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Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskor står inför utmaningar vid hjärtstoppsituationer där deras tidiga insatser är avgörande för patientens överlevnad. Med cirka 13 000 fall av hjärtstopp årligen i Sverige är hjärt-lungräddning en central del i omhändertagandet. Närstående lyfter att närvaro vid hjärt-lungräddning är en viktig rättighet som kan bidra till en känsla av trygghet. Syfte: Beskriva sjuksköterskans upplevelse av hjärt-lungräddning med närvarande närstående. Metod: En kvalitativ litteraturöversikt med induktiv ansats har genomförts, där tio vetenskapliga artiklar analyserades utifrån Fribergs femstegsmodell. Databaserna CINAHL, MEDLINE och PubMed har använts. Resultat: Sjuksköterskor övervägde faktorer som patientens tillstånd, närståendes önskemål och den potentiellt traumatiska effekten samt att varje hjärt-lungräddningssituation är unik. Det uppgavs brister inom organisationen som försvårade för närstående att närvara. Förslag på förbättringar såsom en vald familjestödperson, tydligare riktlinjer samt policys lyfts av sjuksköterskorna. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskors perspektiv på närståendes närvaro vid hjärt-lungräddning visar på delade åsikter och en komplex dynamik. Farhågor kring störningar och påverkan på patientsäkerheten kontrasteras mot betoningen av närståendes roll för emotionellt stöd och sorgeprocessen. Identifierade organisatoriska utmaningar, inklusive behovet av en ansvarig personal och tydliga riktlinjer, betonar behovet av en balans mellan säkerhet och stöd i vårdmiljön. / Background: Nurses face challenges in cardiac arrest situations where their early interventions are crucial for patient survival. With approximately 13 000 cases of cardiac arrest annually in Sweden, cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a vital component of care. Family members raises that presence during cardiopulmonary resuscitation is an important right that can contribute to a sense of security.  Aim: To describe the nurse’s experience of cardiopulmonary resuscitation with the presence of family members.  Method: A qualitative literature review with an inductive approach was conducted, analysing ten scientific articles using Friberg’s five-step model. The databases CINAHL, MEDLINE and PubMed were utilized.  Result: Nurses considered factors such as the patient’s condition, the wishes of close relatives, the potentially traumatic effects, and the uniqueness of each cardiopulmonary resuscitation situation. Organizational shortcomings hindering family presence were reported. Suggestions for improvements, such as the nurses highlighted a designated family support person and clearer guidelines and policies. Conclusion: Nurses’ perspectives on the presences of family members during cardiopulmonary resuscitation reveal divergent opinions and a complex dynamic. Concerns about disruptions and their impact on patient safety contrast with the emphasis on the role of family members for emotional support and the grieving process. Identified organizational challenges, including the need for designated personnel and clear guidelines, underscore the necessity of valancing safety and support in the healthcare environment.

Enligt Svenska hjärt- och lungräddningsregistret drabbas cirka 13 000 personer årligen av ett plötsligt hjärtstopp i Sverige och av dessa inleds hjärt-lungräddning [HLR] i cirka 8500 av fallen. HLR innebär att på konstgjord väg cirkulera blodet genom kompressioner och inblåsningar. Det kan vara en mycket traumatisk upplevelse för de närstående och sjuksköterskan har ett stort ansvar i att inkludera dem enligt de etiska riktlinjerna som finns avseende HLR.  Syftet med detta arbete var att beskriva närståendes inställning till och erfarenhet av att närvara vid hjärt-lungräddning inom akutsjukvården. En litteraturöversikt med systematisk ansats har använts som metod. Totalt 17 artiklar har inkluderats, varav 9 kvantitativa och 8 kvalitativa. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades utifrån Sophiahemmets framtagna granskningsinstrument för bedömning av den vetenskapliga kvalitén. Därefter påbörjades textanalysen där artiklarna först summerades i en artikelmatris, sedan plockades data som motsvarade syftet ut från respektive artikel. Data syntetiserades i kategorier och underkategorier. Resultatet baserades på tre övergripande huvudkategorier, individens inställning och förutsättningar till att närvara, omständigheter som påverkar upplevelsen och hur bemötande och kommunikation formar vårdrelationen. Majoriteten av de närstående hade en positiv inställning och även om det var en känslomässigt utmanande upplevelse var det viktigt att finnas där för sin närstående. Närstående hade dock ett stort behov av stöd i olika former både från andra närstående och vårdpersonal. Vårdpersonalens inställning och bemötande påverkade upplevelsen.  Slutsatsen var att anhöriga vill vara närvarande men behöver stöd för att bättre kunna hantera upplevelsen och minska risken för psykisk ohälsa. / According to the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Register, approximately 13,000 people suffer a sudden cardiac arrest annually in Sweden, and of these, cardiopulmonary resuscitation [CPR] is initiated in about 8,500 of the cases. CPR involves artificially circulating the blood through compressions and breaths. It can be a very traumatic experience for the relatives and the nurse has a responsibility to include them according to the ethical guidelines that exist regarding CPR. The aim of this study was to describe relatives’ attitudes to and experience of being present at cardiopulmonary resuscitation in emergency care. A literature review with a systematic approach has been used as a method. Database searches have been made in Cinahl and PubMed. A total of 17 articles have been included, of which nine are quantitative and eight qualitative. The articles were quality reviewed on the basis of Sophiahemmet’s review instrument for assessing scientific quality. Then the text analysis began, where the articles were first summarized in an article matrix, then data that corresponded to the purpose was picked out from each article. The data were synthesized into categories and subcategories. The result was based on three main categories, the individual’s attitude and conditions for attending, circumstances that affect the experience and how treatment and communication shape the care relationship. The majority of the relatives had a positive attitude and even though it was an emotionally challenging experience, it was important to be there for the loved one. However, relatives had a great need for support in various forms both from other relatives and healthcare professionals. The healthcare professional's attitude and treatment affected the experience. The conclusion was that relatives want to be present but need support to better manage the experience and reduce the risk of mental illness.

Bakgrund: Hjärtstopp är en global hälsoutmaning och utgör en allvarlig medicinsk nödsituation för både patienter och vårdpersonal. Snabb insats genom hjärt- och lungräddning (HLR) ökar chanserna att överleva. HLR-rådets riktlinjer redogörs tillsammans med betydelsen av samhälleliga aspekter, inklusive patientsäkerhet och delaktighet. Dessutom utforskas närståendes och sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att bevittna och utföra HLR, samt betonar vikten av träning, stöd och hantering av moralisk stress inom vården. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa sjuksköterskors beskrivning av sina erfarenheter av närstående närvaro vid hjärtstopp.  Metod: I denna litteraturöversikt ingår tio vetenskapliga artiklar av kvalitativ design. Vid datainsamlingen användes PubMed och CINAHL Complete som databaskällor. Resultat: I resultatet framkom tre olika teman: Första teman handlade om etiska aspekter som bygger på två underteman: Dialog med anhöriga och att tvingas prioritera. Andra temat handlade om vikten av god vårdmiljö som bygger på en underteman: Behov av säker miljö. Tredje temat handlade om känslomässiga aspekter som bygger på tre underteman: Känsla av att vara iakttagen, Ökad tillit och självkänsla av närståendes närvaro och Pressad stämning. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskors erfarenheter vid närståendes närvaro under hjärtstopp inkluderar etiska överväganden, prioritering, påverkan på vårdmiljön, känslomässiga aspekter och förbättringsmöjligheter. Trots utmaningar betonar sjuksköterskor vikten av etisk information och ser närvaron som en resurs för personcentrerad vård. Slutsatser pekar på möjligheter till utveckling och förbättringar under HLR av närstående vid hjärtstopp. / Background: Cardiac arrest is a global health challenge and constitutes a serious medical emergency. The importance of rapid intervention through cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is emphasized to increase the chances of survival. The guidelines of the CPR Council in Sweden are explained alongside the significance of societal aspects, including patient safety and involvement. Additionally, the experiences of relatives and nurses in witnessing and performing CPR are explored, highlighting the need for training, support, and management of moral stress within healthcare. Aim: The purpose was to illuminate how nurses describe their experiences of the presence of relatives during cardiac arrest. Method: In this literature review, ten scientific articles of qualitative design are included. PubMed and CINAHL Complete were used as database sources for data collection. Results: The results revealed three different themes: First themes dealt with ethical aspects based on two sub-themes: Dialogue with relatives and Being forced to prioritize. The second theme was about the importance of a good care environment, which is based on a sub-theme: Need for a safe environment. The third theme dealt with emotional aspects based on three sub-themes: The feeling of being watched, Increased trust and self-esteem due to the presence of loved ones and Pressured mood. Conclusions: Nurses' experiences of relatives' presence during cardiac arrest include ethical considerations, prioritization, impact on the care environment, emotional aspects, and opportunities for improvement. Despite challenges, nurses emphasize the importance of ethical information and consider the presence of relatives as a resource for person-centered care. Conclusions suggest possible development and improvements during CPR of relatives during cardiac arrest.

Bakgrund I Sverige drabbas tusentals människor av hjärtstopp årligen, och dessa omhändertas inom akutsjukvården. Den vanligaste orsaken till hjärtstopp är hjärtinfarkt. För att rädda deras liv genomförs hjärt- och lungräddning (HLR). Ett perspektiv till situationen är de närstående och deras närvaro under HLR. Personalen upplever bland annat att de närstående kan vara i vägen och ett stressmoment. Däremot upplever de också att de kan stärka bandet mellan varandra när de närvarar. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten för studien var familjecentrerad vård och det syftar till att involvera de närstående och även ge dessa omvårdnad. Syftet var att belysa närståendes upplevelse av att ha närvarat vid HLR inom akutsjukvården och hur detta har påverkat de närstående efteråt. Metod Studien har genomförts som en icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt med systematisk sökmetod. Totalt har 15 artiklar inkluderats varav 10 var kvalitativa och fem var kvantitativa. De analyserades med en integrerad innehållsanalys. Resultatet fick fyra huvudkategorier vilka var Känslor under hjärt- och lungräddning, Delaktighet, Information samt Livet efter. Ur dessa har 10 underkategorier tagits fram. Dessa var Trygghet, förståelse, negativa känslor, vårdpersonalens roll, närståendes roll, valmöjlighet, tydlig information, bristen på information, positiva känslor efter samt negativa känslor efter. Studien kom fram till att det under HLR finns många känslor både positiva och negativa och att de närstående upplevde att stöd från vårdpersonalen var viktigt. Dessutom framkom det att informationen var en central del för att minska ångest och öka känslan av trygghet och hopp. Slutsatserna från studien är att de närstående upplever många känslor när de bevittnar HLR, de kan vara positiva eller negativa känslor. Dessutom önskar de närstående att de får stöd och att de önskar få valmöjligheten att vara delaktiga. Även efter situationen känner de många känslor. / Background In Sweden, thousands of people suffer from cardiac arrest every year, and these are dealt with in emergency medical care. The most common cause of cardiac arrest is heart attack. To save their lives, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is performed. One perspective to the situation is the relatives and their presence during CPR. The staff experiences, among other things, that the relatives can be in the way and are a moment of stress. However, they also feel that they can strengthen the bond between the staff and the relatives when they attend. The theoretical framework for the study was family-centered care which aims to involve the next of kin and also provide them with care. The aim was to shed light on the relatives' experience of having been present during CPR in emergency healthcare and how this has affected the relatives afterwards. Method The study has been carried out as a non-systematic literature review with a systematic search method. A total of 15 articles have been included, of which 10 were qualitative and five were quantitative. They were analyzed using an integrated content analysis. Results The results received four main categories, which were Feelings during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Participation, Information and Life after. From these, 10 subcategories have been developed. These were Safety, understanding, negative feelings, the role of the care staff, the role of relatives, choice, clear information, the lack of information, positive feelings after and negative feelings after. The study concluded that during CPR there are many emotions, both positive and negative, and that the relatives felt that the support of the healthcare staff was important. In addition, it emerged that the information was a central part of reducing anxiety and increasing the feeling of security and hope. The Conclusions from the study is that the relatives experience many emotions when they witness CPR, they can be positive or negative emotions. In addition, the relatives wish that they receive support and that they wish to be given the choice to participate. Even after the situation, they feel many emotions that will affect them.

Bakgrund Hjärtstopp är ett cirkulationsstillestånd, för att återfå cirkulationen krävs det att hjärt- och lungräddning påbörjas. All sjukvårdspersonal inklusive sjuksköterskor ska ha kompetensen att utföra hjärt- och lungräddning vid ett hjärtstopp. På sjukhus påbörjas hjärt- och lungräddning på cirka 2500 personer varje år, där finns resurser i form av defibrillator, läkemedel, handlingsplan samt kompetent personal som samverkar i team. Syfte Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskans upplevelse av att utföra hjärt-och lungräddning på sjukhus. Metod Examensarbetet genomfördes som en strukturerad litteraturstudie med inslag av den metodologi som används vid systematiska översikter och baserades på 12 originalstudier. Artiklarna som valdes publicerades mellan årtalen 2014-2024 och var skrivna på engelska, samtliga artiklar söktes i databaserna Pubmed och Cinahl. Fribergs analysmetod användes för dataanalys. Resultat I resultatet framkom tre huvudteman; sjuksköterskors emotionella upplevelser, omgivande faktorer och samverkan i team. Under dessa huvudteman framkom nio underkategorier. Slutsats Alla sjuksköterskor är en egen individ vilket innebar att upplevelsen skiljde sig. I litteraturöversikten framkom att upplevelsen av att utföra hjärt- och lungräddning innebar emotionella upplevelser som stress och etiska problem, sjuksköterskorna upplevde behov av debriefing samt gott teamarbete. / Background Cardiac arrest is a stoppage of circulation, to restore circulation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation must be started. All healthcare staff including nurses, must have the competence to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the event of a cardiac arrest. In hospitals, cardiopulmonary resuscitation is started on around 2,500 people every year, where there are resources in the form of defibrillators, medicines, management plans and competent staff who work together in teams. Aim The aim was to describe the nurses experience of performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation in hospital. Method The degree work is carried out as a structured literature study with elements of the methodology used in systematic reviews and based on 12 original studies. The articles that were selected were published between the years 2014-2024 and were written in English, all articles were searched in the databases Pubmed and Cinahl. Friberg's analysis method was used for data analysis. Results In the result, three main themes emerged: nurses, emotional experiences, environmental factors and cooperation in teams. Under these main themes, nine subcategories emerged. Conclusions All nurses are their own individual, which meant that the experience differed. In the literature review, it emerged that the experience of performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation involved emotional experiences such as stress and ethical problems, the nurses experienced a need for debriefing and good teamwork.

INTRODUCTION: One of the most frequent causes of sudden death in Europe is a sudden cardiac arrest. First above all providing urgent cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is necessary for rescue of life. One of preconditions of successful resuscitation is its early start and knowledge of basic techniques. The level of knowledge of urgent resuscitation techniques, its proper performance, skillfulness and willingness of non-professional rescuers can decide about next life of people affected by sudden cardiac arrest. Every minute that the resuscitation is not performed a chance of survival of people affected with sudden cardiac arrest decreases by 10 - 12%. GOALS AND METHODOLOGY: The main research problem was an evaluation of the level of knowledge of techniques of cardio-pulmonary resuscitation with public in South Bohemia. The next goal was to map the interest of the public in South Bohemia in education in CPR. For working out of the empirical part the method of quantitative research was chosen in the form of a questionnaire which I made. The questionnaire contained 35 questions. The research sample was made of nonselected public in South Bohemia and the choice of informants was random. The collection of data was performed by direct questioning of passers-by in streets, shopping centres, in towns and...

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Background: According to the ethical guidelines, family members of the patient should be allowed to be present during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Nurses should be able to, besides performing CPR, decide if family presence is appropriate, support and explain the course of events to the family. Aim: The aim of this study was to illuminate nurses' experiences of family presence during resuscitation. Method: A literature study has been made of 11 qualitative studies, where differences and similarities were analysed. The studies were published between the years 2000 – 2015. Result: Two main themes were identified and five subthemes. The main themes were: "The nurse's experience of their work situation" and "The nurse's experience of the circumstances that affects the nursing". The findings showed that the nurses experienced a dilemma when they needed to decide if family presence was appropriate. The nurses experienced that a bond could be created with the families through the role of support person. They experienced that the family members could participate in the care but they could also be a distraction and a source of stress. Conclusion: Clear local guidelines would facilitate the decision if family presence is appropriate. A support person for the family would also facilitate the family's presence. More education and experience in this subject helps nurses overcome fears of difficulties often associated with family presence.

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a significant public health problem in most westernized industrialized nations. In spite of national and international guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiac care, the overall survival of patients with OHCA was essentially unchanged for 30 years--from 1978 to 2008 at 7.6%. Perhaps a better indicator of Emergency Medical System (EMS) effectiveness in treating patients with OHCA is to focus on the subgroup that has a reasonable chance of survival, e.g., patients found to be in ventricular fibrillation (VF). But even in this subgroup, the average survival rate was 17.7% in the United States, unchanged between 1980 and 2003, and 21% in Europe, unchanged between 1980 and 2004. Prior to 2003, the survival of patients with OHCA, in VF in Tucson, Arizona was less than 9% in spite of incorporating previous guideline recommendations. An alternative (non-guidelines) approach to the therapy of patients with OHCA and a shockable rhythm, called Cardiocerebral Resuscitation, based on our extensive physiologic laboratory studies, was introduced in Tucson in 2003, in rural Wisconsin in 2004, and in selected EMS areas in the metropolitan Phoenix area in 2005. Survival of patients with OHCA due to VF treated with Cardiocerebral Resuscitation in rural Wisconsin increased to 38% and in 60 EMS systems in Arizona to 39%. In 2004, we began a statewide program to advocate chest compression-only CPR for bystanders of witnessed primary OHCA. Over the next five years, we found that survival of patients with a shockable rhythm was 17.7% in those treated with standard bystander CPR (mouth-to-mouth ventilations plus chest compression) compared to 33.7% for those who received bystander chest-compression-only CPR. This article on Cardiocerebral Resuscitation, by invitation following a presentation at the 2011 Danish Society Emergency Medical Conference, summarizes the results of therapy of patients with primary OHCA treated with Cardiocerebral Resuscitation, with requested emphasis on the EMS protocol.