The topic of this master thesis is working out of a business plan focused on an establishment of a new company, dealing with arranging of sport camps. Is is emphasized on alternative financial development.

L’AMPc est un messager important de la régulation neurohormonale du cœur. En activant ses effecteurs, l’AMPc régule de nombreuses fonctions cellulaires telles que l'expression de gènes, le couplage excitation-contraction et le métabolisme cellulaire. Chez les mammifères, l'AMPc est produit par une famille d’adénylate cyclases au sein de plusieurs compartiments subcellulaires solubles ou membranaires. L'existence et le rôle de la signalisation des nucléotides cycliques dans les mitochondries ont été postulés, mais n'ont pas encore été démontrés. De plus, son implication dans la régulation de la mort cellulaire est encore inconnue. Dans cette thèse, nous avons démontré l'expression locale de plusieurs acteurs de la signalisation de l'AMPc dans les mitochondries cardiaques, à savoir une forme tronquée soluble AC (sACt) et la protéine d'échange directement activées par AMPc 1 (Epac1). Nous avons montré un rôle protecteur pour sACt contre la mort cellulaire, l'apoptose, ainsi que la nécrose de cardiomyocytes primaires. Lors de la stimulation par du bicarbonate (HCO3-) et du Ca2+, la sACt produit de l’AMPc, qui à son tour stimule la consommation d'oxygène, une augmentation du potentiel mitochondrial de membrane (ΔΨm) et la production d'ATP. L’AMPc est limitant pour l’entrée matricielle de Ca2+ via l’uniport calcique mitochondrial (MCU) et, en conséquence, prévient la transition de perméabilité mitochondriale (MPT). En outre, dans les mitochondries isolées de cœurs de rats défaillants, la stimulation de la voie de l'AMPc par le HCO3- prévient la sensibilisation des mitochondries au Ca2+. Nous avons également constaté que les familles de phosphodiestérases (PDE), PDE2, 3 et 4, sont exprimées dans les mitochondries cardiaques régulant le taux d’AMPc. Ainsi, ces protéines forment une voie de signalisation locale dans la matrice régulant la fonction mitochondriale cardiaque. Finalement, notre étude a permis d’identifier un lien entre l'AMPc mitochondrial, le métabolisme, certaines PDEs et la mort cellulaire dans le cœur, qui est indépendant de la signalisation AMPc cytosolique. Ceci pourrait constituer un nouveau mécanisme cardioprotecteur via la préservation de la fonction mitochondriale dans un contexte physiopathologique. / CAMP is an important messenger in neurohormonal regulation of the heart. By activating its effectors, cAMP regulates many cellular functions such as gene expression, excitation-contraction coupling and cellular metabolism. In mammals, cAMP is produced by a family of adenylyl cyclase with various subcellular locations and membrane anchorage. The existence and role of cyclic nucleotide signaling in mitochondria has been postulated, but has not yet been demonstrated. Moreover, its implication in the regulation of cell death is still unknown. In this thesis, we demonstrated the local expression of several actors of cAMP signaling within cardiac mitochondria, namely a truncated form of soluble AC (sACt) and the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 1 (Epac1) and showed a protective role for sACt against cell death, apoptosis as well as necrosis, in primary cardiomyocytes. Upon stimulation with bicarbonate (HCO3-) and Ca2+, sACt produces cAMP, which in turn stimulates oxygen consumption, increased the mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) and ATP production. cAMP is rate-limiting for matrix Ca2+ entry via the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and, as a consequence, prevented mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT). In addition, in mitochondria isolated from failing rat hearts, stimulation of the mitochondrial cAMP pathway by HCO3- rescued the sensitization of mitochondria to Ca2+-induced MPT. We also found that PDE2, 3 and 4 families are located in cardiac mitochondria. They form a local signaling pathway with soluble AC in the matrix, which regulates cardiac mitochondrial functions. Thus, our study identifies a link between mitochondrial cAMP, mitochondrial metabolism, some PDEs and cell death in the heart, which is independent of cytosolic cAMP signaling. This might constitute a novel cardioprotective mechanism through mitochondrial function preservation in pathophysiological conditions.

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The thesis focuses on contrastive analysis of Soviet prison and labour camp literature published in anthology Jen jeden osud. The Czech version of this compilation was translated in 2009. The main task is to explore the adequacy of employed methods and approaches in translation. The thesis consists of two parts. The first part is focused on detailed analysis of original anthology and its translation to Czech. It explores types of memoirs containing the Russian anthology Доднесь тяготеет (Dodnes tyagoteyet (2004)), its variability of literary genres and its time radius. Then it analyses, how these criteria are reflected in the Czech version of anthology. The second part is focused on contrastive analysis of two selected memoirs from Yekaterina Olitskaya На Колыме (Na Kolyme) and Yuriy Fidelgolts Беспредел (Bespredel). Analysis focuses mainly on different category of prisoners, i.e. division on political and criminal prisoners and different classes of criminal prisoners. The important part was dedicated to the analysis of the author's style and its reflection into the target language.

En un mercado tan competitivo, día a día se busca resaltar cualidades de una organización que marquen la diferencia, es por eso que la empresa MACLEHI, mediante su área de geosintéticos, ha decidido ejecutar el proyecto de “impermeabilización de techos en campamentos mineros aplicando los Estándares Globales del PMI” ubicado en la zona andina de nuestro País, la cual busca brindar su servicio especializado. Nuestros entregables a realizar son los siguientes: Trabajos preliminares. Impermeabilización de techos nuevos. Impermeabilización por cambio de material. Reparaciones. Dirección de proyectos. El proyecto será ejecutado en un plazo de 150 días y la inversión inicial requerida, será de S/. 1, 644,480.68 nuevos soles, donde el 60% de la inversión será asumida por socios de la empresa y el 40% será obtenido mediante un préstamo bancario. Hemos aplicado el concepto de Caso de Negocio, lo que nos ha permitido estimar que nuestro VAN es de S/. 74,382.88, nuestra TIR es de 41% generando rentabilidad a nuestro proyecto y es mayor a nuestra tasa de costo del proyecto (WACC) que es de 13.36% que es promedio ponderado, tanto de la deuda bancaria, como el capital propio que se invertirá en el inicio del proyecto. La aplicación de los Estándares Globales del PMI y el cálculo que se determina según el VAN y la TIR, además de los otros indicadores financieros; nos da la viabilidad positiva para continuar el proyecto de la empresa MACLEHI ya que cumple con el objetivo de crear valor a la empresa y obtener rentabilidad. Observaciones: En el proyecto no se desarrolló la Línea Base para Medir el Desempeño por el nivel de madurez de la empresa. / In such a competitive market, every day we seek to highlight qualities of an organization that make a difference, that is why the MACLEHI company, through its geosynthetics area, has decided to carry out the project of “waterproofing roofs in mining camps applying the PMI Global Standards ” Located in the Andean area of ​​our Country, which seeks to provide its specialized service. Our deliverables to be carried out are the following: Preliminary work. Waterproofing of new roofs. Waterproofing due to material change. Repairs. Project management. The project will be executed within a period of 150 days and the initial investment required will be S /. 1, 644,480.68 nuevos soles, where 60% of the investment will be assumed by partners of the company and 40% will be obtained through a bank loan. We have applied the Business Case concept, which has allowed us to estimate that our VAN is S /. 74,382.88 our TIR is 41% generating profitability for our project and is higher than our project cost rate (WACC) which is 13.36%, which is weighted average, both of the bank debt, and the equity that will be invested in the start of the project. The application of the PMI Global Standards and the calculation that is determined according to the VAN and the TIR, in addition to the other financial indicators; It gives us the positive viability to continue the project of the MACLEHI company since it fulfils the objective of creating value for the company and obtaining profitability. Observations: The project did not develop the Baseline to Measure Performance due to the maturity level of the company. / Trabajo de investigación

The principle of child protection and the efforts to protect children from abuse and neglect in pre-modern societies have different notions. According to De Mause, the past was a barbaric place for children and the history of childhood is a nightmare (De Mause, 1995, p. 1). In 1989, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child outlined the fundamental rights of children, including the right to be protected from economic exploitation (Convention on the Rights of the Child: 1990). This study explores issues of Child Protection Policy in humanitarian settings, and focuses on how the outbreak of COVID-19 has affected its implementation in South Sudan Internally Displaced People (IDP) in Camp settlements. This study is underlined by the theory of Participatory Communication while making use of concepts like Communicative Competence and Community Engagement. A case study and qualitative approach method is chosen for this research because it explores  and captures the uniqueness and complexities of South Sudan IDPs Camp in “real life” contexts  through systematic inquiry and data analysis (Geertz, 1973). The primary research tool of this study makes use of both primary and secondary sources of information. Qualitative research methodology through literature review, semi-structured interviews are used to gather data from respondents because qualitative research method aligns with the aim of finding out “how” and “why” (Kulothungan & Oham, 2019, p.12). Public statements, reports, policy documents and other resources are also used. Results from the empirical data suggest that Child Protection services in IDP camp settlements have been greatly affected by COVID-19 mitigating measures because schools and Child Friendly Spaces (CFS) are not operational as before and children are not getting the maximum support and services that they need. These measures have significantly affected the wellbeing of children in key areas including education, food and nutrition, gender and mental health. The study gives crucial insights into how stakeholders can address challenges in implementing Child Protection Policies during a global pandemic and in humanitarian settings.

This thesis aims to define the scope of Article 3 ECHR, concerning children with traumas in registration and identification camps. The interpretation of the scope of Article 3 ECHR is based on a case study of the cases Khan v France and J.R. and Others v Greece. The result of the case study in conjunction with relevant legislation is applied to the Mavrovouni camp in Lesvos, Greece. The normative approach in this thesis is combined with hermeneutic analysis. The case study shows that inadequate housing conditions are unlikely to violate Article 3 ECHR. Nonetheless, the threshold of Article 3 ECHR is broader when children are subject to the conditions. Children are internationally recognized as more vulnerable, especially when they are traumatized. In conclusion, it is to say that a violation of Article 3 ECHR can be made out in the Mavrovouni camp concerning children that live in the camp.

Since the end of the 1990s, the number of forcibly displaced people has increased from 33 million to 80 million at the end of 2019. The living conditions within the refugee camps have progressed beyond emergency assistance, with the main objective being to provide short-term protection in refugee camps designed for short-term stays. However, the average time spent in a refugee camp is 20 years, and refugees often lack food security and power supply to meet basic needs such as cooking or lighting. Refugee settlements are stressful and unstable environments, especially for women and girls, who are vulnerable to various sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) forms. A systematic literature review of eight peer-reviewed articles and seven semi-structured interviews are used in this study to assess the effectiveness of humanitarian energy initiatives in reducing SGBV against women in refugee camps. In this thesis, a feminist lens is used to shed more light and unlock place-based challenges to sustainable energy solutions. Our study's findings indicate that establishing a link between sexual and gender-based violence and energy is difficult, and we cannot rule out the possibility of an existing link. We assert, however, that the most effective approach to reducing SGBV among refugee women is not through energy interventions but through a combination of mixed long-term solutions that address the root causes of violence.

The aim of following thesis is to demonstrate the potentials of reassessing camp into a question of method. While others have argued for the definition of camp to lie in: an aesthetic; a question of taste; the extravagant theatrical; the male gay sensibility; or as an expression of parody, this thesis suggests that camp is to be found in the performative act of readings. With emphasis on ‘decoding language’, ‘the signifier/signified’ and ‘the camp eye’ I will argue for the relevance of ‘camp as method’ and situate former stated in relation to Bhabha’s concept of ‘conversational art’; a deconstructional examination of values of aesthetic experiences set into dialogue. Demonstrating for such conceptualization three theoretical approaches and themes will be outlined. First, a historical overview of camp followed by a reassessment of camp into a method. Second, an examination of possible extensions to the concept of rereading strategies within camp, including theories on queer phenomenology; queer space and time; topias and non-places; theories of curatorial methods and its agencies. And last, I will do an analysis of Moyra Davey’s video Hemlock Forest and show how Davey’s use and reference towards Chantal Akerman can be read as camp and constitutes ‘camp as method’ according to suggested reassessment.

Die vorliegende Arbeit ist Teil eines Stoffwechselmodellierungsprojektes von Escherichia coli K-12. Grundlage dieses Projektes ist ein neuartiges Konzept, welches das zelluläre System in funktionelle Einheiten einteilt. Eine wichtige Einheit stellt die Nahrungssuche dar, die alle Gene und Genprodukte, die im Zusammenhang mit dem Kohlenstoff-Katabolismus, der Glykolyse/Glukoneogenese und der Energiegewinnung stehen, beinhaltet. Die Definition von funktionellen Einheiten erfolgt nach drei Kriterien: Gemeinsames physiologische Ziel Gemeinsame genetische Einheit Gemeinsames Signaltransduktionsnetzwerk. Eine besondere Stellung innerhalb der funktionellen Einheit Nahrungssuche nimmt das PEP zu Pyruvat Verhältnis ein. Es verbindet die Glykolyse/Glukoneogenese mit den PTSs und dem TCA-Zyklus. Die Zelle hat die Möglichkeit über dieses Verhältnis die katabolischen Aktivitäten zu messen und diese Informationen in einen intrazellulären Spiegel des Alarmons cAMP umzusetzen, durch den die Zelle der katabolischen Situation angemessen reagieren kann. Das Verhältnis von PEP zu Pyruvat wurde im Zuge dieser Arbeit weitergehend untersucht: 1) Das Verhältnis sollte von außen durch die Zugabe von Pyruvat verändert und die Reaktion auf die Phosphotransferasesysteme anhand des Phosphorylierungszustandes der PTS-Komponente EIIACrr verfolgt werden. 2) Das Verhältnis von PEP zu Pyruvat wird direkt durch die Enzyme EI, PEP-Synthase und Pyruvat-Kinase A und F eingestellt. Die Glykolyse/Glukoneogenese Enzyme wurden anhand ihrer Genexpression genauer Untersucht.