Magister Psychologiae - MPsych / Previous studies on motivation of higher education students have predominantly focused on the role of motivation in academic achievement. The aim of this study was to identify what motivates students to attend university and to establish the connection of this motivational orientation to demographic correlates. A correlational research design was employed and data was analysed by means of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Correlational analysis (Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r)) was used to determine the strength of the association between demographic factors and student motivations for attending university.

The purpose of this study is to find out if dolls are used as an artifact in preschools for communication, language and identity development - based on previous research. It also examines the teachers' opinions about what a doll or puppet is. To be able to look in to this I sent out a survey with questions and got responses from 176 informants within the preschool. The result shows that dolls are frequently used by many preschool teachers, but around 40-50% had not taken part in any research or education on the subject. The result also shows that the teachers usually associates the word ‘doll’ with baby dolls”. Some conclusions I can see after this study is that the dolls place in the preschool is determined based on adults' opinions about it. The doll is often used as a communicative tool but not always consciously or with a basis in research. / Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om dockor används inom förskolan som en artefakt för kommunikation, språk och identitetsskapande utifrån tidigare forskning. Den undersöker även pedagogers svar om vad en docka respektive puppet är. Detta behandlas genom svar på enkäter från 176 informanter inom förskolan varav 138 är utbildade förskollärare och 38 är utbildade barnskötare.    Resultatet visar att dockor används frekvent av många förskollärare och barnskötare men runt 40–50% har inte tagit del av forskning eller utbildning inom ämnet. Resultatet visar också att pedagogerna oftast tänker på dockan i form av bebisdockor vid ordet ’docka’. Några slutsatser jag kan se efter denna studie är att dockans plats på förskolan avgörs utifrån vuxnas åsikter om den. Dockan används ofta som ett kommunikativt redskap men inte alltid medvetet eller med grund inom forskning.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T19:37:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 19 / Nenhuma / O presente estudo buscou compreender e analisar as demandas psicológicas de três meninos, com idade entre um e dois anos e de seus cuidadores, a partir da sua interação em uma instituição abrigo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, por meio de estudos de casos múltiplos. Para tanto, utilizou-se como técnica de coleta de dados, uma inspiração no Método Bick de Observação. Além disso, foi realizada a entrevista Entrevista de Transtorno de Apego com o cuidador principal de cada criança observada. Também consideramos os dados referentes à história de vida dos meninos observados, adquiridos por meio de relatos informais da equipe e de documentos obtidos pela direção da instituição. Somada a isso, foi realizada uma entrevista não estruturada com os cuidadores principais dessas crianças, com o objetivo de acessar as suas demandas psicológicas. Com base na observação dos três casos, concluiu-se que, apesar das diferentes características, as crianças observadas evidenciaram uma busca ativa pelos cuidadores, expressa / The present study aimed to realize and analyze the psychological demands and the characteristics of three boys between one and two years old and their caretakers through their interaction in a shelter institution. It is a qualifying research which studies several cases. For this reason it was used an adaptation of Bick’s Method of Observation to collect data. Besides, it was made an Interview on the Perturbation of Strong Attachment with the main caretaker of each observed child. We also considered the data of the boys’ story of life gathering informal reports from the group and documents given by the direction of the institution. Furthermore, it was made a non-structured interview with the main children’s caretakers, aiming to access their characteristics and psychological demands. Basing on the observation of these three cases, it was concluded, besides the different characteristics, that the observed children sought actively for their caretakers, showing their psychological demand through their annoyance a

O ato de cuidar tem sido atribuído ao gênero feminino. Na sociedade ocidental, a mãe é a principal cuidadora dos filhos no que se refere ao cuidado em geral, na alimentação, na vestimenta, na educação e na saúde. Na promoção da saúde bucal infantil, o cuidado materno, bem como uma boa relação dentista-mãe são essenciais. Objetivou-se compreender os significados atribuídos pelas as mães de crianças de 0 a 6 anos em tratamento odontológico acerca de seu papel como cuidadora da saúde bucal do filho. Constitui-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com desenho metodológico de uma pesquisa estratégica. Participaram como sujeitos, dez mães com filhos em atendimento odontológico pelo Curso de Graduação em Odontologia, de Especialização em Odontopediatria e da Clínica de bebês da Universidade de Ribeirão Preto – UNAERP na cidade de Ribeirão Preto, estado de São Paulo/Brasil. Realizou-se entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observação durante o atendimento odontológico. Os dados foram analisados segundo a técnica de análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin (1979). Considerando o perfil do grupo de mães a idade variou de 26 a 39 anos, todas eram casadas ou viviam em união consensual, nenhuma estava inserida no mercado de trabalho formal. Depreendeu-se dos dados seis categorias temáticas: a) Saúde: “quando não tem nada" ... “saúde é a base de tudo"; b) Saúde? É saúde da boca também!"; c) Saúde bucal é ter bons hábitos; d) O Processo saúde – doença e a relação com os cuidados maternos na saúde bucal; e) Cuidado à saúde bucal do filho: o sentido desse fazer; f) Profissional odontólogo: referência para o cuidado em saúde bucal. Percebeu-se que a saúde para essas mães reveste-se de um significado mais amplo, não restrito ao biológico, entretanto, ainda mostram-se ancoradas na idéia de saúde como ausência de doença e de corpo funcional. A saúde bucal apresenta-se dissociada da saúde geral e as práticas de manutenção da saúde bucal são voltadas para evitar uma única doença: a cárie, relacionando sua ocorrência na dependência dos cuidados prestados por elas como formadoras de hábitos. Em meio a essas práticas de cuidados reconhecem o profissional especializado como fonte do saber, estando prontas a auxiliá-los no tratamento independentemente de suas emoções mergulhadas no ideário do amor incondicional da mãe para com o filho e do dever materno, sentindo satisfação e realização em atender as necessidades do filho. Concluí- se que a mãe pode ser considerada como um agente multiplicador de ações educativas relacionadas a saúde bucal, uma vez que a atuação materna não fica circunscrita a ajudas momentâneas durante o atendimento clínico, perpassando as barreiras físicas, chegando aos cuidados diários na manutenção da saúde bucal do filho. Dentro dessa lógica há que se investir na capacitação dos profissionais que lidam diariamente com tais mães e todos os indivíduos da família, para que estes sintam-se responsáveis pela saúde das crianças menores. / Caring is an act attributed to feminine gender. Mothers are the main general caretaker of children. They care about food, clothing, education and health. Focusing the children’s oral health promotion the mothering care and a good relation between dentist and mothers are required. This survey aimed at understands mothering meanings about being a caretaker of small children (age from 0 to 6 years) oral health. It’s a qualitative research founded on strategic survey. The subjects were ten mothers from Dentistry Graduate Course, Pediatric Dentistry Specialization and Baby Clinic from Ribeirão Preto University – UNAERP in Ribeirão Preto City, São Paulo State/Brazil. Semi-structured interview and observation during the treatment were made. Data was analyzed by Content’s Analysis proposed by Bardin (1979). Considering the mother’s profile: age range from 26 to 39 years, all of them were married or lived with someone, none of them had an official job. Six thematic categories were identified: a) Health: “when you’re ok" … “health as a foundation"; b) Health? Oral health too! d) For a good oral health you must have good habits; d) Health – Illness process and its relation with maternal care on oral health; e) Caring about children oral health: what does it mean? And f) Dentist: a reference for oral health care. Mothers perceived health throw biological meanings, but they still emphasize the idea of health as illness absence based on the functional body construction. Oral health seems to be dissociated from general health. Practices toward a good oral health are directed to avoid just one disease – the Carie. Mothers also correlate caries’ occurrence with fails on habit formation. Among all these situations, mothers recognize the dentist as a knowledge resource. They are always ready to do anything to help the professional during the treatment. In this situation, they forget their emotions and fears based on ideas like unconditional mother’s love and mother’s duty. After all they experienced satisfaction and realization because they solved the child’s needs. We conclude that mothers can be multiplicative agents considering educational actions direct to oral health. Mother’s actions are not just circumscribed to short proceedings during the treatment, because they delivery daily oral health care at their homes. So we believe that improving the professional abilities, they’ll work better with mothers and family individuals. In this way all these people will be responsible for oral health of small children.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:48:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosemeire Santiago.pdf: 513164 bytes, checksum: a2835495cdaf9bd34f48fb0918de3411 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-22 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / Through history, many occurrences that have made dehumanization a regular part of life, invading families and individuals indiscriminately, destroying souls, and decimating relationships. This created a necessity for a different way of seeing/perceiving these people, which would bring them hope and courage. With this, there began to arise the first organizations called philanthropic , today known as Non-Governmental Organizations, or Third-Sector Organizations. As these structures grew, the number also of volunteers who had the vision of helping these forgotten people grew. However, in the majority of cases, these caretakers were not cared for themselves. They carried pain, lack of love, destroyed dreams and broken lives working with people who had long ago lost the meaning of the word hope. An analysis of these caretakers will be done, who for innumerable reasons begin to lose their own identity, demonstrating, often in the way they treat the people they are serving, that they themselves need to be remembered and cared for. We intend to prepare a basis to raise consciousness of the need for training and recognition of the other and the I, creating a proposal for working in a group. The caretaker helps other people many times to bring order of the chaos into their emotional and social lives, but it is necessary also that the caretaker be heard and embraced. Having his/her own sense of dignity and worth recognized, will reflect in the heart of the other the ones cared for. / No decorrer da história, muitos acontecimentos levaram a desumanização a fazer parte do cotidiano, contagiando, envolvendo famílias e pessoas indiscriminadamente, destruindo egos, dizimando relacionamentos. Criou-se a necessidade de olhares diferentes, olhares que trouxessem alento e esperança. Com isso, começaram a surgir as primeiras organizações chamadas filantrópicas, hoje conhecidas como Organizações Não Governamentais ou Organizações do Terceiro Setor. Quanto mais essa área crescia, tanto maior era o número de voluntários que se abdicavam em prol de seu próximo. Entretanto, esses voluntários, em seu papel de cuidadores, não eram cuidados. Armazenavam dores e desamores, sonhos destruídos e vidas repartidas, pois trabalham com gente, que há muito esqueceu o significado da palavra esperança. Portanto, a dissertação analisa esses cuidadores que começaram a ter a sua identidade perdida, demonstrando - nos atendimentos - a impressão de que precisavam ser lembrados e cuidados. A pesquisa busca criar um embasamento para uma profunda reflexão sobre a necessidade da conscientização, de treinamento e de reconhecimento do outro e do eu , bem como da importância do trabalho de grupo. O cuidador ajuda às pessoas a colocarem em ordem seu caos emocional e vivencial, mas é preciso que seja também ouvido e abraçado. É necessário um resgate de sua dignidade e identidade para promover eco no coração do outro.

The particular characteristics of Pinter’s theatre such as the theme of violence, the competitive interpersonal relationships, the implied unwillingness in communication between the characters and the distinctive use of silences and pauses, distinguish his work from the writers of the absurd. Pinter makes particular use of “Silences” and “Pauses” as theatrical techniques that present a non-verbal way of communication in his plays. The frequent use of these particular techniques in Pinter’s dialogue has urged some critics to coin new expressions such as “Pinteresque” or “Pinter Pause” in the vocabulary of drama to specify Pinter’s technique. One of the important objectives in this essay is to point out the fundamental significance and function of the “Silences” and “Pauses” in Pinter’s work and point out their distinction. I will discuss how the silences and pauses function in Pinter’s theatre as a non-verbal way of communication by creating fragments in the dialogue.   The plays which will be analyzed in this essay are: The Room, The Dumb Waiter, The Birthday Party and The Caretaker. My objective in this essay is to explore the context of these plays with regards to the theme of menace. In the first chapter, I mainly aim to explore the menacing context of these plays regarding the structure of menace and the ways it takes place in each play separately. This analysis will be presented in relation to the spatial territory in which the characters are confined. My aim is also to describe why menace is presented in a theatrical sense. I have chosen to quote some significant passages of each play in each section to illustrate my purposes in the first chapter. The aim of the second chapter is to define the character types involved in the presentation of menace, “The Intruders” and “The Victims”, and to analyze the strategies their use in encounters with each other. After describing the character types I will explore in detail how “The Intruders” use linguistic strategies to confuse and subdue their victims and finally victimize them and how “The Victims” use strategies to cope with menace in order to survive. There are some passages quoted from the plays to facilitate the purpose of the second chapter. The objective in the third chapter is to define “Silences” and “Pauses” as theatrical techniques used in form of non-verbal communication between the characters. I will discuss, based on Peter Hall’s definition, how these techniques are significant in understanding a Pinter play for the readers and the actors who perform them on stage, and will further explore the function of “Silences” and “Pauses” and their distinction in the context of the plays in question in this essay.

O ato de cuidar tem sido atribuído ao gênero feminino. Na sociedade ocidental, a mãe é a principal cuidadora dos filhos no que se refere ao cuidado em geral, na alimentação, na vestimenta, na educação e na saúde. Na promoção da saúde bucal infantil, o cuidado materno, bem como uma boa relação dentista-mãe são essenciais. Objetivou-se compreender os significados atribuídos pelas as mães de crianças de 0 a 6 anos em tratamento odontológico acerca de seu papel como cuidadora da saúde bucal do filho. Constitui-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com desenho metodológico de uma pesquisa estratégica. Participaram como sujeitos, dez mães com filhos em atendimento odontológico pelo Curso de Graduação em Odontologia, de Especialização em Odontopediatria e da Clínica de bebês da Universidade de Ribeirão Preto – UNAERP na cidade de Ribeirão Preto, estado de São Paulo/Brasil. Realizou-se entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observação durante o atendimento odontológico. Os dados foram analisados segundo a técnica de análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin (1979). Considerando o perfil do grupo de mães a idade variou de 26 a 39 anos, todas eram casadas ou viviam em união consensual, nenhuma estava inserida no mercado de trabalho formal. Depreendeu-se dos dados seis categorias temáticas: a) Saúde: “quando não tem nada” ... “saúde é a base de tudo”; b) Saúde? É saúde da boca também!”; c) Saúde bucal é ter bons hábitos; d) O Processo saúde – doença e a relação com os cuidados maternos na saúde bucal; e) Cuidado à saúde bucal do filho: o sentido desse fazer; f) Profissional odontólogo: referência para o cuidado em saúde bucal. Percebeu-se que a saúde para essas mães reveste-se de um significado mais amplo, não restrito ao biológico, entretanto, ainda mostram-se ancoradas na idéia de saúde como ausência de doença e de corpo funcional. A saúde bucal apresenta-se dissociada da saúde geral e as práticas de manutenção da saúde bucal são voltadas para evitar uma única doença: a cárie, relacionando sua ocorrência na dependência dos cuidados prestados por elas como formadoras de hábitos. Em meio a essas práticas de cuidados reconhecem o profissional especializado como fonte do saber, estando prontas a auxiliá-los no tratamento independentemente de suas emoções mergulhadas no ideário do amor incondicional da mãe para com o filho e do dever materno, sentindo satisfação e realização em atender as necessidades do filho. Concluí- se que a mãe pode ser considerada como um agente multiplicador de ações educativas relacionadas a saúde bucal, uma vez que a atuação materna não fica circunscrita a ajudas momentâneas durante o atendimento clínico, perpassando as barreiras físicas, chegando aos cuidados diários na manutenção da saúde bucal do filho. Dentro dessa lógica há que se investir na capacitação dos profissionais que lidam diariamente com tais mães e todos os indivíduos da família, para que estes sintam-se responsáveis pela saúde das crianças menores. / Caring is an act attributed to feminine gender. Mothers are the main general caretaker of children. They care about food, clothing, education and health. Focusing the children’s oral health promotion the mothering care and a good relation between dentist and mothers are required. This survey aimed at understands mothering meanings about being a caretaker of small children (age from 0 to 6 years) oral health. It’s a qualitative research founded on strategic survey. The subjects were ten mothers from Dentistry Graduate Course, Pediatric Dentistry Specialization and Baby Clinic from Ribeirão Preto University – UNAERP in Ribeirão Preto City, São Paulo State/Brazil. Semi-structured interview and observation during the treatment were made. Data was analyzed by Content’s Analysis proposed by Bardin (1979). Considering the mother’s profile: age range from 26 to 39 years, all of them were married or lived with someone, none of them had an official job. Six thematic categories were identified: a) Health: “when you’re ok” … “health as a foundation”; b) Health? Oral health too! d) For a good oral health you must have good habits; d) Health – Illness process and its relation with maternal care on oral health; e) Caring about children oral health: what does it mean? And f) Dentist: a reference for oral health care. Mothers perceived health throw biological meanings, but they still emphasize the idea of health as illness absence based on the functional body construction. Oral health seems to be dissociated from general health. Practices toward a good oral health are directed to avoid just one disease – the Carie. Mothers also correlate caries’ occurrence with fails on habit formation. Among all these situations, mothers recognize the dentist as a knowledge resource. They are always ready to do anything to help the professional during the treatment. In this situation, they forget their emotions and fears based on ideas like unconditional mother’s love and mother’s duty. After all they experienced satisfaction and realization because they solved the child’s needs. We conclude that mothers can be multiplicative agents considering educational actions direct to oral health. Mother’s actions are not just circumscribed to short proceedings during the treatment, because they delivery daily oral health care at their homes. So we believe that improving the professional abilities, they’ll work better with mothers and family individuals. In this way all these people will be responsible for oral health of small children.

<p>  </p> <p>A large portion of the demand for purebred dogs in the United States is met by commercial breeding (CB). CB is a contentious issue, and concern exists surrounding the quality and quantity of human-animal interactions in CB kennels. Quality of caretaker interactions has been demonstrated to affect welfare in livestock and laboratory animals, yet is widely understudied in kenneled dogs, especially those kept for CB. It therefore warrants investigation. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of a short, regular, positive caretaker interaction on physiological and behavioral metrics of dog welfare in CB kennels. Adult bitches (n = 47) from two CB kennels received a daily interaction with a familiar caretaker for two weeks. Half of the dogs (n = 24) received a 2-minute caretaker interaction with treats (CI), and the other half (n = 23) received treats only (TO). All other human interactions were limited to routine husbandry. Fecal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), hair cortisol concentration (HCC), and behavior in response to human approach were measured at baseline (Day 0), after two weeks of treatment (Day 14), and two weeks after treatment ended (Day 28). Behavior during treatment delivery was scored from video on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 13, and 14. General linear mixed models were used with treatment type and timepoint as fixed effects, dog nested within pen as random effects, and welfare metrics as dependent variables. Data from both facilities were analyzed and presented separately. In Facility 1 (n = 25), treatment type did not affect hair cortisol concentration (HCC) or fecal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA). However, HCC increased significantly from Day 0 to Day 28 (X2 = 5.83, <em>p </em>= 0.016) and fecal sIgA decreased significantly (X2 = 21.52, <em>p </em>< 0.001) over all three timepoints. Affiliative behavior in response to human approach increased over time with no significant effect of treatment type or tester (X2=10.549, <em>p</em>=0.001). Additionally, time spent in proximity to the caretaker significantly increased in both treatment groups during the daily interaction (CI: X2=14.047, <em>p</em><0.001, and TO: X2=5.121, <em>p</em>=0.024). In Facility 2 (n = 22), there was no effect of treatment type on physiological metrics, however, HCC decreased in time (X2 = 6.66, <em>p </em>= 0.009) in both treatment groups combined. Affiliative response to human approach increased over time in Facility 2 (X2=13.5782, <em>p</em>=0.001). During daily interactions, dogs from the TO group displayed increased affiliative (X2 = 8.58, <em>p </em>= 0.003) and decreased ambivalent (X2 = 10.42, <em>p </em>= 0.001) behaviors over time, while dogs from the CI group showed increasing latency to approach the caretaker (X2 = 4.38, <em>p </em>= 0.033). Changes in physiological and behavioral metrics differed by facility and treatment group. Factors such as variation in treatment quality and prior caretaker-animal relationship may play a role in dogs’ responses to the treatment. These results suggest that a caretaker interaction has the potential to improve welfare in dogs residing in CB kennels. However, careful consideration must be taken when implementing new protocols to avoid unintended increases in stress. For some adult dogs unaccustomed to extended, structured interactions with their caretakers, a 2-minute session may have resulted in increased physiological and behavioral stress, suggesting that a longer interaction might have jeopardized rather than improved their welfare. For these dogs, a more gradual introduction to human interactions may be more beneficial. This study offers new insight on the implementation of socialization, counterconditioning, and caretaker-dog interaction practices to maximize positive welfare in CB kennels. Future research is needed to further validate and expand upon these findings.</p>

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SAMMANFATTNING Bakgrund En del av företagssköterskans arbetsuppgifter är att arbeta förebyggande och se olika typer av problematik som finns hos arbetstagare och arbetsgivare. Omvårdnad av människan ska stå i fokus och rikta sig mot arbetslivet där en säker och god omvårdnad ges (SOU 2011:63). Vibrationsexponering av händer och åtföljande effekter utgör ett betydande arbetsmedicinskt problem där kyrkvaktmästare utgör en exponerad yrkesgrupp. Syfte Syftet med studien var att kartlägga besvär i händer och armar hos kyrkvaktmästare och deras kunskaper kring riskerna med vibrationsexponering. Metod 50 kyrkvaktmästare besvarande två enkäter, en om symtom och en om arbetsmiljö vid vibrationsexponering av handhållna verktyg och dess risker och skador. Resultatet presenterades som deskriptiva data. Resultat Köldkänsla 40 %, vita fingrar 38 % och kramp 38 % var de vanligaste symtomen. Symtom var vanligare bland dem som arbetat minst 10 år i vibrations exponerade arbete. De hade lite kunskap om riskerna med arbetet. Ingen av kyrkvaktmästarna hade blivit erbjuden medicinsk kontoroll enligt Arbetsmiljöverkets föreskrifter. Slutsats Symtom var vanligt förekommande, om medicinska kontroller hade utförts skulle symtomen förmodligen ha upptäcks i ett tidigare skede och inneburit att deras lidande kunde ha minskat. Den medicinska kontrollen hade även inneburit att arbetsgivaren tagit sitt arbetsmiljöansvar för att minimera vibrationsexponeringen (AFS 2005:15). En viktig del i företagssköterskans preventiva arbete är att informera arbetsgivaren om dennes ansvar vid vibrations exponerade arbete och arbetstagarna om riskerna. Nyckelord: hand- arm vibration, riskfaktorer, yrkessjukdomar, yrkesmässig exponering, kyrkvaktmästare / ABSTRACT Background Part of the company nurse's work is to work proactively and identify different types of problems among workers and employers. Nursing of man should be the focus and target the workplace where a safe and good nursing care is provided (SOU 2011:63). Vibration exposure of hands and concomitant effects represent a significant work related problem with care takers from an exposed profession. Aim The aim of the study was to identify hand and arm symptoms in vibration exposure with care takers and their knowledge of the risks associated with vibration exposure. Method Fifty care takers answered two questionnaires, one about symptoms and one about the work environment and vibration exposure of the hand-held tools and its risks and injuries. The results were presented as descriptive data. Results Sensation of cold (40%), white fingers (38%) and cramp (38%) were the most common symptoms. Symptoms were more common among those who had worked at least ten (10) years in vibration exposed work. They had little knowledge of the risks associated with vibration exposure. None of the care takers had been offered medical examination according to the regulation. Conclusion Symptoms were common among care takers; if medical examinations had been carried out the symptoms would probably have been detected at an earlier stage and meant that their suffering could have been reduced. The medical examinations had also meant that the employer would have taken the safety responsibilities to minimize vibration exposure (AFS 2005:15). An important part of the job of the company nurse is to inform the employer of his responsibility for vibration exposure and the workers about the risks. Keywords: hand-arm vibration, risk factors, occupational diseases, occupational exposure, care takers.