Cardiac catheterization has for a long time been a valuable way to evaluate the hemodynamics of a patient. One of the benefits is that the entire blood pressure waveform can be recorded and visualized to the cardiologist. These measurements are however disturbed by different phenomenon, such as respiration and the dynamics of the fluid filled catheter, which introduces artifacts in the blood pressure waveform. If these disturbances could be removed, the measurement would be more accurate. This report focuses on the effects of respiratory artifacts in blood pressure signals during cardiac catheterization. Four methods, a standard bandpass filter, two adaptive filters and one wavelet based method are considered. The difference between respiratory artifacts in systolic and diastolic pressure is studied and dealt with during compensation. All investigated methods are implemented in Matlab and validated against blood pressure signals from catheterized patients. The results are algorithms that try to correct for respiratory artifacts. The rate of success is hard to determine since only a few measured blood pressure signals have been available and since the size and appearance of the actual artifacts are unknown.

No description available.

Many patients with end-stage renal disease come to rely on catheters as their only means of hemodialysis when other options are no longer viable. These patients have a very poor quality of life due to their chronic illness as well as many long-term complications related to the use of tunneled catheters. Many prior attempts have been made to understand these catheter-related problems. Yet, they continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in chronic catheter-reliant patients. We hope to examine the rate as well as long term time course of these complications such that in future, we may decrease their occurrence. We predict that over time, chronic catheter use decreases the mean indwell time for each catheterization and increases the incidence of complications. To study this, we conducted a retrospective study looking at all patients who had three or more tunneled catheter exchanges between July 2003 and July 2008. We collected information from Yale IDX database on the patients age and gender, the type of catheter used, the indwell time of the catheter, the vessel used as access, the indication for catheter removal, whether the procedure was performed by a medical doctor (M.D.) or physicians assistant (P.A.) and whether it was a de novo insertion or over-the-wire exchange. We collected a total of 764 data points on 191 patients (89 males and 102 females). They ranged from 8 to 87 years old with a median age of 56 years. Infection was the number one indication for catheter removal at 37%. The rate of infection was 3.34 per 1,000 catheter days. There was no difference in the rate of complications by the side of vessel accessed nor by type of catheter. However, right-sided catheters had a longer indwell time of 117 + 159 days compared to left-sided catheters, 87 + 124 days (p =0.008). There was no significant difference in the indwell duration of first catheter in comparison to all subsequent placements. There was also no difference in complications whether the catheter was exchanged over the wire or placed de novo. Nor were complication rates different among M.D. versus P.A. conducted procedures. We conclude that our rates of infection are similar to other institutions and the vessels located on the right-side of the neck are preferable to left-sided vessels to increase catheter longevity. Future research is needed to better assess how rates and incidences of complications change with long standing catheter-reliance.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is known as the second killer in Hong Kong. The Hong Kong Hospital Authority reported nearly 7000 patients suffered from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in year 2010 to 2011. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is a minimal access surgical treatment for coronary artery disease but studies have shown that patients experienced different levels of anxiety before and during PTCA which led negative impact to the patients. Music can be regarded as a safe, cost-effective therapy to reduce one’s anxiety level. It can be carried out by nurses without any specific technique. However, there was no systemic review for using music therapy to patients undergoing PTCA. Therefore, this dissertation aims to evaluate the best available evidence on using music therapy for patients undergoing PTCA. Four electronic databases, Medline, CINAHL, Embase & PsycINFO, were searched for studies to investigate the efficacy of music therapy in patients undergoing PTCA. There were seven studies were eligible with data extracted and quality assessment performed by the critical appraisal skill programme (CASP) checklist. Four studies were graded as high quality, which consistently demonstrated a statistically significant more reduction in the anxiety level of patients who received music therapy either before and/or during PTCA than those who had no music therapy. Consequently, an evidence-based guideline of using music therapy for patients undergoing PTCA was developed according to the guideline development process of SIGN (2010). The use of music therapy is transferable and feasibly in the local setting with little manpower concern. The total cost estimated for running the innovation for a year was HKD 83,775 which was considered as cost-effective to reduce patients’ anxiety level and avoid associated adverse events. A 14-months programme including communication with the stakeholders, pilot testing, staff training and clinical application of the proposed music therapy was designed. Qualitative and quantitative data on patient, healthcare provider and system outcomes would be accounted throughout the programme. The effectiveness of the guideline would be determined by the reduction of patient’s anxiety level by using the Chinese version of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (Shek, 1993). Moreover, healthcare provider outcome would be evaluated by questionnaire and the expenditure of the proposed music therapy would be monitored closely. / published_or_final_version / Nursing Studies / Master / Master of Nursing

Inledning: För barn kan sjukhusvistelser och allt vad de innebär av undersökningar och behandlingar ofta uppfattas som hotfulla och obehagliga. Insättning av perifer venkateter och venös provtagning tillhör de ingrepp som barn uppfattar som mest stressfulla och smärtsamma. Det finns i dagsläget gott om evidensbaserade metoder för att lindra barns oro och smärta i samband dessa ingrepp men det är oklart i hur stor utsträckning dessa metoder tillämpas. Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka sjuksköterskans tillvägagångssätt vid venös provtagning och insättning av perifer venkateter. Utgångspunkten för studien är undersöka sjuksköterskans förberedelser av barnet, hur sjuksköterskan arbetar för att främja barnets självbestämmande, användning av distraktioner, farmakologisk smärtlindring samt hur barn och föräldrar bemöts av sjuksköterskan inför och under provtagning eller insättning av perifer venkateter. Metod: Venös provtagning och insättning av perifer venkateter observerades och registrerades efter ett egenutformat observationsschema. Observationerna gjordes på avdelningar och mottagningar på ett barnsjukhus. Resultat: 18 sjuksköterskor observerades i 25 situationer. Observationerna genomfördes på både avdelningar och mottagningar på ett större barnsjukhus. Alla sjuksköterskorna använde sig av distraktioner och hade ett individuellt anpassat bemötande. Alla barn fick någon form av farmakologisk smärtlindring. I 17 av situationerna förberedde sjuksköterskan barnet genom att gå igenom hur proceduren gick till och i 22 situationer fick barnet vara med och bestämma. Slutsats: Slutsatsen är att sjuksköterskor på det barnsjukhus där studien genomfördes arbetar evidensbaserat i sitt tillvägagångssätt vid venös provtagning och insättning av en perifer venkateter. Vidare forskning skulle behövas för att undersöka hur sjuksköterskor på andra vårdinstanser som exempelvis barnspeciallistmottagningar arbetar. / Introduction: For children, hospitalization and all the means of examinations and treatments are often perceived as threatening and unpleasant. Venepunctures and peripheral catheterization belong to the procedures considered the most stressful and painful. There are plenty of evidence-based methods to alleviate children's distress and pain during these procedures, but it is unclear to what extent these methods are applied. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the nurse´s approach to venepuncture and peripheral catheterization. The starting point of this study is to examine the nurse´s preparation of the child, how the nurse encourages the child´s autonomy, using of distractions and pharmacological analgesia and also how the child and its parents are cared for during the procedure. Method: Venepunctures and peripheral catheterization were observed and registered in a observational chart made for this study. The observations were performed at wards and clinics at achildren´s hospital. Results: 25 observations were performed on 18 different nurses. The observations were performed at both wards and clinics at a children´s hospital. All of the nurses used distractions and treated the children individually. All of the children received some form of pharmacological pain relief. In 17 of the situations the nurse explained the procedure to the child beforehand.In 22 of the situations the child was given the opportunity to participate and decide how the procedure was to be executed. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that nurses at the Hospitalare working with an evidence-based approach to venepuncture and peripheral catheterization. Further research is required to determine if nurses inother health facilitiesare working evidence-based or not.

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der altersabhängigen Inzidenz und den Risikofaktoren für das Auftreten von lokalen Gefäßkomplikationen nach Herzkathetern über den femoralen Zugang. Diese sind die häufigsten Komplikationen nach Herzkatheteruntersuchungen überhaupt. Besonders berücksichtigt wurden multimorbide und sehr alte Patienten. Durch den demographischen Wandel und eine stetig wachsende Zahl an durchgeführten Herzkatheterprozeduren wird das Aufkommen solcher Patienten in der Zukunft weiter ansteigen. Der Zugang über die Leistengefäße stellt vielerorts noch immer den meistgenutzten dar. Frühere Studien konnten bereits diverse Risikofaktoren für das Auftreten von lokalen Gefäßkomplikationen nach Herzkathetern ermitteln, unter anderem hohes Alter und typische Alterskrankheiten. In den untersuchten teils sehr kleinen Kohorten wurden oft außerordentlich hohe Komplikationsraten ermittelt. Um zu verhindern, dass alten Patienten aus Sorge um mögliche Komplikationen potentiell lebensrettende invasive Maßnahmen vorenthalten werden, ist eine stetige Risikoevaluation notwendig. In dieser Studie wurden 42.628 Prozeduren bei Patienten, die am Herzzentrum Leipzig zwischen 2005 und 2009 einen diagnostischen Herzkatheter oder eine perkutane Koronarintervention (PCI) erhielten, ausgewertet. Ziel der Arbeit war es, die altersabhängigen Komplikationsraten sowie Prädiktoren für das Auftreten von Komplikationen zu ermitteln. Dazu wurden für drei Altersgruppen (Patienten unter 65, zwischen 65 und 79 sowie über 80 Jahre) jeweils prozedurale und klinische Parameter analysiert. Es wurde ein moderater Anstieg der Komplikationsraten festgestellt. Dies zeigt, dass Herzkatheter über einen Leistenzugang bis ins hohe Alter ein sicheres Verfahren sind. Die ermittelten Prädiktoren können einer klinischen Risikostratifizierung dienen.

<p>Patients undergoing cardiac catheterization are potentially at risk of radiation-induced health effects from the interventional fluoroscopic X-ray imaging used throughout the clinical procedure. The amount of radiation exposure is highly dependent on the complexity of the procedure and the level of optimization in imaging parameters applied by the clinician. For cardiac catheterization, patient radiation dosimetry, for key organs as well as whole-body effective, is challenging due to the lack of fixed imaging protocols, unlike other common X-ray based imaging modalities. </p><p>Pediatric patients are at a greater risk compared to adults due to their greater cellular radio-sensitivities as well as longer remaining life-expectancy following the radiation exposure. In terms of radiation dosimetry, they are often more challenging due to greater variation in body size, which often triggers a wider range of imaging parameters in modern imaging systems with automatic dose rate modulation. </p><p>The overall objective of this dissertation was to develop a comprehensive method of radiation dose estimation for pediatric patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. In this dissertation, the research is divided into two main parts: the Physics Component and the Clinical Component. A proof-of-principle study focused on two patient age groups (Newborn and Five-year-old), one popular biplane imaging system, and the clinical practice of two pediatric cardiologists at one large academic medical center. </p><p>The Physics Component includes experiments relevant to the physical measurement of patient organ dose using high-sensitivity MOSFET dosimeters placed in anthropomorphic pediatric phantoms. </p><p>First, the three-dimensional angular dependence of MOSFET detectors in scatter medium under fluoroscopic irradiation was characterized. A custom-made spherical scatter phantom was used to measure response variations in three-dimensional angular orientations. The results were to be used as angular dependence correction factors for the MOSFET organ dose measurements in the following studies. Minor angular dependence (< ±20% at all angles tested, < ±10% at clinically relevant angles in cardiac catheterization) was observed.</p><p>Second, the cardiac dose for common fluoroscopic imaging techniques for pediatric patients in the two age groups was measured. Imaging technique settings with variations of individual key imaging parameters were tested to observe the quantitative effect of imaging optimization or lack thereof. Along with each measurement, the two standard system output indices, the Air Kerma (AK) and Dose-Area Product (DAP), were also recorded and compared to the measured cardiac and skin doses – the lack of correlation between the indices and the organ doses shed light to the substantial limitation of the indices in representing patient radiation dose, at least within the scope of this dissertation.</p><p>Third, the effective dose (ED) for Posterior-Anterior and Lateral fluoroscopic imaging techniques for pediatric patients in the two age groups was determined. In addition, the dosimetric effect of removing the anti-scatter grid was studied, for which a factor-of-two ED rate reduction was observed for the imaging techniques. </p><p>The Clinical Component involved analytical research to develop a validated retrospective cardiac dose reconstruction formulation and to propose the new Optimization Index which evaluates the level of optimization of the clinician’s imaging usage during a procedure; and small sample group of actual procedures were used to demonstrate applicability of these formulations.</p><p>In its entirety, the research represents a first-of-its-kind comprehensive approach in radiation dosimetry for pediatric cardiac catheterization; and separately, it is also modular enough that each individual section can serve as study templates for small-scale dosimetric studies of similar purposes. The data collected and algorithmic formulations developed can be of use in areas of personalized patient dosimetry, clinician training, image quality studies and radiation-associated health effect research.</p> / Dissertation

Introdução: Mobilidade Física Prejudicada é um diagnóstico de enfermagem (DE) prioritário para pacientes submetidos a cateterismo cardíaco. No entanto, para os diagnósticos Integridade Tissular Prejudicada e Integridade da Pele Prejudicada, freqüentemente estabelecidos neste cenário, ainda não há um consenso sobre o mais adequado. Estudos de validação de diagnósticos para pacientes submetidos a procedimentos como cateterismo cardíaco diagnóstico ou terapêutico, permanecem inexplorados. Objetivos: Validar clinicamente as características definidoras dos DE Mobilidade Física Prejudicada, Integridade Tissular Prejudicada e Integridade da Pele Prejudicada em pacientes submetidos a cateterismo cardíaco; e validar seis características adicionais aos diagnósticos em estudo. Métodos: Estudo transversal conduzido em Laboratório de Hemodinâmica no interior do Rio Grande do Sul no período de novembro de 2009 a novembro de 2010. Para a validação clínica (modelo proposto por Fehring) utilizou-se um instrumento com as características definidoras dos diagnósticos em estudo, aplicado por duas enfermeiras peritas. Incluíramse pacientes ≥ 18 anos, ambos os sexos, que realizaram cateterismo cardíaco diagnóstico ou terapêutico eletivo, procedimento por via femoral. Foram consideradas características definidoras validadas aquelas com R> 0,50 (taxa de fidedignidade). O teste Kappa também foi utilizado para avaliar a concordância entre as peritas. Os DE em estudo são baseados na Taxonomia da NANDA-I. Resultados: Incluíram-se 250 pacientes, com idade média 63±12 anos. Foram validadas como características definidoras para Mobilidade Física Prejudicada (1º DE): Amplitude limitada de movimento (R=1), Capacidade limitada para desempenhar as habilidades motoras grossas (R=1) e Dificuldade para virar-se (R=0,80); (2º DE) Integridade Tissular Prejudicada foi Tecido lesado (R=1) e (3º DE) Integridade da Pele Prejudicada foram Invasão de estruturas do corpo (R=1) e Rompimento da superfície da pele (R=1). As demais características dos três diagnósticos foram consideradas não representativas para o cenário em que se desenvolveu o estudo. Foram incluídas características definidoras adicionais para o 1º DE: Desconforto, para o 2º DE: Dor aguda, Hematoma, Sangramento, Rubor e Calor. Pelo Teste Kappa todas foram consideradas com concordância excelente. Conclusão: Para pacientes submetidos a cateterismo cardíaco diagnóstico ou terapêutico eletivo validou-se três características para o 1º DE; uma para o 2º DE e duas para o 3º DE. Pelo teste Kappa seis características adicionadas aos diagnósticos em estudo, obtiveram concordância excelente entre as peritas. / Introduction: Impaired Physical Mobility is a prior nursing diagnosis (ND) in patients who underwent Cardiac Catheterization. However, for ND Impaired Tissue Integrity and Impaired Skin Integrity, which are frequently established in this scenario, an adequate consensus lacks. Studies for diagnoses validation in patients who underwent proceedings such as diagnostic or therapeutic cardiac catheterization remains unexplored. Objectives: To clinically validate the defining characteristics of the following nursing diagnosis: Impaired Physical Mobility, Impaired Tissue Integrity, and Impaired Skin Integrity in patients who underwent Diagnostic or Therapeutic Cardiac Catheterization; to clinically validate the six additional characteristics in the diagnoses under study. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out in a Hemodynamics Laboratory in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from November 2009 to November 2010. For clinical validation (Fehring Model) an instrument was used with the defining characteristics of the diagnoses being studied. The instrument was applied by two expert nurses. The patients had ≥ 18 years old, of both sexes, who underwent elective Diagnostic or Therapeutic CARDIAC Catheterization via femoral vein. Validated defining characteristics were considered when presenting R > 0.50 (reliability index). The Kappa test was also used to validate the agreement between the observers. DE in the study is based on the NANDA-I Taxonomy. Results: For this study, 250 patients were included, mean age 63±12 years-old. As valid defining characteristics were R ≥ 0.80 for Impaired Physical Mobility (1st ND): limited range of motion (R=1), limited ability to perform gross motor skills (R=1), difficulty turning (R=0,80); Impaired Tissue Integrity (2nd ND) was Injured Tissue (R=1); and Impaired Skin Integrity (3rd ND) were Invasion of Body Structures (R=1) and Disruption of the Skin Surface (R=1). Other characteristics of these three diagnoses were considered not representative for the scenario where this study was applied. Defining characteristics were included in the 1st ND (discomfort) and in the 2nd ND (Acute Pain, Bruising, Bleeding, Redness and Warmth). According to Kappa Test, six characteristics of them were considered with excellent agreement. Conclusion: For patients who underwent elective Diagnostic or Therapeutic Cardiac Catheterization, three were validated in the 1st ND; one in the 2nd ND; and three in the 3rd ND. According to Kappa Test, six additional characteristics obtained excellent agreement between the expert nurses. / Introducción: La Movilidad Física Perjudicada es un Diagnóstico de Enfermería (DE) prioritario para pacientes sometidos a cateterismo cardíaco. Sin embargo, para los diagnósticos de Integridad Tisular Perjudicada e Integridad de la Piel Perjudicada aun no existe un consenso que apunte al más adecuado. Estudios de validación de diagnósticos para pacientes sometidos a procedimientos como cateterismo cardíaco diagnóstico o terapéutico aun son poco explorados. Objetivo: Validar clínicamente las características que definen los diagnósticos de enfermería: Movilidad Física Perjudicada, Integridad Tisular Perjudicada e Integridad de Piel Perjudicada en pacientes sometidos a cateterismo cardíaco y validar seis características adicionales a los diagnósticos en estudio. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en laboratorio de Hemodinamia en el interior de Rio Grande do Sul en el período de noviembre de 2009 a noviembre de 2010. Para la validación clínica (modelo propuesto por Fehring) se utilizó un instrumento con las características que definen los diagnósticos en estudio, siendo aplicado por dos enfermeras perito. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años, de ambos sexos que realizaron cateterismo cardíaco diagnóstico o terapéutico (procedimiento por vía femoral). Fueron consideradas características definidoras validadas aquellas con R>0.50 (valor fidedigno). Fue utilizado el test Kappa para evaluar la concordancia entre los peritos. DE en el estudio se basa en la Taxonomía NANDA-I. Resultados: se incluyeron 250 pacientes, media de edad de 63±12 años. Fueron validadas como características definidoras aquellas con R≥0.80 para Movilidad Física Perjudicada (1ºDE): amplitud limitada de movimiento (R=1), capacidad limitada para desempeñar habilidades motoras complejas (R=1) y dificultad para darse vuelta (R=0.8); Integridad Tisular Perjudicada (2ºDE): tejido lesionado (R=1); Integridad de la Piel Perjudicada (3ºDE): invasión de estructuras del cuerpo (R=1), rotura de la superficie de la piel (R=1). Las demás características de los tres diagnósticos fueron consideradas como no representativas para el escenario donde se desarrolló el estudio. Fueron incluidas características definidoras adicionales para el 1ºDE: incomodidad; para el 2ºDE: dolor agudo, hematomas, sangrado, rubor y calor. Todas ellas mostraron una concordancia excelente al utilizar el test Kappa. Conclusión: Para pacientes sometidos a cateterismo cardíaco diagnóstico o terapéutico, han sido validadas 3 características de 1ºDE, una de 2ºDE, y dos de 3ºDE. Con el test Kappa, seis características adicionales obtuvieron concordancia entre las enfermeras perito.

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Nesta escolha interfere o tipo de procedimento, impacto ao paciente, risco ao profissional e experiência técnica. O acesso via artéria femoral é o mais difundido globalmente e a técnica de acesso pela artéria radial tem sido progressivamente adotada devido ao maior conforto para o paciente, menores taxas de complicações e em alguns cenários, de mortalidade. Um dos focos de interesse crescente é a exposição à radiação ionizante e medidas para minimizar o risco ao paciente e ao profissional. Escassa é a literatura disponível na área e conflitantes são seus resultados. Objetivo: Avaliar os níveis de radiação recebidos pelo médico operador de acordo com as diferentes técnicas de acesso, bem como mapear áreas de escape de radiação. Após essa etapa, o estudo visou desenvolver e validar dispositivo de radioproteção dedicado à técnica radial (TRIPTable) voltado à redução da radiação ao médico operador, comparando o seu impacto à técnica femoral e radial padrão no cenário de pacientes portadores de síndrome coronária aguda randomicamente alocados para cateterismo com intenção de tratamento percutâneo. Métodos: A fase inicial pré-clínica do estudo foi constituída de avaliação em ambiente controlado dos níveis de radiação em pontos pré-especificados de um operador simulado com phantom de água. A fase clínica do estudo foi um ensaio clínico prospectivo, randomizado, unicêntrico, comparativo entre três grupos denominados técnica femoral, técnica radial e técnica radial com dispositivo radioprotetor TRIPTable, recrutados no Hospital das Clínicas de Marília (Marília/SP) e randomizados na proporção 1:1:1 (108 pacientes - 36 por grupo) avaliando a radiação recebida pelo operador em três diferentes pontos (gônadas, tireoide e olhos). Os resultados foram comparados com o grupo controle de 108 pacientes provenientes de coorte randomizada externa entre técnica radial e femoral 1:1, utilizando critérios similares, porém com operadores cegos aos objetivos de avaliação de radiação visando detecção de vieses de técnica (efeito Hawthorne) e validação de resultados. Resultados: Não houve diferença entre o estudo e a coorte externa ou entre os grupos do estudo quanto a características clínicas, desfechos dos procedimentos ou parâmetros de exposição radiológica ao paciente. Os resultados indicam maior radiação recebida pelo operador com a técnica radial (12,5 mSv), seguida da femoral (10,1 mSv) e TRIPTable (6,8 mSv). Em relação aos locais de exposição, o território de gônadas teve maior sensibilidade radiológica com uso da técnica radial (p=0,001). Com uso da técnica femoral não houve diferença entre os três territórios (p=0,398), porém na análise ad hoc o território de gônadas foi mais sensível quando comparado à exposição aos olhos (p=0,016) e limítrofe em comparação à tireoide (p=0,056). No grupo do dispositivo TRIPTable não houve diferença significativa entre qualquer um dos territórios analisados (p=0,180). Conclusões: O estudo indica equivalência entre os resultados do procedimento entre os grupos e quanto à exposição radiológica ao paciente. Contudo, demonstrou maior impacto radiológico para o operador que utilizou a técnica radial, em comparação à técnica femoral e à técnica radial com uso do dispositivo TRIPTable. O uso do dispositivo reduziu o impacto radiológico comparado ainda à técnica femoral. Tais diferenças derivaram primordialmente da variação em território de gônadas. Os achados demonstram um campo de exposição radiológica heterogêneo ao corpo do operador, benefício do dispositivo testado e oportunidade de novas formas de desenvolvimento de medidas de radioproteção. Registros: UTN/OMS - U1111-1158-8591 Plataforma Brasil - CAAE 32767514.0.1001.5413 Clinical Trials - NCT 02200783. / Background: Interventional cardiology requires an invasive vascular access, a choice of medical operator. This choice is affected by type of procedure, patient impact, professional risk and technical experience. Interventional procedures via radial technique have progressively increased due to improved patient comfort, lower complication rates, and reduced mortality in some scenarios. One area of interest is radiation exposure and ways to minimizing it. Most studies focusing on patient radiation risk demonstrated conflicting results, and there is no consensus for increased exposure with any technique. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate radiological exposure under controlled radial and femoral access simulation tests, mapping radiation paths. After this stage, the study developed a radiological protection device for the transradial technique (TRIPTable), comparing its impact as compared to standard femoral and radial techniques in the setting of patients with acute coronary syndrome randomly assigned for catheterization with intent to percutaneous treatment. Methods: Radiation exposure was simulated under controlled conditions for femoral and radial techniques using a pressurized ionization chamber and water phantom. Different measurement points were defined according to standard positions to simulate radiation received by the operator in the gonads, thyroid, and eyes at different angles during real procedures. The clinical phase of the study is a prospective clinical trial, single-center, randomized, and comparing three groups (femoral technique, radial technique, and radial technique with radioprotective device), admitted in the Emergency Department of Hospital das Clinicas de Marilia (Marilia / SP – Brazil). Patients were randomized in a 1:1:1 proportion (108 patients - 36 per group) evaluating the radiation received by the operator measured by dosimetry at three different points (gonads, thyroid and eyes). As it is impossible to blind operators to study techniques, the results were compared to an external control cohort of patients including 108 individuals with similar inclusion and exclusion criteria, randomized for radial and femoral technique, but with blinded operators to radiation objectives, aiming technical bias detection (Hawthorne effect) and validation of results. Results: There was no difference between groups regarding clinical characteristics, procedures or patient radiation exposure outcomes. The results indicate higher radiation received by the operator with the radial technique (12.5 mSv) as compared to femoral technique (10.1 mSv) and TRIPTable technique (6.8 mSv). Regarding exposure locations, the gonad region had a higher radiation sensitivity with radial technique (p=0.001). With femoral technique there was no difference between the three territories (p=0.398) but the ad hoc analysis indicated higher radiosensibility in gonads when compared to eyes exposure (p=0.016) and borderline compared to thyroid exposure (p=0.056). In the TRIPTable device group there was no significant difference between any of the territories analyzed (p=0.180). Conclusions: The study indicates no difference of radiation exposure to the patients between the groups. However, there was a greater radiologic impact to the operator who used the radial technique, compared to the femoral technique and TRIPTable device technique. The device reduced the radiological impact even compared to the femoral technique. Such differences derived primarily from variation in gonads exposure. The findings demonstrate a heterogeneous radiation exposure to the operator body, device benefit and an opportunity to develop new ways to improve radiation protection. Registration: UTN/OMS - U1111-1158-8591 Plataforma Brasil - CAAE 32767514.0.1001.5413 Clinical Trials - NCT 02200783.

Submitted by TATIANE ROBERTA FERNANDES TEIXEIRA null (tatianebt@ig.com.br) on 2016-04-27T14:10:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 mestrado final 2016.pdf: 2224865 bytes, checksum: 8f91df194587a0744ed8ece2327c6d46 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-29T18:54:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 teixeira_trf_me_bot.pdf: 2224865 bytes, checksum: 8f91df194587a0744ed8ece2327c6d46 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T18:54:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 teixeira_trf_me_bot.pdf: 2224865 bytes, checksum: 8f91df194587a0744ed8ece2327c6d46 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / A Organização Mundial da Saúde classificou as doenças cardiovasculares como as principais causas de mortes no mundo, responsáveis por altas taxas de internação e elevados custos hospitalares. A expressividade desses valores tem elevado os investimentos das técnicas e tecnologias utilizadas na elucidação diagnóstica e terapêuticas eficazes com intenção do controle dessas doenças. Esses avanços contribuem para o aprimoramento de estudos realizados em laboratórios de hemodinâmica como o cateterismo cardíaco. Esse exame, considerado padrão ouro no diagnóstico das obstruções coronárias, tem cerca de 80% dos procedimentos ambulatoriais, com a vantagem da redução do tempo de permanência no hospital e a desvantagem de diminuir o tempo de contato com a equipe, contribuindo para falhas na comunicação e interferindo na percepção dos profissionais no que se refere as necessidades e sentimentos do usuário em relação ao procedimento. Diante do exposto, este estudo tem por objetivo compreender o significado e descrever as informações recebidas sobre o cateterismo cardíaco aos usuários de um serviço de hemodinâmica, com vistas a elaborar orientações de enfermagem no pré-procedimento. É um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, que foi realizado no setor de hemodinâmica, de um Hospital de Ensino do Interior do Estado de São Paulo. Participaram do estudo 31 pacientes adultos que, pela primeira vez, estavam em procedimento de cateterismo cardíaco eletivo os quais aceitaram participar, assinando o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, realizada pela pesquisadora e a análise dos dados foi realizada pelo método de Análise de Conteúdo. Dos discursos dos entrevistados emergiram as seguintes categorias: os usuários conseguem relatar os sintomas e a trajetória que os levaram à realização do cateterismo cardíaco; as informações para o procedimento de cateterismo cardíaco são fornecidas na forma escrita, porém parcialmente assimiladas pelos usuários; os usuários desconhecem o procedimento de cateterismo cardíaco; a realização do cateterismo cardíaco mobiliza sentimentos de ansiedade e os usuários têm esperança de que o cateterismo cardíaco promova mudanças que melhorem a qualidade de vida. Os resultados do estudo permitem concluir que os usuários demonstram conhecimento insatisfatório acerca do cateterismo cardíaco e que as informações recebidas são parcialmente assimiladas, evidenciando a importância da equipe investir em capacitação comunicativa e no planejamento de orientações que fortaleçam os indivíduos na promoção da saúde, esperança e autonomia, além de estimular o reconhecimento das ações de Enfermagem. / The World Health Organization ranked cardiovascular diseases as the leading cause of death worldwide, being responsible for high rates of hospitalization and high hospital costs. These remarkable values have led to high investments in techniques and technology used in laboratory diagnosis and effective treatment in order to control these diseases. These advances contribute to the improvement of studies in hemodynamic laboratories, such as cardiac catheterization. This exam, considered gold standard in the diagnosis of coronary obstructions, amounts to about 80 % of outpatient procedures, with the advantage of reducing the patient's stay in hospital and the disadvantage of reducing the contact time with the team, contributing to failures in communication, and thus interfering with the staff’s perception of the user’s needs and feelings about the procedure. Given the above, this study aims to understand the meaning and describe the information received by the users of a hemodynamic service about the cardiac catheterization in order to prepare pre-procedure nursing guidelines. It is a descriptive qualitative study, which was conducted in the hemodynamic sector of a school hospital in São Paulo State. The study included 31 adult first-time patients who were under elective cardiac catheterization procedure and agreed to participate by signing the Instrument of Consent. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview, conducted by the researcher and data analysis was performed by the content analysis method. From the interviews the following categories emerged: users can report symptoms and the path that led to cardiac catheterization; the information for the cardiac catheterization procedure is provided in written form, but partially assimilated by users; users are unaware of the cardiac catheterization procedure; the cardiac catheterization mobilizes feelings of anxiety and users hope that the cardiac catheterization may promote changes which will improve their quality of life. The study results support the conclusion that the patients have poor knowledge about cardiac catheterization and the received information is partially assimilated, showing the importance for the staff to invest in communication training and planning guidelines which can reinforce individuals in health promotion, hope and autonomy in addition to stimulate the recognition of Nursing actions.