Submitted by (ana.araujo@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-21T17:52:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Samy Pimenta.pdf: 1905032 bytes, checksum: 1c5ddcfa4def3c2237835c46f3e2fc4e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-21T17:52:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Samy Pimenta.pdf: 1905032 bytes, checksum: 1c5ddcfa4def3c2237835c46f3e2fc4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-24 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The present study aimed to estimate genetic parameters and predict the genotypic values for different characters involved in commercial sweet pepper hybrids, verifying the adaptability and genotypic stability in the conventional tillage and organic, in order to identify the best performing hybrids for each type of system. The experiments were conducted at the Experimental Station of Luiz Jorge Gama Wanderley - IPA, located in the Greater Region Mata, in Vitoria de Santo Antão - PE, from October 2010 to March 2011. Seven commercial hybrids were evaluated in two cropping systems. The experimental design was randomized blocks with seven treatments, six replications and plots consisting of eight useful plants. There are evaluated the following agronomic variables: total weight of fruits (MTF), total number of fruits (NTF), average length of fruit (CMF), average fruit diameter (MFD), number of locules of the fruit (NL) and thickness middle pericarp (PE). The estimation of genetic parameters and prediction of genotypic values were performed in mixed models via REML / BLUP, using the statistical model and software SELEGEN 21 for individual analysis and the statistical model 151 for the joint analysis of the systems. Selection index based on the sum of the ranks or index Mulamba and Mock (IMM) were used. All characters showed good accuracy in the three tests performed. In conventional systems it was found that the estimates of measure heritability were high for hybrid characters NTF and MTF, ranging from 0.69 to 0.80. For the other traits the average heritability was considered very high, above 90% for CMF, DMF and EP and 89% for the NL character. From the selection index obtained the classification of hybrids with improved performance, the hybrid Solario (Clause), followed by the Atlantis hybrid (Topsed), with absolute sum values equivalent to 10 and 14, respectively. In the organic, system considering the estimates heritability of the average genotype (h2mc), it appears that these were high for the characters TFP and NF respectively, ranging from 0.61 to 0.70. For the others characters evaluated, h2mc was considered high, above 90% for CMF, DMF and EP and 89% for the NL character. Hybrids 1, 5, 7 and 6 showed genotypic values above the average for the characters NTF. For TFP, the hybrids 7, 1, 5 and 2, showed production above the average in this system. By using IMM it was obtained the order of the hybrids with best performance in this system. The Atlantis hybrid (Topsed) and Solario (Clause), with the same sum values, were considered the best ares. In the analysis of two systems the heritability of average genotype (h2mg) was below 80% only for the character NTF, some characters had h2mg close to 100% as CMF and DMF, 99.1% and 98.3% respectively. The genetic correlation between the performance of hybrid systems shows high values of magnitude, indicating that the interaction genotype x systems is low. The hybrid had genotypic effect predicted above average were: for NTF 1, 5, 7 and 6; 7 and 1 to MTF; CMF for 4, 5, 1, 3 and 6 for DMF 7 and 2; to NL 7, 4, 6 and 1, for the hybrid EP 7 and 2. Through IMM, Atlantis hybrid (Topsed) followed by Solario (Clause), got the best selection considering values for all traits, besides good adaptability and stability, and thus can be given for any of the cropping systems of this work. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo estimar os parâmetros genéticos e predizer os valores genotípicos envolvidos para diferentes caracteres de híbridos comerciais de pimentão, verificando a adaptabilidade e estabilidade genotípica nos sistema de cultivo convencional e orgânico, a fim de identificar os híbridos de melhor desempenho para cada tipo de sistema. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Estação Experimental Luiz Jorge da Gama Wanderley - IPA, localizada na Mesorregião da Mata Pernambucana, em Vitória de Santo Antão PE, no período de outubro de 2010 a março de 2011. Avaliaram-se sete híbridos comerciais em dois sistemas de cultivo. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados, com sete tratamentos, seis repetições e parcela útil constituída por oito plantas. Avaliaram-se as seguintes variáveis agronômicas: massa total de frutos (MTF); número total de frutos (NTF); comprimento médio dos frutos (CMF); diâmetro médio dos frutos (DMF); número de lóculos do fruto (NL) e espessura média do pericarpo (EP). A estimação de parâmetros genéticos e predição dos valores genotípicos foram realizadas na metodologia dos modelos mistos via procedimento REML/BLUP, empregando o software SELEGEN e o modelo estatístico 21 para as análises individuais e o modelo estatístico 151 para a análise conjunta dos sistemas. Foi empregado o índice de seleção baseado na soma dos postos ou índice de Mulamba e Mock (IMM). Todos os caracteres apresentaram boa acurácia nas três análises realizadas. No sistema convencional constatou-se que as estimativas de herdabilidade média dos híbridos foram altas para os caracteres NTF e MTF, variando de 0,69 a 0,80. Para os demais caracteres avaliados a herdabilidade média foi considerada muito alta, acima de 90% para CMF; DMF e EP e 89% para o caráter NL. A partir do índice de seleção obteve-se a classificação dos híbridos com melhor desempenho, sendo o híbrido Solario (Clause), seguido do híbrido Atlantis (Topsed), com valores absolutos de soma equivalentes a 10 e 14 respectivamente. No sistema orgânico, considerando as estimativas de herdabilidade da média de genótipo (h2mc), verificou-se que estas foram altas para os caracteres MTF e NF respectivamente, variando de 0.61 a 0.70. Para os demais caracteres avaliados a h2mc foi considerada alta, acima de 90% para CMF; DMF e EP e 89% para o caráter NL. Os híbridos 1, 5, 7 e 6 apresentaram valores genotípicos acima da média para os caracteres NTF. Já para MTF, foram os híbridos 7, 1, 5 e 2, apresentaram produção acima da média neste sistema. Através do uso IMM obteve-se a ordem dos híbridos com melhor desempenho neste sistema, sendo os híbridos Atlantis (Topsed) e Solario (Clause), apresentando os mesmos valores de soma, considerados os de melhor desempenho . Na análise conjunta dos dois sistemas a herdabilidade da média de genótipo (h2mg) foi abaixo de 80% apenas para o caráter NTF, alguns caracteres apresentaram h2mg próximas de 100% como CMF e DMF, 99,1% e 98,3%, respectivamente. A correlação genotípica entre o desempenho dos híbridos para os sistemas mostra valores de alta magnitude, indicando que a interação genótipos x sistemas é baixa. Os híbridos que obtiveram efeito genotípico predito acima da média foram: 1, 5, 7 e 6 para NTF; 7 e 1 para MTF; 4, 5, 1, 3 e 6 para CMF; 7 e 2 para DMF; 7, 4, 6 e 1 para NL; os híbridos 7 e 2 para EP. Através do IMM, o híbrido Atlantis (Topsed) seguido do Solario (Clause), obteve os melhores valores para seleção considerando todos os caracteres avaliados, alem de boa adaptabilidade e estabilidade, podendo assim serem indicados para qualquer um dos sistemas de cultivo deste trabalho.

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2017-03-14T16:00:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Kesia Ferreira Alves.pdf: 466143 bytes, checksum: 66630edcc98b43dfb320ee8189581aa0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-14T16:00:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kesia Ferreira Alves.pdf: 466143 bytes, checksum: 66630edcc98b43dfb320ee8189581aa0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-28 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Anthracnose is considered an important disease of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in the state of Pernambuco and in various parts of the world, causing significant losses for fruit commercialization. Actions directed to preventive measures such as alternative control, are of great importance through the exploration of secondary compounds present in medicinal plants with antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to, assess the efficiency of crude extracts in the control of anthracnose in bell pepper, and analyze the control stability of promising treatments in relation to different extract, inoculum, temperature and pathogen isolates concentrations. In preliminary selection, 16 plant species were used in order to obtain aqueous and hidroalcoólico extracts. The aqueous extracts of garlic (Allium sativum L.), Mallow (Malva sp.), and ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe.) showed greater than 97% reductions in disease severity levels. The greatest value of CL75 was found for the garlic extract (3.5%), while the lowest value of CL75 was verified with the application of the ginger extract (2.1%). The lowest rate of efficiency reduction of the anthracnose control (TRE) with the pathogen inoculum increase occurred with garlic extract. With regard to different C. gloeosporioides isolates, significant interaction was found between the different extracts and isolates of the pathogen. The plant extracts were effective in controlling the disease in temperatures of 20, 25 and 30 ° C, while temperatures in the 10, 15and 35 ° C there was no disease. There were no differences in the efficiencies of garlic and ginger extracts, while the extract of hollyhock had the lower efficiency at 20 ° C, differing from the other temperatures, and other extracts at this temperature. The results obtained in this study indicate the great potential for use of the garlic extract (6%) in anthracnose control of bell pepper, considering its stability in different situations. / A antracnose é considerada uma importante doença do pimentão (Capsicum annuum L.) no Estado de Pernambuco e em várias partes do mundo, causando perdas significativas à produção de frutos para comercialização. Ações voltadas para medidas preventivas como o controle alternativo, são de grande relevância por meio da exploração de compostos secundários presentes em plantas medicinais com atividade antimicrobiana. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo, avaliar a eficiência de extratos vegetais brutos no controle da antracnose em pimentão, bem como analisar a estabilidade do controle dos tratamentos promissores em relação a.diferentes concentrações dos extratos, concentrações do inoculo e isolados do patógeno e, temperaturas. Na seleção preliminar foram utilizadas 16 espécies vegetais para obtenção de extratos aquosos e etanólicos. Os extratos aquosos de alho (Allium sativum L.), malva (Malva sp.) e gengibre (Zingiber officinale Roscoe.) propiciaram reduções superiores a 97% nos níveis de severidade. O maior valor de CL75 foi constatado para o extrato de alho (3,5%), enquanto o menor valor de CL75 foi verificado com a aplicação de extrato de gengibre (2,1%). A menor taxa de redução da eficiência do controle (TRE) da antracnose com o incremento do inóculo do patógeno ocorreu no extrato de alho. Com relação a diferentes isolados de C. gloeosporioides, foi constatada interação significativa entre os tipos de extratos e os isolados do patógeno. Os extratos vegetais foram eficientes no controle da doença nas temperaturas de 20, 25 e 30 oC, enquanto nas temperaturas 10, 15 e 35 °C não houve doença. Não houve diferenças nas eficiências dos extratos de alho e gengibre, enquanto o extrato de malva apresentou a menor eficiência a 20 oC, diferindo das outras temperaturas, bem como dos demais extratos nessa temperatura. Os resultados obtidos nesse estudo indicam o grande potencial de utilização do extrato de alho a 6% no controle da antracnose em pimentão, considerando sua estabilidade em diferentes situações.

Pythium root rot caused by Pythium aphanidermatum, a destructive disease of sweet pepper and other hydroponic crops, is characterized by root browning (necrosis) and reduces growth of roots and shoots. Serious losses in crop productivity are common, in part for lack of adequate control measures. Severe root rot has been previously associated with episodes of high temperature, but whether this is due to high temperature effects on the host, the pathogen, or their interaction remains unclear. To clarify these relationships, and to provide a basis for predicting rapid increases in root rot, quantitative experiments were conducted to determine how episodes of high root-zone temperature are associated with root browning. Pepper plants were grown separately in hydroponic units containing aerated nutrient solution positioned in temperature-controlled water baths. The root zone temperature was 23°C except during high temperature treatments. Browning developed progressively earlier in roots that were maintained at 33°C for 9 to 144 h immediately before they were inoculated with zoospores of P. aphanidermatum, and in all instances earlier than in control plants maintained continuously at 23°C. The data demonstrated unequivocally that high root-zone temperature can predispose pepper plants to Pythium root rot. Browning also developed earlier when root inoculation with P. aphanidermatum was delayed as long as 216 h following exposure at 33°C for 72 h, indicating that predisposition of the host by high temperature episodes can persist for at least 9 days. The ability of Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain 63-28 to suppress Pythium root rot and promote plant growth was investigated in pepper plants grown in the hydroponic units and predisposed to the disease, i.e. plants were predisposed to high temperature (33°C for 72 h ending at 3 days before inoculation) or not predisposed (constant 23°C). When P. chlororaphis was applied in the nutrient solution at a final density of 107 CFU mL-1 7 days before the high temperature episode, the agent delayed root browning, re-mediated predisposition to root rot, and increased growth of plants that were and were not inoculated with P. aphanidermatum. It is concluded that high temperature predisposed pepper seedlings to root rot and that strain 63-28 has substantial potential for managing root rot regardless of predisposition by high temperature.

Five separate field experiments were conducted across different environmental locations in Texas for the purpose of quantifying concentrations of different phytochemical groups (ascorbic acid, capsaicinoids, and flavonoids) within various pepper species, as well as, to identify the most optimum environment to promote expression of the aforementioned phytochemical. Depending on the particular experiment, quantitative measurements were then used in more detail in one of three ways: for identification of the most superior individuals and optimum environmental locations to express elevated concentrations of a particular phytochemical (first three experiments), to calculate heritability and % heterosis estimates for various fruit characteristics and phytochemical levels (fourth experiment), or for use in a specific biotechnology technique to potentially identify a molecular marker linked to elevated levels of ascorbic acid (AA) and flavonoids (quercetin and luteolin) (fifth experiment). In the first experiment, significant differences in fruit weight, capsaicin, and dihydrocapsaicin (DHC) were revealed in fruit tissue of five Habanero (Capsicum chinense) hybrids in comparison to a popular, commercial check (Kukulkan F1) after being grown across three different environmental locations (College Station, Uvalde, and Weslaco). Fruit grown at the Weslaco location was found to be larger and contained more capsaicin and DHC than those produced in Uvalde or College Station. While flavonoid contents were variable and low in all genotypes and locations, a few hybrids showed some potential for use in future crossing schemes to compete against the commercial check. Our results further suggested that variation in phytochemicals in fruit tissue of Habanero genotypes can be exploited by selecting in an appropriate environment. In the second experiment, analysis of four jalapeño hybrids in comparison to three commercial checks (Dragon, Ixtapa, and J1845), as well as, two cayenne hybrids in comparison to one commercial check (Mesilla) were compared after growing in three different locations (Amarillo, College Station, and Uvalde). Results demonstrated that the College Station location contributed to production of fruit containing higher concentrations of both AA and flavonoids, while those grown in Amarillo produced fruit with higher capsaicinoids. As expected, cayenne samples contained more AA and flavonoids than jalapeño samples. In comparison to the commercial jalapeño checks, all jalapeño hybrids generally expressed less capsaicinoids. With respect to AA and flavonoid concentrations, a few jalapeño hybrids proved to have some potential to compete against their respective commercial cultivars. For the cayenne market, one genotype revealed its potential use in mild markets and for farmers interested in a new hybrid expressing both appreciable levels of phytochemicals, as well as, more visually aesthetic attributes. Statistical analyses from the third experiment found all the F-values for each characteristic to be significant except the Location x Genotype (L x G) component for fruit wall thickness. For this experiment, a total of 21 different C. annuum (jalapeño, Serrano, and cayenne) genotypes were evaluated after growing in two diverse environmental locations (Uvalde and Weslaco). In general, peppers grown in Weslaco produced fruit with higher concentrations of AA and capsaicinoids, with a few exceptions, while fruit grown at Uvalde generally was larger in size and contained higher concentrations of flavonoids. In comparison to their respective commercial checks (jalapeño – Dragon, Tormenta; Serrano – Halcon, Magnum45; cayenne – Mesilla), a few hybrids were arguably more desirable for their respective markets with respect to different fruit measurements, AA, capsaicinoid, and flavonoid concentrations. This evidence further suggested the potential benefit this material could have for growers interested in replacing current material in the industry and to more successfully provide consumers with a healthier ingredient to better sustain their lives. In the fourth experiment, results confirmed our hypotheses that paprika type material has higher AA and flavonoid concentrations than Serrano peppers, while the opposite is possible for capsaicinoid expression. For this experiment, our goal was to identify the relative ease of incorporating different traits of interest into an improved specimen evaluating a combination of 29 F1 paprika and Serrano pepper (C. annuum) hybrids along with 19 of their respective parents. We were also able to identify how productive certain crossing combinations were at expressing a significant amount of positive heterosis for different characteristics of interest. From our correlation analyses, we were able to identify that a significant association can exist between fruit weight and fruit diameter, as well as when other characteristics were evaluated. In all, our results were able to reveal how effective certain combinations of parent material are towards production of offspring with improved traits expressing appreciable fruit characteristics and elevated phytochemical concentrations. Finally, the quantitative measurements produced in our F2 molecular marker experiment found significant amounts of variation for both flavonoids (quercetin and luteolin) and AA expression. It was evident that incorporation of the necessary genes of interest present within fruit tissue across this F2 family for these different phytochemicals were passed from ‘Ca377’ (P1) to several of these offspring. Three candidate primers were eventually identified for their potential polymorphic expression. However, after statistically analyzing the results, only one primer was identified as expressing a significant association (although the value was still relatively low) of variability with respect to luteolin. We also identified a significant association between quercetin and luteolin, quercetin and total flavonoids (quercetin+luteolin), as well as, luteolin and total flavonoids (quercetin+luteolin) in fruit tissues of different pepper material. From our results, we were able to arguably conclude that an environmental component may serve a more essential role in activating the necessary physiological processes to produce specific secondary metabolites. Although our RAPD technique was fairly straightforward and useful, some may argue that a more reliable technique would have been better. Therefore, we postulate that success may be possible in the near future if a different molecular marker technique is used.

Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2017-06-05T17:54:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1102782 bytes, checksum: d5cebd4b1752bf958d0a60bb4034c1e3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-05T17:54:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1102782 bytes, checksum: d5cebd4b1752bf958d0a60bb4034c1e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-09-08 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / A espécie Capsicum chinense Jacq. apresenta considerável importância na agricultura brasileira por empregar mão-de-obra familiar em pequenas propriedades. Seus frutos são muito utilizados como condimento, além de apresentarem propriedades farmacêuticas, como anestésicos e antiinflamatórios. O sucesso dos programas de melhoramento de plantas depende da variabilidade genética disponível, requisito básico que possibilita seleção de genótipos com características comerciais de interesse. O Banco de Germoplasma de Hortaliças da Universidade Federal de Viçosa possui cerca de cem acessos de C. chinense com grande potencial de utilização em programas de melhoramento. Entretanto, a falta de informações sobre as características agronômicas desses acessos impossibilita sua utilização em tais programas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram caracterizar e estimar a diversidade genética em acessos de Capsicum chinense do Banco de Germoplasma de Hortaliças da Universidade Federal de Viçosa por meio da análise das características morfo-agronômicas e de DNA, utilizando marcadores moleculares RAPD. Foram avaliados quarenta e nove acessos de C. chinense quanto a características ligadas à qualidade dos frutos, características morfológicas da planta e padrão molecular. A diversidade genética foi mensurada através dos métodos de agrupamento de otimização de Tocher, bem como pelo método hierárquico UPGMA. Foi verificada a existência de variabilidade entre os acessos, cuja magnitude variou conforme a característica analisada. A concentração de capsaicina total foi responsável por 88,32% da variação total dos caracteres avaliados conforme o método de Sing, sendo, portanto, a característica que mais contribui para a discriminação da diversidade genética entre os acessos. Tendo como base a distância generalizada de Mahalanobis, os dados quantitativos formaram dez grupos, sendo os acessos BGH 1694-05 e BGH 1723-22 os menos divergentes. Os agrupamentos baseado nos dados de característica morfológica de planta formaram nove grupos, sendo os acessos BGH6371-93 e BGH 6371-94 os mais similares. O índice de dissimilaridade de Nei & Li agrupou os dados moleculares em 8 grupos, sendo os acessos BGH1714-09 e BGH 6387-100 os mais divergentes. Quando analisados os dados em conjunto, os acessos BGH 8344-86 e BGH6371-94 foram os que apresentaram maior divergência entre si. Os acessos foram mais bem discriminados pelos caracteres relacionados à qualidade dos frutos. Portanto, os acessos BGH 4733-56 e BGH 6771-93 foram os que possuíam melhores características para consumo seco e in natura, respectivamente. / The species Capsicum chinense Jacp. Presents large importance in Brazilian agriculture, because uses the family working labor in small farms. The fruits are used as condiments, for pharmaceutical purposes as anesthetic and anti-inflammatory. The success of a breeding program depends on genetic variability, which allows the selection of genotypes with commercial characteristics. The germoplasm bank of vegetable (BGH) from the Universidade Federal de Viçosa has close to 100 accesses of C. chinense with potential for utilization in breeding programs. However, the lack of information about the agronomic characteristics of the accesses diminishes the effectiveness of any breeding program. The goal of this was to characterize and evaluate the genetic diversity in the accesses of the BGH using agronomic traits and DNA analysis with RAPD markers. It was studied 49 accesses evaluating the fruit quality, morphological characteristics of the plants and molecular pattern. The genetic diversity was measured by the Tocher optimizing group and by UPGMA inheritance method. It was observed the existence of variability among the accesses, and magnitude varied with the analyzed characteristic. The concentration of capsaicin was responsible for 88.32% of the total variability among the characters evaluated by the Sing method, being the trait that most contributed for the genetic discrimination among the accesses. The Mahalanobis distance method established ten groups for the accesses, being the accesses BGH 1694-05 and BGH 1723-22 the less divergent. The grouping based in morphological characteristics established nine groups, being the accesses BGH 6371-93 and BGH 6371-94 the most similar. The index of dissimilarity by Ney & Li grouped the molecular data in eight groups, being the accesses BGH 1714-09 and BGH 6387-100 the most ixdivergent. When analyzed together, the accesses BGH 8344-86 and BGH 6371-94 were the most divergent between them. The accesses were more discriminated based on the fruits characteristics. Thus, the accesses BGH 4733-56 and BGH 6771-93 had the best characteristics for dry product and in natura consumption, respectively,

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-08-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:04:00Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_hs_dr_botfca.pdf: 1546408 bytes, checksum: d25b46b4f52200f204737b84f9ba16ae (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Avaliou-se a produtividade, o acúmulo e a exportação de nutrientes por plantas de pimentão (Capsicum annuum L.) enxertadas e não enxertadas, cultivadas sob ambiente protegido. O experimento foi conduzido de agosto de 2003 a maio de 2004 na Escola Técnica Estadual Augusto Tortolero Araújo pertencente ao Centro Estadual de Educação Tecnológica Paula Souza, em Paraguaçu Paulista, SP. Os porta-enxertos utilizados, AF 2638 e AF 2640, possuem resistência à Phytophthora capsici Leonian e Meloidogyne incognita raça 2. Os tratamentos constaram dos híbridos 'Rúbia R' e 'Margarita' sem enxertar, enxertados sobre os dois porta-enxertos e enxertados neles mesmos. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com oito tratamentos, quatro repetições e 15 plantas por parcela. As plantas foram avaliadas quanto a altura da maior haste, altura da primeira bifurcação, precocidade de florescimento, comprimento e número médio de internódios, produção e características dos frutos produzidos em 12 colheitas, massa de matéria verde e seca de folhas, caules e frutos. As análises químicas foram realizadas em uma planta por parcela aos 35, 83, 135, 178 e 213 dias após o transplante, para determinar a marcha de absorção e exportação de nutrientes. Verificou-se que os híbridos enxertados e não enxertados apresentaram produtividades médias de 132 e 153 t ha-1 para as combinações enxertadas de 'Rúbia R' e 'Rúbia R' pé-franco respectivamente e de 144 e 132 t ha-1 para as combinações enxertadas de 'Margarita' e 'Margarita' pé-franco respectivamente. O acúmulo de nutrientes não foi significativamente diferente entre plantas enxertadas e pés-francos, e a ordem decrescente dos nutrientes acumulados foi: K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S. A partir do que foi observado, concluiu-se que, nessas condições, a enxertia em plantas de pimentão não alterou seu desempenho agronômico, nem teve influência sobre a marcha de absorção de nutrientes. / It was evaluated the yield, accumulation and exportation of nutrients by sweet pepper plants grafted and non grafted, under protected cultivation. The research was carried out from August 2003 to May 2004, at the Technical School Augusto Tortolero Araújo, part of Paula Souza State Center of Technological Education, in Paraguaçu Paulista, SP, in Brazil. The rootstocks used - AF 2638 and AF 2640, are resistant to Phytophthora capsici Leonian and Meloidogyne incognita race 2. The treatments were constituted of non grafted hybrids 'Rúbia R' and 'Margarita'; grafted on two evaluated rootstocks and grafted on themselves. The experimental design was of completely randomized blocks with eight treatments, four replications and fifteen plants per plot. Five plants were sent for chemical analysis. Evaluations of the total plants height, first fork height, early blossom, length and average number of internodes, total yield and fruits characteristics of 12 harvests, fresh and dry matter of leaves, stems and fruits, were carried out. The samples for the chemical analysis were taken at the 35th, 83th, 135th, 173th and 213th days after transplantation, with the objective of determining the accumulation and exportation of the nutrients. The results proved that the grafted and non grafted plants had average yield, with the average of 132 and 153 t ha-1 for the grafted combinations of 'Rúbia R' and non grafted plants of 'Rúbia R' respectively and 144 and 132 t ha-1 for the grafted combinations of 'Margarita' and non grafted plants of 'Margarita' respectively. The accumulation of the nutrients was equivalent for grafted combinations and non grafted plants, and nutrients in decreasing order of accumulation were: K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S. It was evidenced that grafting sweet pepper plants neither its agronomic performance, nor interfered on the uptake of nutrients' absorption.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-11-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:05:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 dias_prp_dr_botfca.pdf: 1303201 bytes, checksum: ff13b531a76b1d9405f4151a52ea6f09 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), uma espécie do gênero Cucumovirus, é um dos mais importantes vírus que infecta pimentão, causando prejuízos consideráveis na produção em todo o mundo. Quando da infecção precoce, em geral, ambas a qualidade e a quantidade de frutos produzidos são afetados. O vírus apresenta inúmeras estirpes capazes de infectar pimentão, diferindo na expressão dos sintomas. CMV pode infectar mais de 865 espécies de plantas, incluindo ervas daninhas, sendo transmitido por diversas espécies de afídeos de maneira não circulativa. Inseticidas são ineficazes para prevenir a disseminação da doença em virtude da forma de transmissão do vetor. No presente trabalho, verificou-se que o CMV foi o principal vírus identificado em campo. Vinte e três isolados de Capsicum spp. foram purificados biologicamente e caracterizados através de análises sorológica, biológica e molecular. Todos os 23 isolados da coleção foram classificados no subgrupo I do CMV, induzindo mosaico sistêmico, redução do desenvolvimento vegetativo e deformação foliar em Nicotiana glutinosa e Nicotiana tabacum 'Havana 425', diferindo apenas na intensidade de sintomas. Somente 8 isolados foram capazes de causar mosaico em Vigna unguiculata. Amplificação combinada com clivagem pela enzima Msp I foi eficiente para distinguir os subgrupos do CMV, resultando em banda de 500 pb somente para a amostra-controle do CMV II, dando origem a 3 fragmentos com 190, 150 e 120 pb, enquanto todos os outros isolados permaneceram com 488 pb e sem clivagem, correspondendo ao CMV-I. Não foi detectado RNA satélite em nenhum isolado do campo. A reação ao CMV de cultivares e híbridos comerciais de pimentão é desconhecida, mas tudo indica serem susceptíveis... . / Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), a species of the genus Cucumovirus, is one of the most important virus that infect pepper, causing notable losses in pepper production worldwide. With early infection, in general, both quality and quantity of fruit produced will be affected. The virus exists as a number of strains capable of infecting pepper, differing in symptom expression. CMV can infect more than 865 plant species including many weed species and it is transmitted by many aphid species in a non-circulative manner, meaning that insecticides cannot prevent the spread of this disease. At this work, the CMV was the main virus identified in the field. Twenty-three CMV isolates from Capsicum spp. were biologically purified and characterized for serological, biological and molecular analysis. All 23 isolates from collection were found to belong to subgroup I. All isolates caused systemic mosaic, reduction of vegetative development and deformation in the leaf in N. glutinosa and N. tabacum 'Havana 425', differing in symptom intensity. Only 8 isolates were able to cause systemic mosaic in V. unguiculata. Amplification combined with Msp I cleavage was efficient to distinguish the CMV subgroups. This process resulted in a 500 pb for the CMV II control only, giving origin to three fragment with 190, 150 and 120pb, while all other isolates remained uncleaved with 488 pb, corresponding to the CMV-I isolates. It was not detect RNA satellite in a field isolates. Pepper comercial cultivars and hybrids reaction to CMV is unknowledge, but it seems to be susceptible. The identification of cultivated varieties or wild relatives of pepper that are better able to fend off attack by viral pathogens such as CMV is a critical first step towards developing resistant commercial varieties.

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da cobertura do solo e da freqüência de fertirrigação no rendimento da pimenteira Tabasco, em dois tipos de solo: Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo (franco-arenosa) e Argissolo Vermelho (argilosa), foi desenvolvido um experimento no Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz - ESALQ, pertencente à Universidade de São Paulo - USP, localizado em Piracicaba-SP, durante o período de maio de 2007 a abril de 2008. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos completos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 4 com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos da combinação de duas coberturas do solo (com plástico prateado e sem cobertura) combinado com quatro freqüências de irrigação (24, 12, 3 e 1 fertirrigação / 3 dias). O uso do plástico prateado proporcionou decréscimo a massa fresca total de frutos por planta, número total de frutos, massa média total do fruto e massa seca total de frutos, nos solos franco-arenoso e argiloso, e somente a eficiência do uso do fósforo no solo argiloso. Ainda, o mulching não mostrou efeito na percentagem de massa seca dos frutos, eficiência do uso da água, eficiência do uso do nitrogênio, eficiência do uso do potássio e eficiência do uso do NPK, no solo argiloso, além da eficiência do uso do nitrogênio, eficiência do uso do fósforo e eficiência do uso do NPK, no solo franco-arenoso. No entanto, o uso do mulching incrementou a percentagem de massa seca dos frutos, eficiência do uso da água e a eficiência do uso do potássio, no solo franco-arenoso. A maior freqüência de fertirrigação não proporcionou incremento a massa fresca total de frutos por planta, número total de frutos, massa média total do fruto, percentagem de massa seca dos frutos, massa seca total de frutos, eficiência do uso da água, eficiência do uso do nitrogênio, eficiência do uso do fósforo, eficiência do uso do potássio e eficiência do uso do NPK, nos solos franco-arenoso e argiloso. / Aiming to evaluate the effects of soil coverage and fertirigation frequency on pepper yield cv. Tabasco planted in two soils: Yellow Red Latossol (Sandy loam soil) and Red Argissol (Clay soil), an experiment was carried out at Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz - ESALQ, located in Sao Paulo estate, Brazil, from May 2007 to April 2008. The experimental design was based on a randomized complete blocks in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme with four replications. The treatments consisted of the combination of two soil coverage (silvered polyethylene film and no film coverage) with four fertirrigation frequencies (24, 12, 3 e 1 / three days). The silvered polyethylene film decreased the total fresh mass of fruits per plant, total number of fruits, fruit mean mass and total dry mass of fruits for the sandy loam and clay soil. The plastic mulching didnt show effect on the dry mass percentage of fruits, water use efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency, potassium use efficiency and NPK use efficiency for the clay soil, and nitrogen use efficiency, phosphor use efficiency and NPK use efficiency for the sandy loam.However the plastic mulching increased the dry mass percentage of fruits, water use efficiency and potassium use efficiency for the sandy loam soil. Average fertirrigation frequencies didnt increase the total fresh mass of fruits per plant, total number of fruits, fruit mean mass, dry mass percentage of fruits, total dry mass of fruits, water use efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency, phosphor use efficiency, potassium use efficiency and NPK use efficiency for the sandy loam and clay soil.

The objective of this study was to estimate the base temperature (Tb, ºC), degree day (STa, ºC day) and plastochron (ºC dia nó-1) of the development satges of the biquinho pepper cultivars. The study was conducted in the experimental area of the UFSM campus Frederico Westphalem-RS, Brazil, from August 2015 to May 2016. The experimental design was a randomized block design with factorial scheme 2x4, with two biquinho pepper cultivars (BRS Moema and Airetama Biquinho Amarela) and four growing seasons (24/08/2015, 01/10/2015, 13 / 11/2015 and 15/03/2016), with six replications. For the visual identification of different stages during the vegetative and reproductive phase, the following sub-phases were established: emergence-transplant (TR-FI), transplant-beginning of flowering (TR-IF), beginning of flowering-beginning of harvest (AN-FR), fruit-ripening-fruit (FR-MA), early harvesting (IC-PC), floral bud-anthesis (BO-AN), anthesis-fruiting. In the subphases was estimated its duration (in days), STa and Tb. The subphase Tb was calculated by the methods of the standard deviation in days, the standard deviation in degrees days, the coefficient of variation in days, the coefficient of variation in degrees day, x-intercept, and relative development. The plastochron was estimated for the vegetative and reproductive phase. For each phase, we estimated the base temperature, degree day and the emission of nodes on a plant stem. The Tb was estimated by the mean error square method (QME). The plastochron was estimated from the inverse of the coefficient of simple linear regression between the number of nodes and STa. The development was similar between the two cultivars, being dependent on the cultivation times and not on the genotype. The air temperature influences only the duration of the period for the EM-TR and TR-IF phases. Tb for the EM-TR, TR-IF, IF-IC, IC-PC phases is 16.5 °C , 14.8 °C and 20.2 °C, respectively. For the sub-phases (BO-AN, AN-FR, FR-MA) the base temperature is 20.2 °C. The STa was 446.2 °C day, 377.1 °C day, 558.0 °C day, 781.8 °C day for the phases EM-TR, TR-IF, IF-IC, respectively, and 104.0 °C day, 162.8 and 342.1 °C day for the sub-phases BO-AN, AN-FR, FR-MA, respectively. With the established phases a phenological scale was proposed that indicates the duration in days and the thermal needs in each phase. In the estimation of the plastochron base temperature as well as the emission of nodes was not influenced by the cultivar. In the vegetative phase, Tb and plastochron had on average a Tb of 16.8 ºC and a plastochron of 43.6 ºC day node-1. In the reproductive phase both Tb and plastochron were similar at the evaluated times, showing in average a Tb of 16.7 ºC and plastochron of 64.4 ºC day node-1. / O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a temperatura base (Tb,ºC), soma térmica acumulada (STa, ºC) e plastocrono (ºC dia nó-1) das fases de desenvolvimento de cultivares de pimenta biquinho. O estudo foi conduzido na área experimental da UFSM campus Frederico Westphalem-RS, Brasil, no período de agosto de 2015 a maio de 2016. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 2x4, tendo como fatores dois cultivares de pimenta biquinho (BRS Moema e Airetama Biquinho Amarela) e quatro épocas de semeadura (24/08/15, 01/10/15, 13/11/15 e 15/03/16), com seis repetições. Pela identificação visual de diferentes estágios durante a fase vegetativa e reprodutiva, foram estabelecidas a partir da emergência as subfases: emergência-transplante (EM-TR), transplante-início da floração (TR-IF), início da floração-início da colheita (IF-IC), início da colheita-plena colheita (IC-PC), botão floral-ântese (BO-AN), ântese-frutificação (AN-FR), frutificação-maturação do fruto (FR-MA). Nas subfases foi estimado sua duração (em dias), STa e Tb. A Tb das subfases foi calculada pelos métodos de desvio padrão em dias, desvio padrão em graus dias, coeficiente de variação em dias, coeficiente de variação em graus dia, x-intercepto e desenvolvimento relativo. O plastocrono foi estimado para a fase vegetativa e reprodutiva. Para cada fase foi estimada Tb, STa e a emissão de nós numa haste da planta. A Tb foi estimada pelo método do quadrado médio do erro (QME). A partir do inverso do coeficiente angular da regressão linear simples entre o número de nós e a soma térmica acumulada foi calculado o plastocrono. O desenvolvimento foi similar em ambas as cultivares, sendo dependentes das épocas de cultivo e não do genótipo. A temperatura do ar influencia apenas a duração do período para as subfases EM-TR e TR-IF. A Tb para as subfases EM-TR, TR-IF, IF-IC, IC-PC foi de 16,5 ºC, 14,8 ºC e 20,2 ºC, respectivamente. Para as subfases BO-AN, AN-FR, FR-MA a Tb foi de 20,2 ºC. A STa foi de 446,2 ºC dia, 377,1 ºC dia, 558,0 ºC dia, 781,8 ºC dia para as subfases EM-TR, TR-IF, IF-IC, IC-PC, respectivamente e de 104,0 ºC dia, 162,8 e 342,1 ºC dia para as subfases BO-AN, AN-FR, FR-MA, respectivamente. Com as subfases estabelecidas foi proposta uma escala fenológica que indica a duração em dias e as necessidades térmicas em cada fase. O plastocrono (ºC dia nó-1) e a Tb, não foram influenciados pelo cultivar. Na fase vegetativa a Tb e o plastocrono (ºC dia nó-1) mostraram em média Tb de 16,8 ºC e plastocrono de 43,6 ºC dia nó-1. Na fase reprodutiva tanto a Tb como o plastocrono foram similares nas épocas avaliadas, mostrando em média Tb de 16,7 ºC e plastocrono de 64,4 ºC dia nó-1.