Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-08-15T14:00:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscila Alves de Lima.pdf: 386365 bytes, checksum: c10829ebb9c1ec816a67234a1b24f2f3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-15T14:00:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscila Alves de Lima.pdf: 386365 bytes, checksum: c10829ebb9c1ec816a67234a1b24f2f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In arid and semi-arid regions, soil and irrigation water are usually saline, requiring special management for the soil-water-plant system. In this context, two importantaspects are studied: the crop tolerance to salinity and the irrigation management to be adopted. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the irrigation and the salinity management, using mulching and of a Fluvic Neossol cultivated with greenpepper (Capsicum annuum L.). The experiment was carried out in the UFRPE greenhouse, using a completely randomized block design, in a factorial arrangement 2 x 2 x 2, with the following treatments: two irrigation depths (L1=120% of evapotranspiration, L2=80% of evapotranspiration), two irrigation frequencies (r1 day and r2 days) with or without mulching (C and S). The adoption of depth equal to 80% of evapotranspiration, without mulching and the irrigation frequency of two days for the greenpepper in the studied conditions allowed an adequate production, preventing significant difference among the treatments for production. This result is of high importance for semi-arid regions. The use of leaching depth and two days frequency allowed an adequate leaching of salts and greenpepper production. The mulching allowed higher soil moisture at sub-surface, and contributed to the salt leaching process, producing lower average electrical conductivities of the profile, and also enabling the reduction of the total volume of applied water (depth of 80%),without reducing the production. / Em regiões áridas e semi-áridas, é comum existir solos e águas de irrigação salina, requerendo um manejo diferenciado do sistema solo-água-planta, neste contexto, dois aspectos importantes a serem estudados são a tolerância das culturas à salinidade e o manejo da irrigação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do manejo da irrigação e da salinidade, utilizando cobertura morta em um Neossolo Flúvico cultivado com pimentão (Capsicum annuum L). O experimento foi conduzido em Casa de Vegetação da UFRPE, em delineamento de blocos casualizados, em um arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 x 2 com os seguintes tratamentos: duas lâminas de irrigação (L1=120% da evapotranspiração, L2=80% da evapotranspiração), dois turnos de rega (r1 dia e r2 dias), com ou sem adição de cobertura morta (C e S). A adoção de lâmina de 80% da evapotranspiração, e sem a adição da cobertura morta e a freqüência de irrigação de dois em dois dias, para a cultura do pimentão nas condições estudadas, permitiu uma adequada produção não havendo diferença significativa entre os tratamentos para produção sendo este ponto de grande relevância para o semi-árido nordestino; O manejo com lâmina de lixiviação, em caráter intermitente (de dois em dois dias) garantiu adequada lixiviação dos sais e produção do pimentão; A cobertura morta possibilitou uma maior umidade do solo na sub-superfície, bem como favoreceu ao processo de lixiviação de sais, gerando menores condutividades elétricas médias do perfil, e ainda viabilizando a redução do volume total de água aplicado (lâmina de 80%), sem comprometimento da produção.

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-08-16T12:55:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosangela Souza de Santana.pdf: 2037380 bytes, checksum: 6e4f87191dfd1601caf5e247c6a47555 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-16T12:55:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosangela Souza de Santana.pdf: 2037380 bytes, checksum: 6e4f87191dfd1601caf5e247c6a47555 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-16 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Green pepper is one of the most economic importance in the Brazilian market, and also is a horticultural crop very exigent in soil fertility, and it is known that in Brazil the soil in a general have low nutrient content, which increase the need for use of organic and mineral fertilizers. The production of fertilizers from natural phosphate (apatite) and potash rocks (biotites) represent a microbiological process that led to increase elements availability to provide nutrients for plant growth, and it is a practical and economic process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the PK rock biofertilizer mixed with earthworm compound inoculated with free living diazotrophic bacteria (BNPK) and of the bioprotect by introduction of fungi chitosan adding Cunninghamella elegans for use in organic agriculture. In a field experiment were evaluated the effects of the biofertilizer and the bioprotect (BNPK + C. elegans) on yield and nutrient uptake by green pepper (Capsicum annuum). The changes in some soil properties of a Red Yellow Latosol of the rainforest region of Pernambuco State, Brazil, were also observed. The experiment was carried out at the Horticultural Experimental Station of the Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco – IPA during the rain season period (March-August, 2011). The study was in a factorial (8x2), in split plot design, with eight fertilizer treatments and two sub treatments (with and without crustaceous chitosan applied on leaves), with four replicates. The fertilizer treatments were: (1) FNPK conventional mineral fertilizers applied in recommended rate (RR); (2) Biofertilizer - BNPK 50% RR; (3) BNPK 100% RR; (4) BNPK 150% RR; (5) PNPK (Bioprotect with fungi chitosan from C. elegans) 50% RR; (6) PNPK 100% RR; (7) PNPK 150% RR; (8) Control treatment (cow manure – 2.4 L plant-1). The best fruit yield was obtained with PNPK and BNPK, both applied in highest rate. There was significant difference among the fertilization treatments on the nutrients uptake. BNPK and PNPK reduced soil pH and increased total N available P and available K in soil, which probable will promote residual power. In the experiment was not observed incidence of soft rot diseases and it was not possible to compare the treatments. The results focus the great potential of PK rock biofertilizer with free living diazotrophic bacteria (BNPK) and bioprotect with fungi chitosan (BNPK + C. elegans) as alternative to NPK fertilization. / O pimentão é uma das dez hortaliças de maior importância econômica no mercado brasileiro, é uma planta bastante exigente quanto à fertilidade do solo e, como os solos brasileiros apresentam, em geral, baixa fertilidade faz-se uso de adubações orgânicas e minerais, para torná-los compatíveis com as exigências da cultura. A produção de biofertilizantes de rochas fosfatada (apatita) e potássica (biotita) é um processo microbiológico que visa aumentar a disponibilidade de nutrientes para as plantas, com economia de energia e praticidade. O trabalho teve como objetivo produzir biofertilizante BNPK a partir de rochas (fosfatadas e potássicas) mais húmus de minhoca enriquecido com bactéria diazotrófica de vida livre e o bioprotetor que foi produzido a partir da inoculação do fungo produtor de quitina e quitosana no biofertilizante visando a nutrição e produtividade da planta e a resistência do pimentão a fungos patogênicos. Fontes alternativas aos fertilizantes minerais (FNPK) foram avaliadas na produtividade de pimentão (Capsicum annuum cv. All Big) e em algumas propriedades de um Argissolo da região da Zona da Mata do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Foi conduzido um experimento em campo, no período chuvoso (Dezembro 2010 – Março 2011), na Estação Experimental de Horticultura do Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco – IPA, no município de Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brasil. O experimento foi conduzido em fatorial 8x2, no delineamento experimental em parcelas subdivididas, com 8 tratamentos de fertilização e 2 sub tratamentos (com e sem aplicação foliar de quitosana de camarão), com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram: (1) adubação convencional FNPK aplicada na dose recomendada (DR) para pimentão irrigado; (2) Biofertilizante - BNPK 50 % DR; (3) BNPK 100 % DR; (4) BNPK 150 % DR; (5) PNPK – Biofertilizante Bioprotetor com quitosana fúngica (Cunninghamella elegans) 50 % DR; PNPK 100 % DR; PNPK 150 % DR; Tratamento Controle (estrume de curral 2.4 L planta-1). A melhor produtividade de frutos foi obtida com aplicação das doses mais elevadas de PNPK e BNPK. Houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos de fertilização ao que se refere a absorção de nutrientes. BNPK e PNPK diminuíram o pH do solo e aumentaram o N total P e K disponível do solo, o que provavelmente vai promover o efeito residual. No experimento não foi observada a incidência de doenças radiculares, não sendo possível comparar os tratamentos. Os resultados mostram grande potencial do BNPK e do PNPK como alternativa à adubação NPK.

Submitted by Kamila Costa (kamilavasconceloscosta@gmail.com) on 2015-08-25T13:21:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Silfran R M Alves.pdf: 2301296 bytes, checksum: 3eb3a4386b811163d5d9f74a09d18931 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-08-26T19:19:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Silfran R M Alves.pdf: 2301296 bytes, checksum: 3eb3a4386b811163d5d9f74a09d18931 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-08-26T19:27:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Silfran R M Alves.pdf: 2301296 bytes, checksum: 3eb3a4386b811163d5d9f74a09d18931 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-26T19:27:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Silfran R M Alves.pdf: 2301296 bytes, checksum: 3eb3a4386b811163d5d9f74a09d18931 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-30 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research aimed to evaluate the potential of near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) to distinguish species of the genus Capsicum, evaluate the availability of cross between subsamples of Capsicum chinense Jacq. with Capsicum annuum L. and analyze the genetic variability from genetic parameters for the characters: germination and vigor of seed germplasm of C. chinense Jacq.. To study the discrimination of Capsicum species with near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) analyzing 53 hits 4 species, and analyzed by spectrophotometer and whole dried leaves. Six spectral readings were collected per sample. The data matrix used in the analysis consisted of 500 variables (spectral bands) for the species. The results showed the variables (spectral bands) allowed the separation of four groups based on their spectral signatures and the estimated distances have identified the species C. chinense Jacq. as the most divergent demonstrating that it was possible to distinguish species of Capsicum genus using spectroscopy technique Leaf Near Infrared. For the study of interspecific hybridization were crossed thirty subsamples of C. chinense Jacq., Used as male parents and a commercial variety harsh bark Ikeda (C. annuum L.), female parent. The results showed that obtaining viable seeds and fruits in interspecific cross was possible, but the results vary according to use the subsamples. To study the estimation of genetic parameters of seed germination characters in C. chinense Jacq. 30 subsamples peppers were used in two experiments in the laboratory of seeds at the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas. The following characteristics were analyzed: germination percentage at 07 days, germination percentage at 14 days, GSI (Germination Speed Index), ATG (Average Time of Germination) and SW (Seed Weight). The results showed that the subsamples showed high genetic variability for seed germination characteristics possible to estimate the variability of the genotypes of C. chinense Jacq. through the vigor and germination and depending on the morphotype, you can select individuals through higher seed germination characteristics. / A presente pesquisa teve como objetivos avaliar o potêncial da espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo (NIR) para distinguir espécies do gênero Capsicum, avaliar a viabilidade de cruzamento entre subamostras de Capsicum chinense Jacq. com Capsicum annuum L. e analisar a variabilidade genética a partir de parâmetros genéticos para os caracteres: germinação e vigor de sementes de germoplasma de C. chinense Jacq.. Para o estudo da discriminação de espécies de Capsicum com espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo (NIR) foram analisadas 53 acessos de 4 espécies, sendo analisadas em espectrofotômetro folhas inteiras e desidratadas. Foram coletadas seis leituras espectrais por amostra. A matriz de dados utilizada na análise foi composta por 500 variáveis (bandas espectrais) para as espécies. Os resultados demonstraram as variáveis analisadas (bandas espectrais) permitiram a separação de quatro grupos a partir de suas assinaturas espectrais e as distâncias estimadas permitiram identificar a espécie C. chinense Jacq. como a mais divergente demonstrando que foi possível distinguir espécies dos gêneros Capsicum utilizando a técnica de Espectroscopia Foliar no Infravermelho Próximo. Para o estudo de hibridação interespecífica foram cruzados trinta subamostras de C. chinense Jacq., usados como genitores masculinos e uma variedade comercial Casca dura Ikeda (C. annuum L.), genitor feminino. Os resultados demonstraram que foi possível a obtenção de frutos e sementes viáveis no cruzamento interespecífico, embora os resultados variem de acordo com as subamostras utilizadas. Para o estudo da estimativa de parâmetros genéticos de caracteres de germinação de sementes em C. chinense Jacq. foram utilizados 30 subamostras de pimentas, em dois experimentos no laboratório de sementes na Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Amazonas/UFAM. Foram analisadas as seguintes características: porcentagem de germinação aos 07 dias, porcentagem de germinação aos 14 dias, IVG (Índice de Velocidade Germinação), tempo médio de germinação e peso de sementes. Os resultados demonstraram que as subamostras apresentaram alta variabilidade genética para características da germinação de sementes sendo possível estimar a variabilidade dos genótipos de C. chinense Jacq. através do vigor e germinação e dependo do morfotipo, pode-se selecionar indivíduos superiores através das características de germinação de sementes.

Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2018-06-14T13:14:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1498554 bytes, checksum: 565ae36910a01ca476eb00596e69edef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-14T13:14:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1498554 bytes, checksum: 565ae36910a01ca476eb00596e69edef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O gênero Capsicum apresenta ampla variabilidade genética. Muitas variedades de pimenta apresentam potencial ornamental, porém altura excessiva para cultivo em vasos, conforme exigência do mercado. Além da necessidade de variedades com altura adequada, algumas espécies de pimenta apresentam baixa durabilidade na fase de pós- produção, principalmente devido a exposição ao etileno. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi estimar a variabilidade genética entre cultivares de pimenta via componentes principais com posterior análise de agrupamento; determinar o efeito do paclobutrazo l (PBZ) sobre as características agronômicas e morfológicas; e avaliar a sensibilidade ao etileno durante a vida pós-produção em pimentas de vaso tratadas com PBZ nas concentrações 5, 10 e 20 mg L -1 . O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteirame nte casualizado. Doze cultivares foram primeiramente avaliadas quanto a nove características morfoagronômicas. A aplicação do PBZ foi realizada em quatro genótipos, organizando- se em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, com quatro cultivares e quatro doses de PBZ (0, 5, 10 e 20 mg L -1 ). A sensibilidade ao etileno foi organizada em esquema fatorial 11 x 4, com onze cultivares e quatro doses de PBZ. As plantas foram colocadas em câmaras fechadas e expostas à concentração de 10 μL L -1 de etileno por 48 horas. Foi realizada a contagem do número de folhas e frutos no tempo zero, 48, 96 e 144 horas após exposição ao etileno. A análise de componentes principais foi eficiente e mostrou que os dois primeiros componentes principais acumularam 70% da variância total. O método de agrupamento de UPGMA resultou na formação de cinco grupos distintos, indicando a existência de variabilidade genética entre os cultivares e mostrando que os cultivares tem potencial para serem utilizados em programas de melhoramento de pimenteiras com fins ornamenta is. Houve efeito significativo das doses de PBZ em todas as características avaliadas. A dose de 5 mg L -1 foi a mais efetiva na redução da altura da planta para o cultivar Peloteira (S. pseudocapsicum), enquanto que as doses 5, 10 e 20 mg L -1 foram melhores para Pérola Negra (C. annuum) e Rocoto Vermelha (C. pubescens) e 10 e 20 mg L -1 para Malagueta (C. frutescens). Os resultados mostraram que as espécies de pimenta respondem de forma diferente à ação do BPZ dependendo da morfologia das plantas. Nas plantas controle, o cultivar Peloteira apresentou maior resistência ao etileno, com abscisão foliar de 19% após 144 horas de exposição ao etileno. Os cultivares Peloteira, Jalapeño, Stromboli ornamental, Malagueta e Rocoto vermelha apresentaram menor porcentagem de abscisão de frutos, variando entre 9 e 36% 144 horas após exposição ao etileno. O uso de PBZ não impediu completamente os efeitos deletérios do etileno nas plantas. Porém, o cultivar Pérola Negra apresentou sensibilidade moderada, quando comparadas com as plantas controle, para abscisão de folhas e frutos nas doses 5, 10 e 20 mg L -1 de PBZ. O PBZ impediu de forma moderada, quando comparadas as plantas controle, a abscisão de frutos da pimenta Pirâmide ornamental nas doses 5 e 10 mg L -1 , e da pimenta Tabasco na concentração 10 mg L -1 . / The genus Capsicum presents wide genetic variability. Many varieties pepper have ornamental potential, but height excessive for potted, as required by the market. In addition to the need for varieties with adequate height, some pepper species exhibit low durability in the post-production phase, especially when the exposed to ethylene. Thus, the objective of the work was to estimate the genetic variability among pepper cultivars via principal components with subsequent cluster analysis; determine the effect of paclobutrazol (PBZ) on agronomical and morphological traits in peppers; and to evaluate the sensitivity to ethylene during post-production life in potted peppers treated with PBZ at concentrations 5, 10 and 20 mg L -1 . The experimental design was completely randomized. Twelve cultivars were first evaluated for nine morphoagrono mic characteristics. The application of PBZ was arranged in a factorial design 4 x 4, with four cultivars and four doses of PBZ (0, 5, 10 e 20 mg L -1 ). The sensitivity to ethylene was organized in a factorial scheme 11 x 4, with eleven cultivars and four doses of PBZ. The plants were placed in closed chambers and exposed to the concentration of 10 μL L -1 of ethylene for 48 hours. Afterwards, counting the number of leaves and fruits at time zero, 48, 96 and 144 hours after exposure to ethylene. Principal component analysis was efficient and showed that the first two major components accumulated 70% of the total variance. The UPGMA grouping method resulted the formation of five distinct groups, indicating the existence of genetic variability among the cultivars and showing that the cultivars have the potential to be used in breending programs of pepper plants with ornamental purposes. There was a significant effect of the PBZ doses in all evaluated characteristics. The dose of 5 mg/L -1 was the most effective in reducing plant height for the cultivar Peloteira (S. pseudocapsicum), while the dose of 5, 10 and 20 mg L -1 was the best for Pérola Negra (C. annuum) and Rocoto Vermelha (C. pubescens) and 10 e 20 mg L -1 for Malagueta (C. frutescens). The results showed that peppers species respond differently to BPZ depending on their plant morphology. Control plants, the cultivar Peloteira presented greater resistance to ethylene, with leaf abscission of 19%, after 144 hours of exposure to ethylene. The cultivars Peloteira, Jalapeño, Ornamental Stromboli, Malagueta and Rocoto Vermelha showed a lower percentage of fruit abscission, varying between 9 and 36%, after 144 hours of exposure to ethylene. The use of PBZ did not completely prevent the deleterious effects of exogenous ethylene on plants. However, the cultivar Pérola Negra showed a moderate sensitivity, when compared to control plants, for leaf and fruit abscission at doses 5, 10 and 20 mg L -1 of PBZ. Similarly, for leaf abscission, the red Bode pepper in the 10 mg L -1 concentration. The PBZ moderately prevented, when compared to control plants, the fruit abscission of the Pirâmide ornamental at doses 5 and 10 mg L -1 and tabasco pepper at concentration 10 mg L -1 .

Orientador: Paulo Ademar Martins Leal / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T08:44:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antoniali_Silvia_D.pdf: 749929 bytes, checksum: de2e806e4dc845d552bff95954f40b88 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: O uso de tecnologias adequadas na pós-colheita é tão fundamental quanto à produção e as práticas culturais, pois o aumento na produção deve vir, necessariamente, acompanhado de redução nas perdas e da preservação da qualidade inicial do produto hortícola. O que adianta o emprego de tecnologias para aumentar a produção se nada é feito para reduzir as perdas pós-colheita, que atingem segundo dados do Instituto de Economia Agrícola (IEA) do Estado de São Paulo cerca de 30% do produto colhido, contabilizando uma perda anual de US$ 5,1 bilhões. Entre as principais causas de perdas pós-colheita estão a falta de transporte adequado, o uso de embalagens impróprias e a não utilização adequada de frio para a armazenagem. A melhora nas operações do manejo visando reduzir as perdas pós-colheita, dada a complexidade do problema e as restrições econômicas, não será rápida como se deseja, nos países em desenvolvimento, contudo, essa é uma meta valiosa, necessária e possível de ser alcançada. Visando contribuir com a redução das perdas, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o potencial de conservação pós-colheita de pimentões amarelos 'Zarco HS¿. Realizou-se uma série de ensaios para avaliar a qualidade em diferentes graus de maturação, determinar a melhor temperatura para armazenagem através da taxa respiratória do produto, utilizar o resfriamento rápido com ar forçado em produtos embalados em duas embalagens, estudar uma metodologia para avaliar a perda de resistência à compressão durante o período de armazenagem e comparar sensorialmente produtos armazenados com produtos de supermercado. Verificou-se que o melhor método para o resfriamento do pimentão 'Zarco HS¿ é o resfriamento com ar forçado dos frutos embalados em caixas com até 7 quilos, a qual deve conter área adequada de aberturas para proporcionar uma boa troca de calor entre o ar frio e o produto, seguido de armazenamento a 5ºC e umidade relativa acima de 95%. Preservaram-se suas características por até 30 dias sem comprometer sua qualidade comercial / Abstract: The use of a good and proven post-harvest technology is as fundamental as production and culture practices. Therefore we should not only be looking at increased production, but a reduction in losses of the initial qualities of the product concerned. There is little advantage to be gained, if nothing is done to reduce postharvest losses. Accordingly, data from the Economical Agricultural Institute (IEA) in São Paulo State indicates a loss of 30% of the product harvested and would amount to an annualized loss of approx. $US 5.1 Billion. The main reasons for post-harvest losses are lack of adequate transportation, the use of unsuitable packaging and inadequate cooling while in transit or storage. Due to difficulties associated with transport, storage and handling in developing countries, including economic limitations, progress will not be as fast as one would wish. However it is possible, indeed necessary to reduce those losses. The objective of this work is to reduce loss and to evaluate the potential postharvest gains in better transport, storage and handling thereby reducing losses and an increase in saleable product. The product in this case study is "Zarco HS" yellow pepper. Several studies have evaluated the benefit of different degrees in ripening, in addition to determine the best storage temperature product respiratory tracks, to introduce fast cooling with forced air for packaged products in two packages to study a methodology determine and evaluate compression resistances loss during periods of storage and to compare product sensorial storage with products from supermarket shelves. Evaluations established that the best method for ¿Zarco HS¿ peppers is forced cooling air on packaged fruit in boxes with a maximum weight of 7 kg, with sufficient area to allow a good heat exchange between cold air and product. Storage of the product should be at 5ºC and a relative humidity of over 95%. The product retained it's characteristics for a maximum of 30 days without depletion of it's commercial quality / Doutorado / Tecnologia Pós-Colheita / Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola

Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero Agrónomo Mención Fitotecnia / Se trabajó con una población de 29 accesiones de Capsicum pertenecientes a una colección del banco de germoplasma del Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA) con el objetivo de encontrar un grado de variabilidad que le permita formar parte de la base de un programa de mejoramiento genético. Se analizaron las accesiones basándose en características cualitativas y cuantitativas, medidas en condiciones de campo propias del cultivo para así poder obtener una mejor imagen individual y en conjunto de las accesiones estudiadas. Los mayores coeficientes de variación se observaron en la masa de fruto con un 105,7%, y en el número de frutos por planta con un 90,9%. Los datos obtenidos fueron sometidos a un análisis de componentes principales que produjo grupos, que en cierta medida, coinciden con la clasificación comercial que se realiza habitualmente entre los llamados pimientos y ajíes. Las primeras dos componentes principales explicaron el 77,1% de la variabilidad total en las accesiones. Las variables que más influyeron en la conformacion de los componentes principales fueron el grosor de pericarpio, la materia seca, el diametro de fruto, la masa de fruto y el largo de fruto. Además se realizó un análisis de conglomerados, esto permitió la agrupación de las accesiones que presentaran mayores similitudes en relación al conjunto de datos y la determinación del grado de esa similitud entre los miembros de cada grupo. El grado de variabilidad encontrado en las accesiones evaluadas muestra un enorme potencial para el desarrollo de distintas variedades con diferentes propósitos productivos finales. / A population of 29 accessions of Capsicum were studied from the germoplasm bank collection of the Institute of Agricultural Research (INIA) in order to find variability for a breeding program. The accessions were analyzed based on qualitative and quantitative measures under typical field conditions for the crop. Therefore , the objetive of this work was to characterize the 29 lines in order to get more information of the studied accessions individually and altogether. The highest coefficients of variation were observed in fruit weight with a 105.7%, and in number of fruit per plant with a 90.9%. Data were subjected to principal component analysis followed by hierarchical agglomerative clustering; the first, match up the commercial classification usually done between peppers and chiles and the second, allowed matching up similar accessions establishing the amount of similarity between the members of each group. The first two principal components explain 77,1% of the total variability in the accessions. The variables that most influenced the conformation of the principal components were pericarp thickness, dry matter, fruit diameter, fruit weight and fruit length. The amount of variability found showed great potential for the development of different varieties with different production purposes.

京都大学 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(農学) / 乙第13529号 / 論農博第2910号 / 新制||農||1096(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R5||N5425(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科農学専攻 / (主査)教授 中﨑 鉄也, 教授 土井 元章, 教授 樋口 浩和 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

Hot peppers are gaining popularity in the United States as both a vegetable and a spice. In 2008, jalapeño peppers were involved in a multistate outbreak of Salmonella Saintpaul. This is the first outbreak implicating jalapeño as a vehicle for foodborne illness. Hot peppers contain many compounds thought to possess antimicrobial characteristics. This research was conducted to provide more information on the interactions of pathogenic bacteria and jalapeño peppers, as well as to identify properties of Capsicum annuum that affect bacterial survival, growth, and inhibition. Behavior of pathogens associated with jalapeños was investigated by inoculating jalapeño fruits with a cocktail of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica, or Escherichia coli O157:H7 on the intact external surface, injured external surface, or intact internal cavity and storing the jalapeños at 7°C or 12°C. Intact external jalapeñosurfaces did not support the growth of the bacteria tested under storage conditions of 7°C. However, L. monocytogenes populations remained detectable throughout the 2 week study. At 7°C, pathogenic bacteria were able to survive but not grow on injured and internally inoculated jalapeño, but populations increased at 12°C (p=0.05). The most supportive growth environment for the pathogenic bacteria was the internal cavity of jalapeño held at 12°C. This study demonstrated the importance of intact uninjured produce and proper storage temperatures for food microbial safety. Inhibitory properties of jalapeños were studied by making extracts from fresh jalapeño peppers to test for antimicrobial activity. A disk diffusion assay determined that the extracts were capable of inhibiting the growth of the pathogenic bacteria tested. Listeria monocytogenes was especially sensitive to the extracts. jalapeño extracts were fractionated using HPLC and used for inhibition assays using disk diffusion and growth curve generation. Two fractions stimulated bacterial growth (p=0.05), while two other fractions inhibited bacterial growth. The inhibitory fractions were separated further using HPLC and tested for antimicrobial activity. Fraction E1 suppressed the growth of L. monocytogenes. HPLC-MS analysis revealed that Fraction E1 contained compounds known as capsianosides. To prove that inhibition is caused by capsianoside(s) and determine minimum inhibitory concentrations, a method to isolate the pure compound should be developed. / Ph. D.

Many factors influence the efficiency of muscle growth including genetics, nutrition, and environment. The neonatal period is characterized as a time of rapid growth. Growth rate is reduced during neonatal nutrient restriction possibly due to altered satellite cell activity which can permanently alter growth potential. Therefore, optimal nutrition is important for maximizing the growth potential of the animal. Heat stress leads to changes in digestion and metabolism, thus alters nutrient availability to muscle. Heat stress is a prevalent problem in the agriculture industry resulting in great economic losses due to reduced growth, fertility, and increased morbidity. The use of functional feed additives is a potential strategy to mitigate these negative effects. The objective of this dissertation was to investigate nutritional strategies to improve growth in pigs during key malleable periods. Three nutritional studies were conducted to discern the optimal inclusion levels of calcium phosphate, energy, and protein in the diet to maximize neonatal muscle growth. Adequate dietary calcium phosphate was most efficient for satellite cell function which may be mediated by micro-RNA. Differentiation promoting miR-206 and correspondingly the fusion rate was highest in adequate calcium phosphate diets. Excess protein diets enhanced body and muscle growth, while deficient protein was detrimental to growth. Dietary protein treatments altered energy metabolism genes, and genes regulating protein degradation were upregulated in deficient protein diets. Dietary energy levels did not influence body weight, however feed efficiency improved with energy balance. Excess energy diets had the lowest fusion rates and the lowest differentiation promoting miR-1 expression. These data suggest that nutrient inclusion levels are important for satellite cell function and may mediate satellite cell activity through the expression of micro-RNAs. The final study sought to discern the ability of supplementation of an artificial high-intensity sweetener and capsicum oleoresin to mitigate the negative effects of heat stress on pig performance. Heat stress leads to increased body temperature and respiration and was detrimental to metabolic flexibility. Supplementation helped improve feed efficiency and maintain metabolic flexibility. These data indicate that supplementation may be an efficient strategy to mitigate heat stress. / Doctor of Philosophy / Muscle is an important tissue to consider when optimizing growing conditions in feed animals due to its function as a consumer good. Many factors influence the efficiency of muscle growth including genetics, nutrition, and environment. Fractional growth rates are highest during the neonatal period and animals require adequate nutrients to facilitate this growth. Nutrient restriction reduces growth rate and can lead to permanent changes the animals' body size and composition later in life. Therefore, optimal nutrition is important for maximizing the growth potential of the animal. While the nutrients in feed can be controlled to improve growth, other factors are more difficult to regulate. Heat stress is a prevalent problem in the agriculture industry resulting in great economic losses due to reduced growth, fertility, and increased morbidity. The use of functional feed additives is a potential strategy to alleviate these negative effects. The objective of this dissertation was to investigate nutritional strategies to improve growth in pigs during key malleable periods. Three nutritional studies were conducted to determine the optimal inclusion levels of calcium phosphate, energy, and protein in the diet to maximize neonatal muscle growth. Satellite cells are muscle-specific stem cells that help facilitate the growth of muscle. Altering the ability of satellite cells to proliferate and fuse impairs the ability of muscle to grow and repair. Adequate dietary calcium phosphate was most efficient for satellite cell function. Excess protein diets enhanced body and muscle growth, while deficient protein was detrimental to growth. Dietary protein treatments altered energy metabolism genes, and genes regulating protein degradation were upregulated in deficient protein diets. Dietary energy levels did not influence body weight, however, feed efficiency improved with energy balance. Satellite cells from excess energy diets had the lowest fusion rates. These data suggest that nutrient inclusion levels are important for satellite cell function and growth. The final study sought to discern the ability of the supplementation of an artificial high-intensity sweetener and capsicum oleoresin to mitigate the negative effects of heat stress on pig performance. Heat stress leads to increased body temperature and respiration and was detrimental to metabolic flexibility. Supplementation helped improve feed efficiency and maintain metabolic flexibility. These data indicate that supplementation may be an efficient strategy to mitigate heat stress.

Las enfermedades de etiología viral destacan por ser el principal factor limitante de las hortalizas. La estrategia más eficaz para el control consiste en la identificación de genes de resistencia y el posterior desarrollo de variedades resistentes. El principal objetivo de esta tesis se centra en el aprovechamiento y la caracterización de la variabilidad genética de las especies cultivadas del género Capsicum (C. annuum, C. chinense, C. frutescens, C. baccatum y C. pubescens). Se ha puesto a punto una plataforma de EcoTILLING que permite un cribado eficiente de la colección de entradas de Capsicum del Banco de Germoplasma del COMAV. Esta plataforma se exploró para la búsqueda de variantes alélicas de los genes eIF4E y eIF(iso)4E, implicados en la resistencia a virosis. Una colección de 31 entradas que representan distintas combinaciones de los alelos eIF4E y eIF(iso)4E se inocularon mecánicamente con el Potato virus Y (PVY) y el Tobacco etch virus (TEV). Cinco nuevas variantes del gen eIF4E (pvr210, pvr211, pvr212, pvr213, pvr214) están relacionadas con la respuesta de resistencia al PVY y al TEV. Diez microsatélites y cuatro combinaciones de AFLPs se utilizaron para caracterizar 260 entradas del género Capsicum. Se detectó la existencia de cierta estructuración intraespecífica relacionada geográficamente. C. baccatum y C. pubescens muestran un par de grupos genéticos, por un lado están las entradas procedentes de Bolivia y por el otro las entradas de Ecuador y Perú. Además, las entradas de C. chinense procedentes de Perú pudieron ser diferenciadas del resto. En este estudio las entradas de Ecuador y Perú han mostrado una diversidad elevada y similar a las de Bolivia, el cual es un importante centro de diversidad del género Capsicum. Por tanto, las entradas procedentes de estos países podrán constituir fuentes importantes de variación para ser utilizadas en los programas de mejora del pimiento. / Ibiza Gimeno, VP. (2011). Nuevas herramientas en la lucha contra las virosis del pimiento [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/11549