Bakgrund och problemformulering: Eftersom allt fler svenska företag väljer att hållbarhetsredovisa, ansåg vi att styrelsens egenskaper spelar en stor roll och ville undersöka hur de olika egenskaperna påverkar hållbarhetsredovisningen i företag. Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka och analysera hur styrelsens egenskaper påverkar hållbarhetsredovisningen. Genom att undersöka och analysera styrelsens egenskaper som innefattar kön, ålder, kulturell mångfald och besittningstid har vi tagit reda på om styrelsens egenskaper påverkar hållbarhetsredovisningen. Metod: Uppsatsen har en deduktiv ansats med ett positivistiskt synsätt för att framställa svar vad gäller våra hypoteser. Datainsamlingen genomfördes genom att vi samlade in och analyserade hållbarhetsredovisningar samt årsredovisningar. Den kvantitativa metoden genomfördes genom att vi undersökte och analyserade 120 företag som befinner sig under Large Cap och Medium Cap och samtliga företag är noterade i Stockholmsbörsen. Teori: Inom hållbarhetsredovisningen finns olika teorier som förklarar företagets hållbara utveckling och hur styrelsens egenskaper påverkar hållbarhetsredovisningen. Vidare ställs fyra hypoteser utifrån intressentteori, legitimitetsteori, institutionell teori, agentteori samt positiv redovisningsteori med syfte att förklara om styrelsens egenskaper påverkar hållbarhetsredovisningen. Analys och slutsats: I analysen prövas våra hypoteser gentemot de statistiska testerna för att se om det förekommer något positivt signifikant samband mellan hypoteserna. Därefter presenteras resultatet av hypoteserna som en slutsats. Våra resultat visar att det inte förekommer något positivt signifikant samband mellan samtliga variabler. Dock kan vi konstatera att det förekommer ett positivt signifikant samband vad gäller antal anställda på företaget, vilket visar att ju fler anställda företagen har, desto mer är företagen benägna att hållbarhetsredovisa. / Background and problem: As more and more Swedish companies choose to report sustainability, we considered board characteristics to play a major role and we wanted to explore how their characteristics affect the sustainability report. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate how board characteristics affect sustainability by studying and analyzing the companies' annual reports. Method: The study is deductive with a positivistic approach to produce answers in terms of our hypotheses. Data collection was carried out by collecting and analyzing annual reports and sustainability reports. The quantitative method consists of a study involving 120 companies listed on the Stockholm Stock exchange. All companies are under Large Cap and Medium Cap. Theory: The sustainability report contains a different perspective that explains the company's sustainable development and how the board's various characteristics affect that report. The study uses stakeholder theory, legitimacy theory, institutional theory, agency theory and positive accounting theory. Analysis and Conclusion: In the analysis we test our hypotheses against the statistical tests to see if there is a positive significant relationship between the hypotheses. Then we present the results of the hypotheses in the conclusion. Our results show that there is no positive significant correlation between all the variables. However, we have observed that there is a positive significant relationship in terms of number of employees in the company. The more employees the company has, the more they are prone to sustainability reporting.

Vaccination programs using live whole cell vaccines are presently being used to control outbreaks and to help protect flocks from field strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. The primary goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of a ts11-strain M. gallisepticum inoculation alone, and in conjunction with F-strain M. gallisepticum overlays at 22 or 45 weeks of age during lay. In this study, it was shown that a pre-lay ts11 vaccination had a broad range effect on the physiology of the commercial layer without affecting overall performance. The timing of an overlay vaccination using F-strain M. gallisepticum during lay also had varied effects on physiological parameters without affecting overall performance. This study indicates that using ts-11-strain M. gallisepticum in conjunction with F-strain M. gallisepticum does not negatively affect laying hen performance. Furthermore, this inoculation combination offers benefits above the use of those achieved through either inoculation alone

Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a utilização do farelo de pinhão manso (Jatropha curcas L.) detoxicado (FPMD) na dieta de suínos em terminação. Inicialmente foi realizado um ensaio biológico com ratos Wistar. Não foram observados (P>0,05) efeitos da adição do FPMD sobre o desempenho, pesos relativos do fígado, rins, coração, intestino grosso, comprimento do intestino delgado, bem como nas análises sanguíneas dos animais. No entanto, foi observada redução significativa (P<0,05) na digestibilidade das dietas em resposta à adição do FPMD, além do aumento linear (P<0,05: P<0,001) no peso relativo do Intestino (Intestino Grosso + Intestino Delgado) e do Intestino Delgado. Em um segundo ensaio, foram avaliados os conteúdos de ésteres de forbol (EF), fenóis totais (FT), taninos totais (TT), taninos condensados (TC), saponinas (SPN), perfil de aminoácidos, a digestibilidade aparente do FPMD para suínos na fase de terminação, além do biogás e do metano gerado pelos dejetos dos suínos alimentados com a dieta basal e com a dieta basal acrescida de 8% de FPMD. Os conteúdos de EF, FT, TT, TC e SPN observados, foram, respectivamente, 0,06 mg/g, 26,08 e 10,43 equivalente grama de ácido tânico, 0,05 equivalente grama de leucocianidina e 0,005%. Foram obtidos valores de 83,8% de matéria seca digestível aparente, 3,5 kcal/kg de energia digestível aparente, 13,5% de proteína digestível aparente, 1,5% de fibra digestível aparente e 2,3 % de extrato etéreo digestível aparente. A utilização do FPMD não afetou significativamente (P>0,05) a geração de biogás e metano pelos dejetos dos suínos. Posteriormente, foram avaliados os efeitos da inclusão de níveis (2, 4, 6, 8%) de FPMD na dieta de suínos na fase de terminação sobre os parâmetros de desempenho, características de carcaça, qualidade da carne e toxicidade. A inclusão do FPMD apresentou resposta quadrática negativa (P<0,001) no peso final, ganho diário de peso e consumo diário de ração. No entanto, não foi observada diferença significativa (P>0,05) quando comparados os resultados do tratamento controle e a inclusão de 2% de FPMD, havendo apenas redução (P<0,05) no consumo diário de ração. Nas características de carcaça, a inclusão de FPMD apresentou respostas lineares negativas (P<0,05) para o rendimento de carcaça quente e espessura média de toicinho, além de resposta quadrática negativa (P<0,05) no comprimento de carcaça, não havendo diferença significativa (P>0,05) quando comparados o tratamento controle e a inclusão de 2% de FPMD. Em relação à qualidade da carne, não houve efeito significativo (P>0,05) sobre as variáveis. Nas enzimas transaminases hepáticas, a alanina aminotransferase não foi alterada (P>0,05), no entanto, a inclusão deste co-produto ocasionou resposta quadrática negativa (P<0,05) nos valores de aspartato aminotransferase. Finalizando, foi avaliada a emissão de metano entérico de suínos na fase de terminação, alimentados com dietas com a inclusão de 2% de FPMD. A inclusão do FPMD reduziu significativamente (P>0,05) a emissão de metano entérico pelos suínos. Com os resultados, conclui-se que, embora a inclusão do FPMD tenha acarretado alguns aspectos deletérios, de modo geral, o farelo de pinhão manso detoxicado pode ser incluído em até 2% nas dietas de suínos em terminação / The pourpose of this study was assess the inclusion of detoxicated Jatropha meal (Jatropha curcas L.) in the diet of finishing pigs. Initially it was used in a biological assay with Wistar rats. The analysis of variance did not detect (P>0.05) effect of the addition of DJCM over the performance variables, being, however, observed a significant reduction (P<0.05) on digestibility of diets in response to the addition of the DJCM. The relative weights of liver, kidneys, heart, intestine and length of the small intestine of the animals fed with the different treatments did not differ significantly (P>0.05) with the inclusion of DJCM. For the relative weight of the total gut (intestines plus small intestine) and the small intestine it self, a linear increase was observed (P<0.05) due to the increased level of inclusion of DJCM in the diet. The analysis of variance also did not detect (P>0.05) effect of the addition of DJCM on blood variables, as well as in the hepatic enzymes. In a second trial, there were investigated the contents of forbol esters (FE), total phenolics (TP), total tannins (TT), condensed tannins (CT) saponins (SPN), amino acid profile, and apparent digestibility of DJCM for finishing pigs, as well as the biogas and methane generated by the waste of pigs fed the basal diet (BD) and BD plus 8% of DJCM (DB8). The contents of FE, TP, TT, CT and SPN observed were, respectively, 0.06 mg/g, 26.08 and 10.43 gram equivalent of tannic acid, 0.05 gram equivalent of leucocianidin and 0.005%. As for the apparent digestibility results obtained, it was found values of 83.8%, 3.5 kcal/kg, 13.5%, 1.5% and 2.3% respectively for apparent digestible of dry matter, energy, protein, fiber and ethereal extract. In relation to the production of biogas and methane generated by the waste products from pigs, it can be concluded that the use of DJCM did not affect significantly (P > 0.05) the production of these gases in experimental. Subsequently, it was then evaluated the effects of levels (2, 4, 6, 8%) of DJCM at the diet of finishing pigs upon the performance parameters, carcass characteristics, meat quality and toxicity of DJCM. The inclusion of DJCM presented negative quadratic responses (P < 0.001) for the final weight; daily weight gain and daily consumption of ration. Although there has been a reduction in performance depending on the inclusion of DJCM, it is important to note that when comparing treatment outcomes of control (0%) and the addition of 2% of DJCM, it was not observed significant difference (P > 0.05) for the variables final weight, daily weight gain, feed conversion and only significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the daily ration consumption. The inclusion of DJCM showed negative linear responses (P < 0.05) for warm carcass yield, average thickness of fat and loin eye area. It was found negative quadratic responses (P < 0.05) for the length of the carcass. After the specific contrast analysis comparing the control treatment (0%) and the addition of 2% of DJCM in diet, not significant difference was observed (P > 0.05) between treatments. In relation to the quality of the meat, there was no significant effect (P > 0.05). For the liver enzymes evaluation, ALT has not changed (P > 0.05) with the inclusion of DJCM, however, for AST, the inclusion of co- product caused negative quadratic responses (P < 0.05). For concluding the work, it was evaluated the enteric methane emission by finishing pigs fed with diets with the addition of 2% of DJCM. The inclusion of this co-product reduced significantly (P > 0.05) the enteric methane emissions by pigs. With the results obtained in this work, it can be concluded that, although the inclusion of DJCM may promote some deleterious aspects, in general, the DJCM may be included up to 2% in finishing pig diets.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:39:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1190104 bytes, checksum: f474d2f3823a5022633afce988da2581 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-04 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The sorption and leaching of fomesafen were evaluated in soils with different physicochemical characteristics and its persistence in a Red-Yellow Latosol cultivated with common bean in no-tillage and conventional system. The first experiment evaluated the sorption process of the fomesafen in Ultisol, Cambisol and Histosol. Besides soil, washed sand was used as an inert material for determination of the sorption ratio of fomesafen in the soil. The bioassay method was applied, using Sorghum vulgare plants as bio-indicator of herbicide presence. Plant poisoning evaluation and harvest for dry matter determination were carried out 21 days after sorghum sowing. To calculate C50, the nonlinear log-logistic model was applied and sorption ratios of the herbicide were obtained in different soils. In the second experiment it was evaluated the leaching of fomesafen in four soils: Inceptisol, Latosol with pH corrected and original, Ultisol and Histosol. To this end, we used bioassays employing the hybrid sorghum plant BRS655 as indicative of the presence of fomesafen in soils. The soils were packed in PVC columns of 10 cm diameter and 50 cm in length, marked and sectioned every 5 cm away. Was applied fomesafen at the top of the columns, at a dose of 500 g ha-1 of fomesafen. 12 hours after proceeded we simulated rainfall applying a level of water of 80 mm. Evaluations were performed poisoning plant and harvest for determination of shoot dry matter at 21 days after planting sorghum in the soil of each column. The objective of third experiment was to evaluate the persistence of fomesafen in Red-Yellow Ultisol cultivated with common bean in notillage and conventional systems, featuring two separate experiments. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications arranged in a split plot, where the plots represent the herbicide doses (0.0, 125, 250, 500 g ha-1) and subplots ages of soil collected (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135 and 150 days after herbicide application). Soil samples were collected from 15 to 15 days, in central interrows of the plots and transferred to plastic pots of 280 cm3, which was seeded sorghum as a biological indicator of the presence of fomesafen. At 21 days after emergence was evaluated poisoning of plants, on a scale where 0 (zero) representing the complete absence of symptoms and 100, death of the plant. The content of organic matter and clay of soils were the attributes that more influenced the sorption of fomesafen. Their leaching was more affected, in descending order of importance by organic matter content, texture and pH of the soil and its persistence by dose of fomesafen and plantation system. / A sorção e a lixiviação do fomesafen foram avaliadas em solos com diferentes características físico-químicas, e a persistência, em um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo cultivado com feijão nos sistemas de plantio direto e convencional. No primeiro experimento, avaliou-se o processo de sorção do fomesafen em Argissolo Vermelho- Amarelo, Cambissolo e Organossolo. Utilizou-se areia lavada, como material inerte, para determinação das razões de sorção do fomesafen. Para isso, o Sorghum vulgare, híbrido BRS655, foi utilizado como bioindicador. Aos 21 dias após a semeadura, foram realizadas avaliações de intoxicação das plantas e colheita da parte aérea para determinação da matéria seca. No cálculo do C50 utilizou-se o modelo log-logístico não linear, obtendo-se a seguir as relações de sorção do herbicida nos diferentes solos. No segundo experimento, a lixiviação do fomesafen foi avaliada nos solos: Cambissolo, Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo com pH corrigido (5,7) e original (5,0), Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo e Organossolo. Os solos foram acondicionados em colunas de PVC de 10 cm de diâmetro por 50 cm de comprimento, marcadas e seccionadas a cada 5 cm de distância. Aplicou-se o fomesafen no topo das colunas, na dose de 500 g ha-1. Após 12 horas procedeu-se à simulação de chuva, com aplicação de uma lâmina de água de 80 mm. Após 72 horas as colunas foram abertas, e o solo foi seccionado a cada 5 cm, sendo removido para vasos de 280 cm³, semeando-se o sorgo para as avaliações de intoxicação. A colheita da parte aérea para determinação da matéria seca ocorreu aos 21 dias após plantio. No terceiro experimento, avaliou-se a persistência de três doses do fomesafen em um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo cultivado com feijão, cultivar Ouro Vermelho, nos sistemas de plantio direto e convencional. Em ambos os sistemas de plantio foram aplicadas as doses de 125, 250 e 500 g ha-1 de fomesafen. A cada 15 dias foram realizadas coletas de solo e plantio de sorgo, para determinar a persistência do herbicida. A intoxicação das plantas foi avaliada aos 21 dias após semeadura. Os teores de matéria orgânica e de argila dos solos foram os atributos que mais afetaram a sorção do fomesafen. A sua lixiviação foi mais afetada, em ordem decrescente de importância, pelo teor de matéria orgânica, pela textura e pelo pH do solo, e a sua persistência, pela dose do fomesafen e pelo sistema de plantio.

Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a utilização do farelo de pinhão manso (Jatropha curcas L.) detoxicado (FPMD) na dieta de suínos em terminação. Inicialmente foi realizado um ensaio biológico com ratos Wistar. Não foram observados (P>0,05) efeitos da adição do FPMD sobre o desempenho, pesos relativos do fígado, rins, coração, intestino grosso, comprimento do intestino delgado, bem como nas análises sanguíneas dos animais. No entanto, foi observada redução significativa (P<0,05) na digestibilidade das dietas em resposta à adição do FPMD, além do aumento linear (P<0,05: P<0,001) no peso relativo do Intestino (Intestino Grosso + Intestino Delgado) e do Intestino Delgado. Em um segundo ensaio, foram avaliados os conteúdos de ésteres de forbol (EF), fenóis totais (FT), taninos totais (TT), taninos condensados (TC), saponinas (SPN), perfil de aminoácidos, a digestibilidade aparente do FPMD para suínos na fase de terminação, além do biogás e do metano gerado pelos dejetos dos suínos alimentados com a dieta basal e com a dieta basal acrescida de 8% de FPMD. Os conteúdos de EF, FT, TT, TC e SPN observados, foram, respectivamente, 0,06 mg/g, 26,08 e 10,43 equivalente grama de ácido tânico, 0,05 equivalente grama de leucocianidina e 0,005%. Foram obtidos valores de 83,8% de matéria seca digestível aparente, 3,5 kcal/kg de energia digestível aparente, 13,5% de proteína digestível aparente, 1,5% de fibra digestível aparente e 2,3 % de extrato etéreo digestível aparente. A utilização do FPMD não afetou significativamente (P>0,05) a geração de biogás e metano pelos dejetos dos suínos. Posteriormente, foram avaliados os efeitos da inclusão de níveis (2, 4, 6, 8%) de FPMD na dieta de suínos na fase de terminação sobre os parâmetros de desempenho, características de carcaça, qualidade da carne e toxicidade. A inclusão do FPMD apresentou resposta quadrática negativa (P<0,001) no peso final, ganho diário de peso e consumo diário de ração. No entanto, não foi observada diferença significativa (P>0,05) quando comparados os resultados do tratamento controle e a inclusão de 2% de FPMD, havendo apenas redução (P<0,05) no consumo diário de ração. Nas características de carcaça, a inclusão de FPMD apresentou respostas lineares negativas (P<0,05) para o rendimento de carcaça quente e espessura média de toicinho, além de resposta quadrática negativa (P<0,05) no comprimento de carcaça, não havendo diferença significativa (P>0,05) quando comparados o tratamento controle e a inclusão de 2% de FPMD. Em relação à qualidade da carne, não houve efeito significativo (P>0,05) sobre as variáveis. Nas enzimas transaminases hepáticas, a alanina aminotransferase não foi alterada (P>0,05), no entanto, a inclusão deste co-produto ocasionou resposta quadrática negativa (P<0,05) nos valores de aspartato aminotransferase. Finalizando, foi avaliada a emissão de metano entérico de suínos na fase de terminação, alimentados com dietas com a inclusão de 2% de FPMD. A inclusão do FPMD reduziu significativamente (P>0,05) a emissão de metano entérico pelos suínos. Com os resultados, conclui-se que, embora a inclusão do FPMD tenha acarretado alguns aspectos deletérios, de modo geral, o farelo de pinhão manso detoxicado pode ser incluído em até 2% nas dietas de suínos em terminação / The pourpose of this study was assess the inclusion of detoxicated Jatropha meal (Jatropha curcas L.) in the diet of finishing pigs. Initially it was used in a biological assay with Wistar rats. The analysis of variance did not detect (P>0.05) effect of the addition of DJCM over the performance variables, being, however, observed a significant reduction (P<0.05) on digestibility of diets in response to the addition of the DJCM. The relative weights of liver, kidneys, heart, intestine and length of the small intestine of the animals fed with the different treatments did not differ significantly (P>0.05) with the inclusion of DJCM. For the relative weight of the total gut (intestines plus small intestine) and the small intestine it self, a linear increase was observed (P<0.05) due to the increased level of inclusion of DJCM in the diet. The analysis of variance also did not detect (P>0.05) effect of the addition of DJCM on blood variables, as well as in the hepatic enzymes. In a second trial, there were investigated the contents of forbol esters (FE), total phenolics (TP), total tannins (TT), condensed tannins (CT) saponins (SPN), amino acid profile, and apparent digestibility of DJCM for finishing pigs, as well as the biogas and methane generated by the waste of pigs fed the basal diet (BD) and BD plus 8% of DJCM (DB8). The contents of FE, TP, TT, CT and SPN observed were, respectively, 0.06 mg/g, 26.08 and 10.43 gram equivalent of tannic acid, 0.05 gram equivalent of leucocianidin and 0.005%. As for the apparent digestibility results obtained, it was found values of 83.8%, 3.5 kcal/kg, 13.5%, 1.5% and 2.3% respectively for apparent digestible of dry matter, energy, protein, fiber and ethereal extract. In relation to the production of biogas and methane generated by the waste products from pigs, it can be concluded that the use of DJCM did not affect significantly (P > 0.05) the production of these gases in experimental. Subsequently, it was then evaluated the effects of levels (2, 4, 6, 8%) of DJCM at the diet of finishing pigs upon the performance parameters, carcass characteristics, meat quality and toxicity of DJCM. The inclusion of DJCM presented negative quadratic responses (P < 0.001) for the final weight; daily weight gain and daily consumption of ration. Although there has been a reduction in performance depending on the inclusion of DJCM, it is important to note that when comparing treatment outcomes of control (0%) and the addition of 2% of DJCM, it was not observed significant difference (P > 0.05) for the variables final weight, daily weight gain, feed conversion and only significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the daily ration consumption. The inclusion of DJCM showed negative linear responses (P < 0.05) for warm carcass yield, average thickness of fat and loin eye area. It was found negative quadratic responses (P < 0.05) for the length of the carcass. After the specific contrast analysis comparing the control treatment (0%) and the addition of 2% of DJCM in diet, not significant difference was observed (P > 0.05) between treatments. In relation to the quality of the meat, there was no significant effect (P > 0.05). For the liver enzymes evaluation, ALT has not changed (P > 0.05) with the inclusion of DJCM, however, for AST, the inclusion of co- product caused negative quadratic responses (P < 0.05). For concluding the work, it was evaluated the enteric methane emission by finishing pigs fed with diets with the addition of 2% of DJCM. The inclusion of this co-product reduced significantly (P > 0.05) the enteric methane emissions by pigs. With the results obtained in this work, it can be concluded that, although the inclusion of DJCM may promote some deleterious aspects, in general, the DJCM may be included up to 2% in finishing pig diets.

La présente étude vise à vérifier auprès d’un échantillon québécois d’adolescents agresseurs sexuels quels sont les caractéristiques personnelles et familiales avant le traitement et les caractéristiques thérapeutiques en cours de traitement associées à la récidive violente et générale. Cent quarante (140) délinquants sexuels juvéniles ayant commis au moins une infraction sexuelle à l’égard d’un enfant et ayant participé à un programme de traitement spécialisé ont fait l’objet de cette recherche. L’âge moyen des participants était de 15 ans (σ=1,5). Les données concernant la récidive ont été recueillies suite à une période de suivi moyenne de cinq ans et proviennent de sources officielles des dossiers de la Chambre de la Jeunesse ainsi que du Système d’empreintes digitales de la GRC. Au total, 37 % (n=52) des sujets ont commis à nouveau des infractions criminelles dont 3% des délits sexuels, 11% des délits violents et 23% des infractions générales. Les résultats de l’étude indiquent que certaines caractéristiques personnelles avant le traitement sont associées à la récidive violente et générale. Ainsi, les émotions négatives comme stratégies d’adaptation en situation de stress augmentent les risques de récidive violente alors que la tendance à démontrer plus de symptômes liés à un traumatisme et l’obtention d’un score élevé à l’échelle d’estime de soi de la compétence athlétique augmentent les risques de récidive générale. Aucune caractéristique en cours de traitement ne permet de prédire la récidive violente et générale. Certaines de ces caractéristiques sont toutefois associées à une diminution du risque de ces deux types de récidive. En somme, les conclusions de cette étude montrent qu’une forte proportion d’adolescents auteurs d’abus sexuels poursuivra une carrière criminelle générale plutôt que de se spécialiser en délinquance sexuelle. / The objective of this study was to determine, among a sample of adolescent sexual offenders from Quebec, which personal and family characteristics before treatment and which therapeutic characteristics during treatment are associated with violent and general recidivism. One hundred and forty (140) juvenile sexual offenders who had committed at least one child sexual abuse offence and participated in a specialised treatment program were included in the study. The mean age of participants was 15 years. (σ =1,5) Recidivism data was collected after an average follow-up period of five years and comes from official sources, namely from Youth Division records and the RCMP’s Finger Print System. In total, 37% (n=52) of subjects committed criminal offences again, of which 3% were sexual offences, 11% were violent offences and 23% were general offences. The results of the study suggest that certain personal characteristics before treatment are associated with violent and general recidivism. Using negative emotions as a coping strategy in stressful situations increases the risk of violent recidivism, whereas showing more symptoms in relation to a traumatism and having a high score on the self esteem scale good athletic skills increase the risk of general recidivism. No characteristic during treatment could predict violent and general recidivism, although some of these characteristics were associated with a decreased risk of these types of recidivism. The conclusions of this study show that a high proportion of adolescent sexual offenders will pursue a general criminal career rather than specialize in sexual crime.

Le juge est un acteur vital dans la mise en œuvre du droit de la concurrence. De ce fait, il faut reconnaitre l’importance de son rôle. Cette reconnaissance passe par la valorisation ou revalorisation du rôle que le juge est amené à jouer en matière de concurrence. Pour valoriser ou revaloriser le rôle du juge dans la mise en œuvre du droit de la concurrence, le législateur et le juge doivent faire preuve de volontarisme par le biais d'une intervention législative et jurisprudentielle. Ayant intégré les raisonnements économiques dans son approche de la matière concurrentielle, il n'existe aucune raison objective qui continue à reléguer le rôle du juge au second plan par rapport à celui des Autorités de la concurrence. Les deux institutions sont des autorités de la concurrence et l'une ne doit pas être qualifiée "d'autorité de régulation" aux dépens de l'autre. Pour ce faire, une juridicisation des Autorités de la concurrence par une intervention législative est souhaitable afin d'attribuer aux Autorités de la concurrence les compétences habituellement réservées au juge. Par exemple, prononcer la nullité d'un contrat anticoncurrentiel et l'attribution des dommages et intérêts. La structure et le fonctionnement des Autorités de la concurrence les rapprochent d'une juridiction. D'ailleurs certains les qualifient de juridictions inavouées. Il n'existe aucun obstacle juridique et d'autres exemples comme c'est dans le cas de la Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés (CNIL) qui s'est vue qualifier de «Tribunal» par le Conseil d’État au sens de l’article 6-1 de la CEDH, eu égard « à sa nature, à sa composition et à ses attributions », démontre qu'il est possible à franchir le pas, non seulement pour redonner au juge toute la place que doit lui revenir dans la mise en œuvre du droit de la concurrence, mais également pour la mise en œuvre efficace et effectif dudit droit. / The judge is a vital actor in the implementation of competition laws. Therefore, recognition should be given to the importance of its role. Recognizing the importance of the judge’s role in the implementation of antitrust laws means enhancing the role the judge is required to play to the effective implementation of competition laws. To enhance the role of the judge in the implementation of competition laws, the legislator and the judge must be proactive in taking legislative and judicial actions. Having acquired the mastery of economic reasoning in its approach to the competitive field, there is no objective reason that continues to relegate the role of the judge in second place compared to the competition authorities. Both institutions are competition authorities and one must not be qualified as "regulatory authority" at the expense of the other. To achieve this, attributing judicial caracteristics to the Competition Authorities by legislative and jurisprudential intervention is desirable by assigning them powers usually ascribed to the judge. For example, voiding of anticompetitive contracts, and awarding damages. The structure and functioning of the Competition Authorities are similar to those of a court. Moreover, some authors call them unacknowledged jurisdictions. There are no legal impediments and other examples as it is in the case "Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés" (CNIL) which has been described as "tribunal" by the french Conseil d'Etat within the meaning of Article 6-1 of the ECHR, given its nature, its composition and its powers shows that it is possible to take the step, not only to restore the Judge of all the place it deserves in the implementation of antitrust laws, but also for the effective implementation of the given laws.

No description available.

Beekeeping is an activity known worldwide. In Brazil, it has found favorable conditions for its establishment. In the State of Alagoas, where it is still a practicing of beekeeping craft, require official data on the quality of their products to become more professional. Among the bee products, bee pollen resulting from the agglutination of flower pollen and nectar with salivary substances, emerge as food for worker-bees, with therapeutic properties given its composition. It is rich in protein, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals and vitamins, phenols and growth factors. In apiaries, bee pollen is the main source of food and protection for the larvae of bees. As human food, it requires for marketing monitoring of its physico-chemical and microbiological quality, with limits established by the health legislation. In this work, it was assessed the floral origin and the physico-chemical, and possible antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, of bee pollen from three experimental apiaries representative of the mesoregions of Zona da Mata , Backlands and Seaside of Alagoas State, in the dry season of 2008/09. Physico-chemical data were submitted to tests of normality of Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk, and then the non-parametric test of Kruskal-Wallis. The pollen spectrum was more abundant in the Zona da Mata region, where 28 plant species were represented in the bee pollen - 36% of the herbaceous layer and 64% of shrub and tree strata. In the bee pollen of the Seaside and Backlands predominated, respectively, tree and shrub strata, with sampling generally monofloral in the Backlands. The total contents of protein, glucose and lipids were measured respectively by the methods of Lowry, Antrona and Bligh & Dyer. The levels of total carbohydrates did not differ significantly between the bee pollen of the different mesoregions studied. The average content of total lipids and phenols in the bee pollen of the Backlands were the largest among the three mesoregions (respectively, 4.92-7.74% and 16.22- 46.25 eq. mg Ac. Galic.g-1). The total content of flavonoids varied considerably, but was higher in samples of Backlands (45.62 ± 32.19 eq. quercetine.g mg-1), although near the sampling of the Zona da Mata (41.22 ± 21.95 eq. quercetine.g mg-1). The antioxidant potential of samples of bee pollen of Backlands was much higher than that of other samples of other mesoregions, ranging from 53.22 to 250.19 eq. mg ac. galic.g-1. The samples of bee pollen from the Seaside were the ones that showed higher protein content (1.21-3.32 eq. mg BSA.mL-1) and lower antioxidant content (10.0-103.22 eq. mg ac. galic.g-1), although in the qualitative point of view all the samples had similar flanonoid substances. The tested did not show activity against the microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Helicobacter pylori concentrations of the extracts of bee pollen of the dry season (2008/09) from all mesoregions studied. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / A apicultura é uma atividade mundialmente conhecida e, no Brasil, tem encontrado condições climáticas favoráveis para seu estabelecimento. Configura-se neste espaço o Estado de Alagoas, onde ainda é uma prática artesanal que requer dados oficiais sobre a qualidade de seus produtos para se tornar mais profissional. Dentre os seus produtos, o pólen apícola é o resultante da aglutinação do pólen floral com néctar e substâncias salivares das abelhas operárias, e desponta como alimento com propriedades terapêuticas, face à sua composição rica em proteínas, carboidratos, lipídios, sais minerais e vitaminas, além de compostos fenólicos e fatores de crescimento. No apiário, é a principal fonte de alimento e proteção das larvas de abelhas. Como alimento humano, o pólen apícola requer monitoramento de sua qualidade físico-química e microbiológica, segundo limites estabelecidos pela legislação sanitária, para sua comercialização. Neste trabalho, portanto, efetuou-se a avaliação da origem floral e da qualidade físico-química, bem como possível atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana do pólen apícola de três apiários experimentais de municípios representativos das mesorregiões do Sertão, Zona da Mata e Litoral do Estado de Alagoas, na estação seca de 2008/09. Os dados físico-químicos foram submetidos aos testes de normalidade de Kolmogorov-Smirnov e Shapiro-Wilk e, em seguida, ao teste nãoparamétrico de Kruskal-Wallis. O espectro polínico se mostrou mais abundante na Zona da Mata, sendo identificadas 28 espécies vegetais no pólen apícola dessa região, 36 % do estrato herbáceo e 64 % dos estratos arbustivo e arbóreo. No espectro polínico do Litoral e do Sertão identificaram-se como predominantes respectivamente os estratos arbustivo e arbóreo, sendo a amostragem do Sertão em geral monofloral. Os conteúdos de proteínas, glicídeos e lipídeos totais, foram mensurados respectivamente pelos métodos de Lowry, Antrona e Bligh & Dyer. Os teores de glicídios totais do pólen apícola de distintas mesorregiões não diferiram significativamente entre si. As médias do conteúdo de lipídios e de fenóis totais no pólen apícola do Sertão foram as maiores dentre as três mesorregiões (respectivamente 4,92-7,74 % e 16,22-46,25 eq. mg ác. gálico.g-1). O conteúdo total de flavonóides oscilou bastante, mas também foi superior nas amostras do Sertão (45,62 ± 32,19 eq. mg quercetina.g-1), embora próximo ao das amostragens da Zona da Mata (41,22 ± 21,95 eq. mg quercetina.g-1). O potencial antioxidante das amostras de pólen apícola do Sertão foi bem superior ao das demais amostras, variando de 53,22-250,19 eq. mg ác. gálico.g-1 . As amostras de pólen apícola provenientes do Litoral foram as que apresentaram maior teor em proteínas (1,21-3,32 eq. mg ASB.mL-1) e menor conteúdo antioxidante (10,0-103,22 eq. mg ác. gálico.g-1), embora do ponto de vista qualitativo todas as amostras apresentaram, praticamente, as mesmas substâncias, ainda que em quantidades diferentes. Não se constatou atividade contra os microrganismos Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Helicobacter pylori na concentração testada dos extratos de pólen apícola da estação seca (2008/09) de todas as mesorregiões estudadas.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:55:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 230116 bytes, checksum: ee47c05b593f6a161e8872786d3fc7ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-02-22 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / Seventy castrated barrows were used to determinate the requirements of digestible methionine and cystine with initial weight 60,00 ± 1,13 kg. The animals were experimental design of randomized blocks with five treatments (0,440; 0,464; 0,488; 0,512 and 0,536% of digestible methionine and cystine corresponding at the 55,0; 58,0; 61,0; 64,0 and 67,0% of digestible methionine and cystine : digestible lysine) with seven replicates and two animals by experimental unity. The digestible methionine and cystine levels influenced the feed: gain and lean yield that improved by a quadratic way until the level of 0,506%. The daily gain increased in a linear way until the level of 0,512% of digestible methionine and cystine. The digestible methionine and cystine intake increased in a linear way with the increase digestible methionine and cystine levels in the diet. It was not observed effect of the treatments on feed intake, backfat depth, carcass yield and percentage lean. It was concluded that requirements of digestible methionine and cystine for castrated barows swine were 0,506% correspondent to digestible methionine and cystine:digestible lysine ration of 63,0% for a better feed:gain and lean yield. / Foram utilizados 70 suínos machos castrados com peso inicial de 60,00 ± 1,13 kg para se determinar a exigência de metionina mais cistina digestíveis. Os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, composto por cinco tratamentos (0,440; 0,464; 0,488; 0,512 e 0,536% de metionina mais cistina digestíveis, correspondendo às relações de 55,0, 58,0, 61,0, 64,0 e 67,0% de metionina mais cistina digestíveis:lisina digestível), sete repetições e dois animais por unidade experimental. Os níveis de metionina mais cistina digestíveis das rações influenciaram a conversão alimentar e o rendimento de carne magra, que melhoraram de forma quadrática até o nível estimado de 0,506%. O ganho de peso diário aumentou de forma linear até o nível de 0,512%, enquanto o consumo de metionina mais cistina digestíveis elevou de forma linear com o aumento dos níveis de metionina mais cistina digestíveis na dieta. Não houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre o consumo diário de ração, a espessura de toucinho no ponto P2, o rendimento de carcaça e a porcentagem de carne magra na carcaça dos animais. Concluiu-se que a exigência de metionina mais cistina digestíveis para suínos machos castrados dos 60 aos 95 kg é de 0,506%, correspondente à uma relação de metionina mais cistina digestíveis:lisina digestível de 63,0%, para melhor conversão alimentar e quantidade de carne magra na carcaça.