The threat of global warming is bringing a new pro-environmental paradigm all over the world under the Kyoto Protocol. Addressing climate change is beneficial to all countries because environment is global public good. However, because global warming is also closely related to each country’s specific condition such as industrial development and political situation, prudent approaches considering different situations of each country are required in order prevent unintended negative consequences. This study focuses on the weakness of the current CDM (Clean Development Mechanism) in terms of impeding sustainable development in LDCs (Least Development Countries). As a case study, the Grameen Shakti Program in Bangladesh demonstrates the potential scenario of sustainable development in LDCs through CDM markets and a new financial model of CERs (Certified Emissions Reductions) is suggested to support and replicate the Grameen Shakti Program other LDCs. / text

Au cours de la dernière décennie, l'Union Européenne a instauré une réglementation environnementale afin de limiter les émissions de Gaz à Effet de Serre sur son territoire. Ceci a contribué à la mise en place d'un marché du carbone européen (EU ETS) où s'échangent des certificats d'émission de CO2 (les EUA et les CER) ainsi que des produits dérivés reliés à ceux-ci. Ce mémoire aura pour objectif d'évaluer et de comparer différents modèles afin de représenter le prix des certificats d'émission et de tarifer les produits dérivés des marchés du carbone. / During the last decade, the European Union has regulated emissions of Greenhouse Gases on its own territory. Consequently, a European Carbon Market (EU ETS) is currently emerging where CO2 emission certificates (EUA and CER) and derivatives are traded on Exchanges. The objectif of this research is to evaluate and compare different models to represent the emission certificates' price and to price derivatives of the carbon markets. / L'analyse statistique des données a été effectuée avec le logiciel R.

Zugl.: Oldenburg, Univ., Diss., 2008

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:06:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AseneteFC_DISSERT.pdf: 1219908 bytes, checksum: bebef255f66d82cd8504a8398fd23379 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-10 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Inorganic pigment comprises a host lattice, which is part of the chromophore component (usually a transition metal cation) and possible components modifiers, which stabilize, add or restate the properties pigments. Among the materials with spinel, ferrites, and the chromite stand out, because they have broad technological importance in the area of materials, applicability, pigments, catalytic hydrogenation, thin film, ceramic tiles, among others. The present work, pigments containing CuFe2O4, CuCr2O4,e CuFeCrO4, were synthesized by a method that makes use of gelatin as organic precursor using their application to ceramic pigments. The pigments were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) spectroscopy in the UV-visible and Colorimetry. The results confirmed the feasibility of the synthetic route used, with respect to powders synthesized, there is the formation of spinel phase from 500?C, with an increase in crystallinity and the formation of other phases. The pigments were shown to be crystalline and the desired phases were obtained. The copper chromite have hues ranging from green to black according to the calcination temperature, while the copper chromite doped with iron had brownish. The ferrites showed copper color and darker brown to black, which may indicate an interesting factor because of the importance of black pigment / Pigmento inorg?nico ? formado por uma rede hospedeira, na qual se integra o componente crom?foro (normalmente um c?tion de metal de transi??o) e os poss?veis componentes modificadores, que estabilizam, conferem ou reafirmam as propriedades pigmentantes. Dentre os pigmentos, as estruturas tipo espin?lio se destacam por possuir ampla import?ncia tecnol?gica na ?rea de materiais, com aplica??o em pigmentos, cat?lise de hidrogena??o, filmes finos, revestimentos cer?micos, dentre outros. No presente trabalho, pigmentos contendo CuFe2O4, CuCr2O4,e CuFeCrO4 foram sintetizados por uma nova rota qu?mica usando gelatina como precursor org?nico visando sua aplica??o para pigmentos cer?micos. Os pigmentos foram caracterizados por difra??o de raios X (DRX), espectroscopia na regi?o do Infravermelho, Microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV) espectroscopia na regi?o do UV-Vis?vel e Colorimetria. Os resultados confirmaram a viabilidade da rota de s?ntese utilizada; Com rela??o aos p?s-sintetizados, observase a forma??o da fase espin?lio a partir de 500oC, com um aumento da cristalinidade, bem como a forma??o de outras fases. Os pigmentos se mostraram cristalinos e as fases desejadas foram obtidas. As cromitas de cobre possuem tonalidades que v?o do verde ao preto, de acordo com a temperatura de calcina??o, enquanto que as cromitas de cobre dopadas com ferro obtiveram colora??o marrom. As ferritas de cobre apresentaram cores bem mais escuras, do marrom ao preto, o que ? uma caracter?stica interessante devido ? grande import?ncia dos pigmentos pretos na ind?stria cer?mica

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoFM.pdf: 4456392 bytes, checksum: 36e6d8718ecd158955c24006e7afca9a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-30 / The mining industry is responsible for the generation of waste from their natural process of extraction. The mining impacts in urban areas are of special importance due to the high urban occupation, which are exacerbated due to the proximity of the mined areas and populated areas. Some solutions to wastedisposal have the potential to significantly reduce the environmental risks and liabilities, but represent higher costs in the stages of deployment and operation. The addition of mining waste as raw material in the development of commercial products reduces the environmental impacts, transforming the waste into a positive element in the generation of employment and income. This thesis studies the incorporation of waste iron ore in two clays, one from the ceramic industry of the City of Natal and the other from the ceramic industry of the Serid? Region, both in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Percentages of iron ore waste of 5%, 10% , 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% were used in the tested ceramic matrix. The two clays and the iron ore waste used as part of this investigation were characterized by X-ray diffraction tests, X-ray fluorescence tests, differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and dilatometric analysis. The samples were sintered under temperatures of 850 ?C, 950 ?C and 1050?C at a heating rate of 5 ?C/min with isotherms of two hours. The following tests were performed with the samples: linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent density, mass loss in fire and bending resistance in order to obtain their physical and mechanical properties. An amount of 5% of waste iron ore in the matrix clay at a temperature of 850 0C resulted in na increase of about 65% in the tensile strength of the clay samples from the Natal ceramic industry. A linear shrinkage of only 0.12% was observed for the samples, which indicates that the physical properties of the final product were not influenced by the addition of the waste / A ind?stria extrativa mineral ? respons?vel pela gera??o de res?duos provenientes do seu processo natural de extra??o. Os impactos da minera??o em ?rea urbana revestem-se de especial import?ncia devido ao alto grau de ocupa??o urbana, que s?o agravados face ? proximidade entre as ?reas mineradas e as ?reas habitadas. Algumas solu??es de disposi??o de res?duos t?m potencial de reduzir significativamente os riscos e o passivo ambiental, por?m representam custos elevados nas etapas de implanta??o e de opera??o. A adi??o de res?duos de min?rio de ferro como mat?ria-prima na elabora??o de produtos que s?o utilizados comercialmente tem como objetivo diminuir os impactos ambientais, transformando esses res?duos em elementos positivos na gera??o de trabalho e renda. O presente trabalho estuda a incorpora??o de res?duo de min?rio de ferro em duas argilas, uma do p?lo cer?mico da Grande Natal e outra do p?lo cer?mico da Regi?o do Serid?, ambas do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, em percentuais de 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% e 30%, com o intuito de verificar a potencialidade da incorpora??o do res?duo em matriz cer?mica. As mat?rias-primas foram caracterizadas atrav?s dos ensaios de difra??o de raios X, fluoresc?ncia de raios X, an?lise t?rmica diferencial, an?lise termogravim?trica e an?lise dilatom?trica. Os corpos-de-prova foram conformados e em seguida sinterizados nas temperaturas de 850 ?C, 950 ?C e 1050 ?C, ? taxa de aquecimento de 5 ?C/min, com iso terma de duas horas. Foram realizados os ensaios tecnol?gicos de retra??o linear de queima, absor??o de ?gua, porosidade aparente, massa espec?fica aparente, perda demassa ao fogo e tens?o de ruptura ? flex?o, com o intuito de se obter suas propriedades f?sicas e mec?nica. A argila do p?lo cer?mico da Grande Natal apresentou um aumento em torno de 65% na tens?o de ruptura ? flex?o, com um percentual ?nfimo de 0,12% na sua retra??o linear de queima, quando adicionados 5% de res?duo de min?rio de ferro na matriz de argila ? temperatura de 850 ?C, n?o comprometendo assim as p ropriedades f?sicas do produto final

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ElialdoCS_TESE.pdf: 4625434 bytes, checksum: bec8d03e9004e11648c49c45f84ffe0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-26 / Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte / The dielectric porcelain is usually obtained by mixing various raw materials proportions and is used in the production of electronic equipment for various applications, from capacitors of high and low Power to insulators for low, medium, high and extra high voltage, which are used in distribution lines and transmission of electricity.This work was directed to the s tudy of technological properties of technic porcelain, made from raw materials extracted from pegmatites found in the regions of Serid? and the Alto Oeste of Rio Grande do Norte, which are made of kaolin, quartz and feldspar, abundant and high quality in these regions. The technic ceramics were obtained by mixing in appropriate levels, kaolin, feldspar, quartz and clay, the last item from a pottery in the city of Sao Gon?alo do Amarante, Rio Grande do Norte. During the development the following characterizations correlated to raw materials were made: laser particle sizing, x-ray diffraction, DTA and TG. The compositions studied were formed by uniaxial pressing at a pressure of 50 MPa and sintered at temperatures ranging from 1150 to 1350?C and levels (times) of sintering between 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. The characterization of the samples were taken from the analysis of weight loss, linear shrinkage, porosity, stoneware curve, bulk density, flexural strength of three points, SEM and X-ray diffraction, TMA, Dielectric and cross Resistivity. The studied materials can be employed in producing the objects used in electrical engineering such as: insulators for low, medium and high-voltage electrical systems, command devices, bushing insulation for transformers, power capacitors, spark plugs, receptacles for fluorescent and incandescent light bulbs and others / A porcelana diel?trica ? normalmente obtida atrav?s da mistura de diferentes mat?rias-primas, em propor??es adequadas, sendo utilizada na produ??o de equipamentos eletroeletr?nicos de diversas aplica??es, desde capacitores de alta e baixa pot?ncia, a isoladores para baixa, m?dia, alta e extra alta tens?o, que s?o utilizados em linhas de distribui??o e transmiss?o de energia el?trica. Neste trabalho, s?o estudadas as propriedades tecnol?gicas de uma porcelana diel?trica, formulada a partir de mat?rias-primas obtidas de pegmatitos encontrados nas regi?es do Serid? e do Alto Oeste do Rio Grande do Norte, sendo estas constitu?das de caulim, quartzo e feldspato, abundantes e de alta qualidade nestas regi?es, e de uma argila proveniente de uma cer?mica situada no munic?pio de S?o Gon?alo do Amarante, tamb?m no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. As mat?rias-primas foram caracterizadas atrav?s de: granulometria a laser, difra??o de raios X, an?lise t?rmica diferencial e an?lise termogravim?trica. As amostras foram conformadas por prensagem uniaxial a uma press?o de 50 MPa, e sinterizadas ?s temperaturas de 1150, 1200, 1250, 1300 e 1350 ?C, com patamares de sinteriza??o de 30, 60, 90 e 120 minutos. Os ensaios tecnol?gicos realizados foram: an?lise da perda de massa, retra??o linear, porosidade, curva de gressifica??o, microscopia eletr?nica de varredura, difra??o de raios X, dilatometria, rigidez diel?trica, resistividade transversal e permissividade diel?trica. Os melhores valores de propriedades foram obtidos na temperatura de 1250 ?C, para as composi??es estudadas, n?o sofrendo varia??es significativas em seu comportamento com o tempo de sinteriza??o. Os materiais estudados podem ser empregados na obten??o de objetos usados em eletrot?cnica como por exemplo: isoladores de baixa, m?dia e alta-tens?o para redes el?tricas, dispositivos de comando, bucha de isolamento de transformador, capacitores de pot?ncia, vela de igni??o, recept?culos de l?mpadas incandescentes e fluorescentes e outros

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GlebaCLS_TESE_PARCIAL.pdf: 867517 bytes, checksum: 987b25ef4fe3ce3f0c98936233c9caed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-20 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In the State Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, the most significant deposits of minerals in the production of granite and pegmatite are Serid? region. Municipalities of Parelhas and Equador are the main responsible for the production of feldspar, quartz, kaolin and granite. The ceramic industries are always in search of competitiveness by investing in new products or improving existing techniques. The stoneware is a type of pottery that stands in the market because it presents technical and aesthetic characteristics superior to other existing products. Characteristics of the raw materials initially obtained with chemical analysis and mineralogical analysis are crucial in getting a product that satisfies the conditions in a manufacturing process and is, in principle, directly related to the firing cycle. This research aimed at developing new formulations for the mass production of ceramic stoneware. The raw materials initially characterized were feldspar, quartz, kaolin and granite. As part of the research was developed at the University of Aveiro, in Portugal, we used two clays used in the production of Portuguese ceramics. The raw material Brazilian and Portuguese and the final product, both in Portugal and Brazil, were analyzed for X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, granulometric analysis, dilatometric analysis, thermal analysis and analysis of scanning electron microscopy (MEV). The specimens prepared at the University of Aveiro (DECV) were sintered at 10000C and 12000C and the specimens prepared in UFRN were sintered at 10000C, 10500C, 11000C, 11500C, 12000C, 12500C and 13000C, but the best results and demonstrating the presence of the mineral mullite were at temperatures of 12000C, 12500C and 13000C. The results showed that the granite waste used may be considered raw material of excellent quality for use in the ceramic industry and coating floors and more accurately by the industry of stoneware. Physical and mechanical tests conducted on samples of the formulations F01 and F02 developed in UFRN showed a water absorption and mechanical strength suitable for the stoneware / No estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, as jazidas mais expressivas na produ??o de minerais de pegmatito e granito est?o na regi?o do Serid?. Os munic?pios de Parelhas e Equador s?o os principais respons?veis pela produ??o de feldspato, quartzo caulim e granito. As ind?strias cer?micas est?o sempre em busca de competitividade, investindo em novos produtos e/ou aprimorando as t?cnicas existentes. O gr?s porcelanato ? um tipo de cer?mica que se destaca no mercado, pois apresenta caracter?sticas t?cnicas e est?ticas superiores a de outros produtos existentes. As caracter?sticas das mat?rias-primas obtidas inicialmente com a an?lise qu?mica e a an?lise mineral?gica s?o decisivas para que se obtenha um produto com as condi??es que satisfa?a a um processo de fabrica??o estando, a princ?pio, diretamente relacionados com o ciclo de queima. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de novas formula??es de massas cer?micas para a produ??o de gr?s porcelanato. As mat?rias-primas caracterizadas inicialmente foram o feldspato, o quartzo, o caulim e o granito. Como parte da pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Universidade de Aveiro, em Portugal, foram usadas duas argilas empregadas na produ??o de cer?micas portuguesas. A mat?ria-prima brasileira e portuguesa e o produto final, tanto em Portugal como no Brasil, foram submetidos ?s an?lises de fluoresc?ncia de raios-X, difra??o de raios-X, an?lise granulom?trica, an?lise dilatom?trica, an?lises t?rmicas e an?lises de microscopia eletr?nica de varredura. Os corpos de prova preparados na Universidade de Aveiro (DECV) foram sinterizados a 1000 ?C e 1200 ?C e os corpos de prova preparados na UFRN foram sinterizados a 1000 ?C, 1050 ?C, 1100 ?C, 1150 ?C, 1200 ?C, 1250 ?C e 1300 ?C, por?m os melhores resultados obtidos e que evidenciaram a presen?a do mineral mulita foram nas temperaturas de 1200 ?C, 1250 ?C e 1300 ?C. Os resultados mostraram que o res?duo de granito usado pode ser considerado mat?ria-prima de excelente qualidade para uso na ind?stria cer?mica de pisos e revestimento e mais exatamente pela ind?stria de gr?s porcelanato. Os ensaios f?sicos e mec?nicos realizados nos corpos de prova das formula??es 01 e 02 desenvolvidas na UFRN apresentaram uma absor??o de ?gua e resist?ncia mec?nica pr?prias para o gr?s

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EricaNMGP_TESE.pdf: 149123 bytes, checksum: d13a2a775b94d69d52d9e403106d2117 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-01 / The development of activities the of oil and gas sector have promoted the search for suitable materials for cementing oil wells. In the state of the Rio Grande do Norte, the integrity of the cement sheath tends to be impaired during steam injection, a procedure necessary to increase oil recovery in reservoirs with low-viscosity oil. The geopolymer is a material that can be used as alternative cement, since it has been used in the production of fire-resistant components, building structures, and for the control of toxic or radioactive residues. Geopolymers result from condensation polymer alkali aluminosilicates and silicates resulting three-dimensional polymeric structures. They are produced in a manner different from that of Portland cement, which is made an activating solution that is mixed with geopolymer precursor. Among the few works studied allowed us to conclude that the pastes prepared with metakaolin as precursor showed better performance of its properties. Several studies show the addition of waste clay as a means of reducing cost and improving end of the folder properties. On this basis, the goal is to study the influence of the addition of ceramic waste in geopolymer paste. To develop the study of rheology tests were carried out, filtered, thickening time, compressive strength, free water, specific gravity and permeability, according to the American Pretoleum Institute (API). The results for all formulations studied show that the folders have high mechanical strength to a light paste; low filtrate volume, absence of free water, very low permeability, slurry, consistent with a light paste, and thickening time low that can be corrected with the use of a retardant handle. For morphological characterization, microstructural, physical, chemical and thermal tests were carried out by XRD, MEV, DTA, TG, FTIR. In the trial of XRD, it was found that geopolymer is an amorphous material, with a peak of crystalline kaolinite. In tests of TG / DTA, revealed the presence of a significant event, which represents the mass loss related to water, and also observed the reduction of weight loss by increasing the concentration of ceramic waste. In the trial of MEV, we found a uniform matrix without the presence of other phases. In the trial of FT-IR, we observed the presence of the band related to water. From all results it was determined that the optimum concentration range of use is between 2.5 and 5% of waste ceramic / O desenvolvimento das atividades do setor de petr?leo e g?s tem promovido a busca de materiais mais adequados para cimenta??o de po?os de petr?leo. No estado do RN, a integridade da bainha cimentante tende a ser prejudicada durante a inje??o de vapor, procedimento necess?rio para aumentar a recupera??o do petr?leo em reservat?rios com ?leo de alta viscosidade. O geopol?mero ? um material que pode ser utilizado como cimento alternativo, uma vez que vem sendo empregado na produ??o de componentes resistentes ao fogo, na constru??o de estruturas, e para o controle de res?duos t?xicos ou radioativos. Geopol?meros resultam da condensa??o polim?rica de aluminosilicatos e silicatos alcalinos originando estruturas polim?ricas tridimensionais. S?o produzidos de uma maneira distinta daquela do cimento Portland, onde ? feita uma solu??o ativadora que ? misturada ao precurssor geopolim?rico. Dentre os trabalhos estudados, alguns permitiram-nos concluir que as pastas preparadas com metacaulim como precursor apresentaram melhor desempenho de suas propriedades. V?rios estudos apresentam a adi??o de res?duos argilosos como forma de redu??o do custo final e melhoria das propriedades da pasta. Com base nisso, o objetivo do trabalho ? estudar a influ?ncia da adi??o de rejeito cer?mico em pastas geopolim?ricas. Para o desenvolvimento do estudo foram realizados testes de reologia, filtrado, tempo de espessamento, resist?ncia ? compress?o, ?gua livre, peso espec?fico e permeabilidade, de acordo com o American Pretoleum Institute (API). Os resultados encontrados para todas as formula??es demonstram que as pastas estudadas apresentam resist?ncia mec?nica elevada para uma pasta leve; volume de filtrado baixo; aus?ncia de ?gua livre; permeabilidade muito baixa; pasta flu?da, coerente com uma pasta leve; e tempo de espessamento baixo, que pode ser corrigido com a utiliza??o de um retardador de pega. Para caracteriza??o morfol?gica, microestrutural, f?sico-qu?mica, qu?mica e t?rmica, foram realizadas caracteriza??es por DRX, MEV, DTA, TG, FT-IR. No ensaio de DRX, verificou-se que o geopol?mero ? um material amorfo, com um pico cristalino de caulinita. Nos testes de TG/DTA, foi observado a presen?a de um evento significativo, que representa a perda de massa referente a ?gua, sendo observado tamb?m a redu??o da perda de massa com o aumento da concentra??o de rejeito cer?mico. No ensaio de MEV, encontrou-se uma matriz uniforme e nos espectros de FT-IR, observou-se a presen?a da banda referente ? ?gua. A partir de todos os resultados foi poss?vel determinar que a faixa de concentra??o ?tima de rejeito cer?mico para uso em pastas geopolim?ricas ? entre 2,5 e 5 %

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseCCSJ_TESE.pdf: 3857511 bytes, checksum: 1d384b3892d7aeac8dab23519e4bb09a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Over recent years the structural ceramics industry in Brazil has found a very favorable market for growth. However, difficulties related to productivity and product quality are partially inhibiting this possible growth. An alternative for trying to solve these problems and, thus, provide the pottery industry the feasibility of full development, is the substitution of firewood used in the burning process by natural gas. In order to contribute to this process of technological innovation, this paper studies the effect of co-use of ceramic phyllite and kaolin waste on the properties of a clay matrix, verifying the possible benefits that these raw materials can give to the final product, as well as the possibility of such materials to reduce the heat load necessary to obtain products with equal or superior quality. The study was divided into two steps: characterization of materials and study of formulations. Two clays, a phyllite and a residue of kaolin were characterized by the following techniques: laser granulometry, plasticity index by Atterberg limits, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, mineralogical composition by Rietveld, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis. To study the formulations, specifically for evaluation of technological properties of the parts, was performed an experimental model that combined planning involving a mixture of three components (standard mass x phyllite x kaolin waste) and a 23 factorial design with central point associated with thermal processing parameters. The experiment was performed with restricted strip-plot randomization. In total, 13 compositional points were investigated within the following constraints: phyllite ≤ 20% by weight, kaolin waste ≤ 40% by weight, and standard mass ≥ 60% by weight. The thermal parameters were used at the following levels: 750 and 950 ?C to the firing temperature, 5 and 15 ?C/min at the heating rate, 15 and 45min to the baseline. The results showed that the introduction of phyllite and/or kaolin waste in ceramic body produced a number of benefits in properties of the final product, such as: decreased absorption of water, apparent porosity and linear retraction at burn; besides the increase in apparent specific mass and mechanical properties of parts. The best results were obtained in the compositional points where the sum of the levels of kaolin waste and phyllite was maximal (40% by weight), as well as conditions which were used in firing temperatures of 950 ?C. Regarding the prospect of savings in heat energy required to form the desired microstructure, the phyllite and the residue of kaolin, for having small particle sizes and constitutions mineralogical phases with the presence of fluxes, contributed to the optimization of the firing cycle. / Ao longo dos ?ltimos anos a ind?stria de cer?mica estrutural no Brasil vem encontrando um mercado bastante favor?vel para o crescimento. Entretanto dificuldades relacionadas ? produtividade e qualidade dos produtos est?o inibindo parcialmente esse poss?vel crescimento. Uma das alternativas para tentar solucionar esses problemas e, consequentemente, proporcionar ao setor oleiro a viabilidade do pleno desenvolvimento, ? a substitui??o da lenha utilizada no processo de queima pelo g?s natural. Com o intuito de contribuir nesse processo de inova??o tecnol?gica, o presente trabalho trata-se de um estudo do efeito da co-utiliza??o de filito cer?mico e res?duo de caulim sobre as propriedades de uma matriz argilosa, verificando os poss?veis benef?cios que esses materiais podem atribuir ao produto final, bem como, a possibilidade dessas mat?rias-primas reduzirem a carga t?rmica necess?ria para obten??o de produtos de igual ou superior qualidade. O trabalho foi divido em duas etapas: caracteriza??o dos materiais e estudo das formula??es. Duas argilas, um filito e um res?duo de caulim foram caracterizados atrav?s das seguintes t?cnicas: granulometria ? laser, ?ndice de plasticidade pelos limites Atterberg, fluoresc?ncia de raios X, difra??o de raios X, composi??o mineral?gica por Rietveld, an?lise termogravim?trica e an?lise t?rmica diferencial. Para o estudo das formula??es, mais especificamente para avalia??o das propriedades tecnol?gicas das pe?as, foi executado um modelo experimental que combinou um planejamento envolvendo mistura de tr?s componentes (massa padr?o x filito x res?duo de caulim) e um planejamento fatorial 23 com ponto central associado aos par?metros t?rmicos de processamento. A experimenta??o foi realizada com restri??o na aleatoriza??o por strip-plot. No total foram investigados 13 pontos composicionais dentro das seguintes restri??es: filito ≤ 20% em peso; res?duo de caulim ≤ 40% em peso; e massa padr?o ≥ 60% em peso. Os par?metros t?rmicos foram utilizados nos seguintes n?veis: 750 e 950 ?C para temperatura de queima; 5 e 15 ?C/min para a taxa de aquecimento; 15 e 45 min para o patamar. Os resultados obtidos demostraram que a introdu??o do filito e/ou res?duo de caulim na massa cer?mica produz uma s?rie de benef?cios nas propriedades do produto final, tais como: redu??o na absor??o de ?gua, porosidade aparente e retra??o linear de queima; al?m do aumento na massa espec?fica aparente e na resist?ncia mec?nica das pe?as. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos nos pontos composicionais em que a soma dos teores de filito e res?duo de caulim foi m?xima (40 % em peso), assim como, nas condi??es de queima em que foram utilizadas temperaturas de 950 ?C. Em rela??o ? perspectiva de economia na energia t?rmica necess?ria para forma??o da microestrutura desej?vel, o filito e o res?duo de caulim por apresentarem pequenos tamanhos de part?culas e constitui??es mineral?gicas com presen?a de fases fundentes, contribu?ram para a otimiza??o do ciclo de queima.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TercioGM_TESE.pdf: 5867799 bytes, checksum: 0584d96a18e4441b6389a02717093ac4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Extractivism mineral is considered an activity highly degrading, due to the large volume of material that he moves in the form of ore and residues. The vast majority of mining companies do not show any technology or economically viable application that will allow the recycling of mineral residue, these being launched in areas receiving located the "open skies" degrade the environment. In Rio Grande do Norte to the production of ceramic red restricts their activities to the production of products such as: solid bricks, ceramic blocks, tiles, among others. Seeking to unite experiences and technical information that favor sustainable development, with important benefits to the construction sector and civil society in general, the present work studies the incorporation of the residue of scheelite in ceramic matrix kaolinitic, coming from the municipality of Boa Sa?de - RN, in percentage of 5 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30% 40% and 50 %, by evaluating its microstructure, physical properties and formulation. The raw materials were characterized through the trials of X ray fluorescence, Diffraction of X rays, Differential Thermal Analysis and Termogravimetric Analysis. The samples were formed and fired at temperatures of 850o, 900o, 1000o, 1050o, 1100o, 1150o and 1200 oC, with isotherm of 1 hour and heating rate of 10 oC/min. Assays were performed technological of loss to fire, Water Absorption, Apparent Porosity, Apparent Density, Mass Loss in Fire and Bending Resistance; in addition to the Scanning Electron Microscopy, analyzing their physical and mechanical properties. The use of residue of scheelite in ceramic mass kaolinitic provided a final product with technological properties that meet the technical standards for the production of bricks and roofing tiles, with the percentage of 20% of waste that showed the best results / O extrativismo mineral ? considerado uma atividade altamente degradante, devido ao grande volume de material que ele movimenta em forma de min?rio e res?duo. A grande maioria das empresas mineradoras n?o apresenta nenhuma tecnologia ou aplica??o economicamente vi?vel que permitam a reciclagem do res?duo mineral, sendo estes lan?ados em ?reas de recebimento localizadas a c?u aberto , degradando o meio ambiente. No Rio Grande do Norte a produ??o de cer?mica vermelha restringe suas atividades ? produ??o de produtos como: tijolos maci?os, blocos cer?micos, telhas, dentre outros. Buscando unir experi?ncias e informa??es t?cnicas que favore?am o desenvolvimento sustent?vel, com importantes benef?cios ao setor da Constru??o Civil e ? sociedade em geral, o presente trabalho estuda a incorpora??o do res?duo de scheelita em matriz cer?mica caulin?tica, proveniente do munic?pio de Boa Sa?de RN, em percentuais de 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% 40% e 50%, avaliando sua microestrutura, propriedades f?sicas e formula??o. As mat?rias-primas foram caracterizadas atrav?s dos ensaios de Fluoresc?ncia de raios X, Difra??o de raios X, An?lise T?rmica Diferencial e An?lise Termogravim?trica. Os corpos de prova foram conformados e queimados nas temperaturas de 850o, 900o, 1000o, 1050o, 1100o, 1150o e 1200 oC, com isoterma de 1 hora e taxa de aquecimento de 10 oC/min. Foram realizados os ensaios tecnol?gicos de Perda ao Fogo, Absor??o de ?gua, Porosidade Aparente, Massa Espec?fica Aparente e Tens?o de Ruptura ? Flex?o; al?m da Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura, analisando-se suas propriedades f?sicas e mec?nicas. A utiliza??o de res?duo de scheelita em massa cer?mica caulin?tica propiciou um produto final com propriedades tecnol?gicas que atendem as normas t?cnicas para produ??o de blocos e telhas cer?micas, sendo que o percentual de 20% de res?duo apresentou os melhores resultados