalk and prespore cells differentiate into each other under the regulation of signaling. We finally combined and balanced these mechanisms appropriately to achieve the desired patterns observed in migrating slugs.