Section A: Article 1.Due to the increasing number of people being infected with or affected by HIV or AIDS, the need for home-based care services has increased. The psycho-social needs of families have also increased due to HIV infection resulting in a need for more extensive service rendering by relevant service providers. By exploring the role of Hospice T.L.C. caregivers in meeting these needs, recommendations could be made for service rendering to families infected with or affected by HIV or AIDS. Main focus areas for service rendering to these families were identified. / Section B, Article 1: In Kokstad, Kwazulu-Natal Hospice caregivers have been rendering services to families infected with and affected by HIV and AIDS. The role of these caregivers was explored by means of a qualitative study making use of focus groups. The focus of this article is the role that Hospice caregivers fulfil in meeting the needs of these families. Through their training and knowledge they obtain access to families infected with and affected by HIV and AIDS. From the study, certain recommendations could be made that could improve future service rendering, and assist the caregivers in meeting the needs of their patients more effectively. / Section B, Article 2: Literature indicates that people are widely affected by the presence of HIV or AIDS in their lives. The effects are of a physical, psychological, as well as a social nature. This has several implications for the affected families. In this study the bio-psychosocial needs, as identified by families themselves, receive attention. This qualitative study was conducted with the help of caregivers of Hospice T.L.C. operating in the Kokstad area, Kwazulu-Natal and involved home visits to affected families where an interview schedule guided the process of data collection. Material needs, as well as a need for emotional support were the most prevalent. The relationship between the caregivers and affected families are very positive, allowing an open door for further service rendering. / Section B, Article 3: Hospice T.L.C. is a non-profit organization (NPO) operating since 2006. They are rendering holistic, palliative and frail care services to ail patients in the Kokstad area, southern. KwaZulu-Natal. This qualitative study was aimed at exploring the extent of involvement of welfare organisations in meeting the bio-psychosocial needs of families infected with and affected by HIV or AIDS. This article deals with the stakeholders rendering services to these families and possible ways in which service rendering could be improved. Data was obtained during a focus group session with the caregivers and their supervisor. Interviews were conducted with members of the relevant resources that could meet the bio-psychosocial needs of families infected with or affected by HIV and AIDS. / Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

Section A: Article 1.Due to the increasing number of people being infected with or affected by HIV or AIDS, the need for home-based care services has increased. The psycho-social needs of families have also increased due to HIV infection resulting in a need for more extensive service rendering by relevant service providers. By exploring the role of Hospice T.L.C. caregivers in meeting these needs, recommendations could be made for service rendering to families infected with or affected by HIV or AIDS. Main focus areas for service rendering to these families were identified. / Section B, Article 1: In Kokstad, Kwazulu-Natal Hospice caregivers have been rendering services to families infected with and affected by HIV and AIDS. The role of these caregivers was explored by means of a qualitative study making use of focus groups. The focus of this article is the role that Hospice caregivers fulfil in meeting the needs of these families. Through their training and knowledge they obtain access to families infected with and affected by HIV and AIDS. From the study, certain recommendations could be made that could improve future service rendering, and assist the caregivers in meeting the needs of their patients more effectively. / Section B, Article 2: Literature indicates that people are widely affected by the presence of HIV or AIDS in their lives. The effects are of a physical, psychological, as well as a social nature. This has several implications for the affected families. In this study the bio-psychosocial needs, as identified by families themselves, receive attention. This qualitative study was conducted with the help of caregivers of Hospice T.L.C. operating in the Kokstad area, Kwazulu-Natal and involved home visits to affected families where an interview schedule guided the process of data collection. Material needs, as well as a need for emotional support were the most prevalent. The relationship between the caregivers and affected families are very positive, allowing an open door for further service rendering. / Section B, Article 3: Hospice T.L.C. is a non-profit organization (NPO) operating since 2006. They are rendering holistic, palliative and frail care services to ail patients in the Kokstad area, southern. KwaZulu-Natal. This qualitative study was aimed at exploring the extent of involvement of welfare organisations in meeting the bio-psychosocial needs of families infected with and affected by HIV or AIDS. This article deals with the stakeholders rendering services to these families and possible ways in which service rendering could be improved. Data was obtained during a focus group session with the caregivers and their supervisor. Interviews were conducted with members of the relevant resources that could meet the bio-psychosocial needs of families infected with or affected by HIV and AIDS. / Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

Although a relationship between womens work and use of child care is well-established, little is known about womens beliefs about who (family or society) is responsible for this care. Using data from a province-wide survey, path analysis determined how beliefs about caregiving predict womens decisions to work or use child care, at different stages of family life. Overall, Albertans believe caregiving is a social responsibility, particularly urban Albertans and women. Womens social beliefs about caregiving predict working for women with preschool and school-age children, and women without children under 14, but do not directly predict use of care at all. Social beliefs are predicted by more education (women with preschool and school-age children) and more children (women with school-age children). The results of this study are presented using an ecological framework, and confirm that beliefs about caregiving should be considered in future studies of womens labour force participation. / Family Ecology and Practice

《身外物》為本人以「患病母親的女兒」視角，以影片創作詮釋媽媽初發病至今，我所感知到的家庭改變，以及家人與我共度媽媽生病的心境歷程。 《身外物》以紀錄影像為主，並藉由許多重建場景，以空鏡頭或意境式的影像之重演、動畫虛構方式，傳達有關個人成長記憶裡媽媽生病前／後的畫面，是屬於較具表現形式的個人紀錄片作品。 同時，影片的概念「身外物」，意指媽媽從前美麗的衣服，以及而今臥床狀態所必需的醫療用具；兩者分指向「健康」與「生病成為生命的一部分」的訊息，以兩種身外物象徵的故事敘事，帶出本人與家人陪伴媽媽生病一路走來的歷程。更期能在創作過程中，療癒自己多年面對媽媽生病以來的創傷心情，因此該作品是一則平靜卻也蘊含著對過去逐漸釋懷的影像述說。 / “Mother’s Belongings” is a film about how my family and I have been accompanying my mother with her illness all of the days, which has brought significant changes to our lives. As a daughter, I will depict my psychological journey based on what I perceive before and after my mother encountered the disease ever since my teenage. The film will include two parts: one is based on video records of my daily life, the other is some fictional clips about my past memories. The title “Mother’s Belongings” indicates different belongings (or apparels) of my mother’s “health” and “illness”. I intend to use the symbols of material nature to delineate the story of a daughter and her family facing the illness of her mother.

The care of individuals with concerns about development, health, and wellness is often a difficult, complicated task and may rely on a team of diverse caregivers. There are many decisions that caregivers must make to help ensure that the best care and health monitoring are administered. For my dissertation work, I have explored the use of embedded capture and access to support decision-making for caregivers. Embedded capture and access integrates simple and unobtrusive capture and useful access, including trending information and rich data, into existing work practices. I hypothesized that this technology encourages more frequent access to evidence, increased collaboration amongst caregivers, and decisions made with higher confidence. I have explored this technology through real world deployments of new embedded capture and access applications in two domains. For the first domain, I have developed two applications to support decision-making for caregivers administering therapy to children with autism. The first application, Abaris, supports therapists working with a single child in a home setting, and the second application, Abaris for Schools, extends the ideas of Abaris for use in a school setting for many teachers working with multiple children. The second domain I have explored is decision-making for parents of newborn children. In particular, I developed and evaluated embedded capture and access technology to support parents, pediatricians, and secondary childcare providers in making decisions about whether a child s development is progressing normally in order to promote the earlier detection of developmental delays.

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Trots att studier visar att personer med autismspektrumdiagnos (ASD) ofta behöver hjälp med att sköta sin personliga hygien, samt att mödrar till barn med ASD ofta behöver assistera dem i deras aktiviteter i dagliga livet (ADL) saknas det forskning om vad detta stöd faktiskt består av. Syftet med den aktuella studien är att öka kunskapen om mödrars erfarenheter av att hjälpa ungdomar med ASD med deras personliga hygien samt med påklädning. 3 flickmödrar och 3 pojkmödrar intervjuades om hur de hjälpte sina barn med Dusch/Tvätt, Hårvård, Naglar, Påklädning, Tandborstning, Toalettbesök, Torka sig efter toalettbesök samt Torka sig med handduk. Flickmödrar fick också frågor om Menstruation. Analysen baserades på Anthony Giddens' teorier om Modernitet och Självidentitet. Intervjuerna skrevs om till 6 narrativ, vilka analyserades tillsammans med relevanta delar från intervjuerna. Resultatet presenteras som 3 huvudteman. Resultatet visar bland annat att ungdomarna hade ett omfattande hjälpbehov och att mödrarna hjälpte sina barn både fysiskt och verbalt. Mödrarnas förståelse för och lojalitet gentemot barnen och deras svårigheter var förhållandevis hög medan deras tillit till sakkunniga var relativt låg. / Although studies indicate that people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often need help with their personal hygiene, in addition to the fact that mothers of children with ASD often need to assist them in their activities of daily living (ADL), little research has been made as to what this support actually consists of. The purpose of the present study is to investigate how mothers of children aged 10-15 with ASD help their children to manage their personal hygiene, and what effect this has on their mothers. 3 mothers of girls and 3 mothers of boys were interviewed about how they supported their children in the following activities: Dressing, Hair care, Nail cutting, Toilet use, Tooth brushing, Toweling, Washing and Wiping. Mothers of girls were also asked about Menstruation. The analyses were based on Anthony Giddens' theories on Modernity and Self Identity. Afterwards, the interviews were converted into six narratives. These narratives along with pertinent elements from the interviews were analyzed and the result presented as 3 main themes. Results show among other things that the mothers supported their children both physically and verbally. The mothers' appreciation and loyality with their children were proportionately high, whereas their confidence in experts was rather low.

SAMMANFATTNING    Bakgrund: Venösa bensår är ett globalt vanligt förekommande fenomen, 1–2 % av jordens befolkning anses vara drabbade. Bensår skapar stort lidande för patientens fysiska och psykiska hälsa. Två vanliga förekommande problem är smärta och isolering. Det finns flera metoder för att läka venösa bensår där flerlagers-kompressionslinda anses vara en av det bästa metoderna. Att läka bensår skulle kunna minska patientlidandet.    Syfte: Att sammanställa och jämföra läkningseffekten av två- och fyra-lagerskompressionslindning hos patienter med venösa bensår.   Metod: En deskriptiv design med litteraturöversikt användes som metod där tio vetenskapliga kvantitativa originalartiklar inkluderades. Artikelsökning gjordes i databaserna PubMed och CINAHL.   Resultat: Litteraturöversikten kunde inte påvisa en skillnad mellan 2LB- och 4LB-kompressiongrupperna för förbättrad och fullständig läkningsförmåga. Båda lindorna bekräftades ha en sårläkande effekt. Effekten av kompressionslindorna gav en mer påskyndad sårläkning, än hos patienter utan kompressionsbehandling. Majoriteten av de inkluderade studierna visade på ett liknande resultat i fullständig procentuell läkning mellan två-lagerkompressionslindning (2LB) och fyra-lagerkompressionslindning (4LB).   Slutsats: Litteraturöversikten visar att kompressionsbehandling med 2LB och 4LB har en likvärdig och god sårläkande effekt för patienter. Både 2LB och 4LB är mer gynnsam för sårläkning och välmående än utan kompressionsbehandling för patienter som lever med venösa bensår. / ABSTRACT Background: Venous leg ulcers is a globally common phenomenon, 1-2 % of the world’s population is believed to be affected. Leg ulcers causes great suffering for the patient's physical and mental health. Two common complications are pain and isolation. There are several methods to heal venous leg ulcers, multilayer-compression-therapy is considered one of the best methods. Healing leg ulcers could reduce patient suffering. Purpose: To compile and compare the healing effects of two- and four-layer compression therapy in patients with venous leg ulcers.   Method: A descriptive design with a literature review as method, with ten scientific quantitative original articles were included. Article searches was done in databases PubMed and CINAHL.   Results: The results did not show a difference between the 2LB and 4LB-groups regarding complete and improved healing. However, both methods had a healing effect. The bandages were more effective in accelerating healing in patients, than in patients without compression therapy. Most of the included studies showed a similar result in the percentage of complete healing effect between the two-layer compression therapy (2LB) and four-layer compression therapy (4LB).   Conclusion: This literature review demonstrated that compression therapy with 2LB and 4LB has an equally as well as good healing effect for patients. Both 2LB and 4LB are significantly more beneficial for wound healing and well-being than without compression therapy for patients living with venous leg ulcers.

Introduction : Ces dernières années, les auteurs se sont attachés à créer une théorie générale de la problématique de la relation d’aide afin de mettre en évidence l’importance de la place occupée par les familles auprès du sujet âgé souffrant de la maladie d’Alzheimer. Il peut toutefois être intéressant de replacer l’aidant dans sa singularité de sujet affecté par d’autres questionnements que ceux relatifs à l’aide, afin de déterminer les facteurs influençant son vécu. Problématique : Dans quelle mesure la personnalité, les représentations du vieillissement, le lien de parenté et la qualité des relations passées vont influencer le vécu du rôle d’aidant principal d’un parent ou conjoint âgé en perte d’autonomie psychique, que ce dernier réside à domicile ou en institution ? Objectifs : Dans un premier temps, ce travail a pour objectif, d’établir les relations entre les différentes dimensions du vécu de l’aidant familial (difficultés, satisfactions et stratégies). Il se propose ensuite d’étudier l’influence sur ce vécu du lien de parenté et de l’entrée en institution d’une part, et de la personnalité (modèle en Cinq dimensions) et des représentations de la vieillesse d’autre part. Méthodologie : Pour ce faire, nous avons mené une étude auprès de 113 participants, dont 80 enfants et 33 conjoints. La première moitié accompagnait un proche à son domicile, la seconde en institution. Dans une première partie de l’étude, les participants ont rempli un questionnaire sociodémographique accompagné d’échelles évaluant la qualité des relations passées (QRASA), le fardeau (ZBI), les difficultés (CADI), satisfactions ressenties (CASI) et stratégies utilisées (CAMI) dans la relation d’aide, la personnalité (NEO PI-R) et la dépression (BDI). Dans un second temps, dix-sept participants ont été vus en entretien semi-directif afin d’appréhender qualitativement leur expérience d’aidant, les relations qu’ils entretiennent avec la personne accompagnée ainsi que leurs représentations de la vieillesse. Résultats : Les résultats de cette étude montrent que les difficultés, satisfactions ressenties et stratégies utilisées dans la relation d’aide sont liées entre elles, créant un équilibre nécessaire pour que l’aidant familial puisse investir son rôle. Cet équilibre est influencé aussi bien par des facteurs situationnels (lieu de résidence de la personne malade), relationnels (qualité des relations avec la personne accompagnée) que personnels (personnalité et représentations liées au vieillissement). Conclusion : Les implications en termes d’accompagnement et de prévention auprès de cette population sont discutées. / Introduction: Over the past years, authors have proposed a general theory of the caregiving relationship in order to highlight the importance of the place occupied by the families, who have an elderly relative suffering from Alzheimer's disease. However, it may be interesting to consider the caregiver with all his specificities, and as an individual affected by other problems than only the caregiving. We wonder to what extent the personality of a caregiver, the representations of the ageing process, the family relationship and the quality of the past relationships can influence the experience of caregiving. The studied caregivers were children or spouses of a patient losing his psychic autonomy, living at home or in an institution. Methods: We realized a study with 113 subjects (80 children and 33 spouses of an Alzheimer’s patient). Half of the patients were living at home and the other half in an institution. First, all caregivers filled a socio-demographic questionnaire and different clinical scales, assessing: the quality of the passed relationships (QRASA) ; the burden (ZBI) ; the difficulties (CADI ), satisfactions (CASI ) and strategies they used (CAMI) in the caregiving situations ; the personality (NEO PI-R) and the depression (BDI ). Second, 17 subjects have been seen in a semi-structured interview in order to qualitatively assess their experience of the caregiving, the past and present relationship they have with their parent or spouse. Results: The results of this study showed that the difficulties, the satisfactions which are experienced, and the strategies which are used in the caregiving relation are linked together. A balance between these variables is required for the family caregiver to invest his role. This balance is influenced by situational factors (the place where the patient lives), relational factors (the quality of the present and past relationship with the patient) as well as personal factors (personality and representations linked to the ageing process). Conclusion: The implications in terms of support and prevention for this population of caregivers are discussed.

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