Memoria para optar al título de Arquitecto / Las profundas transformaciones en el territorio durante las últimas décadas, han desencadenado una explosiva expansión urbana en las ciudades intermedias de Chile, configurando un modelo de ciudad disperso y difuso. Este es el caso de Temuco, donde la estructura de crecimiento de la ciudad no ha respondido a la geografía existente de manera coherente, motivo por el cual los elementos naturales se encuentran desarticulados de la trama urbana. Para de revertir esta problemática se propone desarrollar un parque urbano a pie de monte del Cerro Ñielol, como una zona de transición e integración entre el elemento natural y la trama urbana, con el fin de no sólo frenar la presión de la ciudad hacia el cerro, sino también aumentar la cantidad de áreas verdes de la ciudad de Temuco.

Instances of fault-controlled monogenetic volcanism across the subduction arc of the Central Andes at ~ 23°S illuminate the nature of different parental melts being delivered to the crust. Evidence of magmatic history is preserved in bulk rock geochemistry, the content of melt inclusions, and mineral compositions. Volcanism in this region is dominated by felsic and intermediates lavas as the thickened crust (55 – 65 km) and vast volumes (> 500,000 km3) of mid-crustal magma beneath the Altiplano-Puna high plateau region prevent mafic magmas from reaching the surface (Davidson & De Silva, 1991; Beck et al., 1996; Perkins et al., 2016). However, small volumes of relatively undifferentiated lava have been delivered from the lower crust to the surface along zones of crustal weakness without extensive processing by crustal assimilation and/or extended storage in sub-volcanic magma chambers. Monogenetic eruptions of less-differentiated lava provide important constraints on compositions normally obscured by crustal processing in the Central Andes. Basaltic andesite sampled within the frontal arc (Cerro Overo maar) is a regional mafic end-member and approximates the composition of parental arc magmas derived from partially-molten lower crustal regions where mantle-derived magmas interact with the surrounding lithosphere and undergo density differentiation (MASH zones). Basaltic olivine-hosted melt inclusions from Cerro Overo provide a glimpse of less-evolved melt composition from this region and suggest mobilization of MASH magma by injection of basaltic melt. Basaltic andesite sampled from the eastern (back) margin of the frontal arc (Puntas Negras – El Laco) is another regional mafic endmember, representing a mantle-derived magma composition that is transitional between subduction arc magmatism and intraplate magmatism of the back-arc. The internal crystal architecture revealed by major and trace element zoning of olivine phenocrysts indicates Cerro Overo magma experienced continuous ascent, while Puntas Negras magma experienced a brief period of stalling or storage near the brittle-ductile transition zone (~ 25 km). Aphyric intermediate monogenetic lavas sampled west of (before) the frontal arc display Adakite-like signatures (e.g. high Sr/Y and Sm/Yb) represent small amounts of melt generated with a significant contribution from direct melting of the metabasaltic slab or delaminated lithospheric root at high pressure. These three magmatic regimes sampled at monogenetic centers approximate different end-member compositions being delivered to the lower crust of the Central Andes from which the range of intermediate main arc volcanism in the Altiplano-Puna region is ultimately derived.

No description available.

Tiwanaku in Moquegua: Regional Interactions and CollapseThe synthesis of data from excavations and systematic survey of the Osmore drainage promotes a new vision of the relationships between Wari, Tiwanaku, and indigenous people of the region during the Middle Horizon and the beginning of the Late Intermediate Period. A series of facts are effectively established that must be considered in future interpretations. Among others, we note the apparent contemporaneity of Tiwanaku and Wari settlements in the middle and upper sections of the Osmore drainage, generally isolated in their own geographic zones. There are no signs of military conflict or fear of it during perhaps centuries of contact, even though both groups considered the site of Cerro Baúl to be a huaca that only the Wari controlled. Nor was there exchange of goods, suggesting social as well as spatial isolation. We describe the contemporaneity of two Tiwanaku traditions, marked by the Omo and Chen Chen ceramic styles, which were previously considered sequential phases. Finally, we confirm that at the end of the Middle Horizon. Wari abandoned the region, leaving people of the Tiwanaku tradition to divide into local groups and flee to distant, defensible sites at the beginning of the troubled times of the Late Intermediate Period. / La síntesis de datos de excavaciones y reconocimientos sistemáticos de la cuenca del río Osmore permite una visión nueva de las relaciones entre los wari, tiwanaku y poblaciones indígenas de la región durante el Horizonte Medio y el comienzo del Periodo Intermedio Tardío. Una serie de hechos están efectivamente establecidos, los cuales tendrán que ser considerados en futuras interpretaciones. Entre otros, se nota la aparente contemporaneidad de asentamientos tiwanaku y wari en las partes medias y altas de la cuenca del Osmore, pero mayormente aisladas en zonas geográficas separadas. No hay indicios de conflicto bélico ni temor de tal durante, posiblemente, siglos de contacto, a pesar de que ambos grupos vieron al mismo sitio Cerro Baúl como una huaca, la que únicamente los wari controlaron. Tampoco había intercambio de bienes, sugiriendo un aislamiento social al igual que espacial. Se describe la contemporaneidad de dos tradiciones tiwanaku marcadas por los estilos ceramográficos Omo y Chen Chen, que antes se consideraban fases secuenciales. Finalmente, se confirma que, al fin del Horizonte Medio, la gente wari abandonó la región, mientras que los de la tradición Tiwanaku se dispersaron en grupos menores desplazándose a sitios alejados y defendibles al comienzo de los tiempos conflictivos del Periodo Intermedio Tardío.

En los últimos años se ha incrementado el índice delictivo a nivel nacional, sobre todo en Lima y Callao, especialmente los delitos contra el patrimonio. Es evidente que el problema de la inseguridad se hace más latente en los barrios urbanos marginales, ya que en estos suelen camuflarse los delincuentes, al considerarse algunas de estas zonas, como “tierra de nadie”. Esta situación se vivía, por ejemplo, en el Asentamiento Humano – AA. HH cerro “El Pino”, jurisdicción de la comisaria PNP de Yerbateros, lugar habitado por 25.000 personas de escasos recursos, muchos de ellos trabajadores de “La Parada”, ambulantes y también personas al margen de la ley.

This thesis presents briefly the geology of the Cerro de Pasco district to acquaint the reader with the general geological setting of the district. A study of ore controls for a typical lead-zinc replacement body at the world famous Cerro de Pasco mine in Peru, 102 km northeast of Lima, was undertaken for purposes of better understanding. The particular body selected, the San Alberto Ore Body, occurs as a northeast extension of a main mass of pyrite, known as the "pyrite body", and is enclosed in Triassic- Jurassic limestone. Primary ore controls were determined to be a "Y"-like intersection formed by NS Longitudinal Faulting with a NE striking bedding fault. Resultant brecciation created the necessary permeable conditions whereby ore fluids were channeled away from the pyrite body into the limestone for ore emplacement. Three phases of hydrothermal rock alteration were identified as silicic alteration, chloritic alteration and an outer zone of bleaching and recrystallization. One peculiarity is found in the mineral composition of the silicic alteration, and a hypothesis is presented to explain it. The paragenetic sequence given for hypogene and gangue minerals was determined from the examination of more than 150 thin and polished sections.

Submitted by Rosimeri Vergara (rosimerivergara@unipampa.edu.br) on 2018-12-07T15:08:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carolina Gonçalves Leandro 2017 Dissertação.pdf: 10712768 bytes, checksum: ee554a9308600c58ba9930f1d2d302ae (MD5) / Submitted by Rosimeri Vergara (rosimerivergara@unipampa.edu.br) on 2018-12-10T19:58:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carolina Gonçalves Leandro 2017 Dissertação.pdf: 10712768 bytes, checksum: ee554a9308600c58ba9930f1d2d302ae (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Dayse Pestana (dayse.pestana@unipampa.edu.br) on 2018-12-11T15:57:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Carolina Gonçalves Leandro 2017 Dissertação.pdf: 10712768 bytes, checksum: ee554a9308600c58ba9930f1d2d302ae (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T15:57:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carolina Gonçalves Leandro 2017 Dissertação.pdf: 10712768 bytes, checksum: ee554a9308600c58ba9930f1d2d302ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / A Mina Cerro Rico localiza-se aproximadamente a 7 km a leste da cidade de Lavras do Sul, na região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul e está sob licença de pesquisa mineral da empresa Amarillo Mineração do Brasil Ltda. A área de pesquisa possui 15,758 km², delimitada pelas longitudes 53º 47’ 42,7” W - 53º 50’ 56,4” W e pelas latitudes 30º 48’ 5,7” S - 30º 49’ 46” S. A ocorrência mineral de Au, Ag e Cu desta área, está relacionada a presença de zonas de alteração hidrotermal caracterizadas por filões de quartzo de direções NW e EW, alojados nas rochas vulcânicas da Formação Hilário (~ 580 Ma). Os dados aerogeofísicos pertencem ao levantamento gamaespectrométrico – Projeto Lavras do Sul – Rio Grande do Sul, o qual foi executado no ano de 2007 pela empresa Prospectors Aerolevantamentos e Sistemas Ltda. A partir de setores identificados pela caracterização de anomalias geofísicas oriundas do processamento dos dados aerogamaespectrométricos onde foi definida uma área para levantamentos geofísicos terrestres em escala de detalhe, aproximadamente de 1: 3.000, com os métodos geoelétricos de Eletrorresistividade e de Polarização Induzida, utilizando as técnicas de Caminhamento Elétrico e de Sondagem Elétrica Vertical. Os dados aerogamaespectrométricos permitiram a partir da interpretação do mapa Ternário dos radioelementos (K (%), eU (ppm), eTh (ppm)), a identificação de cinco domínios radiométricos que sugerem a presença de diferentes litologias, em termos de possíveis variações na textura e na mineralogia das rochas e solos presentes na área. Os perfis gamaespectrométricos integrados com os dados geoelétricos possibilitaram a identificação de possíveis zonas de fraturas e/ou falhas, com provável percolação de fluído hidrotermal e/ou presença de mineralizações metálicas. O modelo geofísico-geológico 2D proposto para a área da Mina Cerro Rico, sugere que o topo do embasamento andesítico se encontra entre 20 a 30 metros de profundidade, caracterizado pela presença de um relevo irregular, afetado por fraturas e/ou falhas. Conforme a integração dos resultados oriundos dos dados de resistividade e da cargabilidade, definiu-se que patamares anômalos com valor de resistividade em torno de 200 Ohm.m e de cargabilidade em torno de 8 mV/V a 12 mV/V, estão associados a presença de zonas de fraturas com possível mineralização metálica. Os setores da área com presença de fraturas preenchidas por veios de quartzo e com provável mineralização, resultam em potenciais atrativos, para dar continuidade e orientar futuras pesquisas relacionadas a prospecção aurífera na Mina Cerro Rico. / The Cerro Rico Mine is located approximately 7 km east of the Lavras do Sul city, in the central region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul and is under mineral exploration license of the Amarillo Mineração do Brasil company. The research area is 15,758 km², delimited by longitudes 53º 47 '42.7 "W - 53º 50' 56.4" W and latitudes 30º 48 '5,7 "S - 30º 49' 46" S. The occurrence of gold, silver and cooper minerals in this area are related to the presence of hydrothermal alteration zones characterized by quartz filaments through NW and EW directions, intruded in the volcanic rocks of the Hilário Formation (~ 580 Ma). The aerogeophysical data belongs to the Lavras do Sul Gammaspectrometric Survey Project, which was executed by Prospectors Aerial Surveys and Systems in 2007. The sectors was identified by the characterization of geophysical anomalies through the processing of aerogamaespectrometric data, in this area the geophysical surveying was made on a scale of approximately 1: 3.000 and defined with the geoelectric methods of Eletroresistivity and Induced Polarization using the techniques of 2D Horizontal Profiling and Vertical Electrical Sounding. The aerogamaespectrometric data allowed the identification of five radiometric domains that suggests the presence of differents lithologies in terms of possible variations in the radioelements (K (%), eU (ppm), eTh (ppm)), texture and mineralogy of the rocks and soils present in the area. The gamma spectrometric profiles integrated with the geoelectric data allowed the identification of possible zones of fractures and/or faults, with probable percolation of hydrothermal fluid and/or presence of metallic mineralizations. The 2D geophysical-geological model proposed for the Cerro Rico Mine area, suggests that the depth of the top of the andesitic basement is between 20 and 30 meters, characterized by the presence of irregular relief, affected by fractures and/or faults. According to the integration of the results from the resistivity and chargeability data, the anomalous levels with a resistivity value around 200 Ohm.m and chargeability of 8 mV/V to 12 mV/V are associated with the presence of fracture zones with possible metallic mineralization. The sectors of the area with presence of fractures filled by quartz veins and probable mineralization, results in attractives potentials, to give continuity and guide future research related to gold prospecting in the Cerro Rico Mine.

As part of a public archaeological project in the Chancay district, archaeological excavations were carried out in an area of four hectares on the slopes of the Cerro Trinidad site. e preliminary results showed that under the modern harbor of Chancay there is a thick archaeological occupation which could have been a ceremonial urban center between the Formative Period (White on Red style) until the Period I of the Regional Developments (Playa Grande style). Based on an aerial photograph analysis it was possible to determine the total extend of the Cerro Trinidad site as well as the previous excavations done by Max Uhle and Gordon R. Willey. Similarly, it was posible to locate an un-known archaeological site located on the Chancay Bay. / Con motivo de un trabajo de evaluación arqueológica en el distrito Chancay, se realizaron excavaciones arqueológicas de sondeo en un área aproximada de cuatro hectáreas en las faldas del cerro Trinidad, valle de Chancay. Estas excavaciones hallaron que debajo del actual puerto de Chancay se conservan evidencias arqueológicas de importancia, que muestran la verdadera dimensión y magnitud del sitio arqueológico de Cerro Trinidad constituyéndose en un centro urbano ceremonial de regulares dimensiones e importancia desde el Periodo Formativo Superior (estilo Blanco sobre Rojo), hasta el I Periodo de los Desarrollos Regionales (estilo Playa Grande). Esta información se contrastó con una fotografía aérea de 1943, cuando el asentamiento prehispánico no estaba cubierto por la ocupación actual. Con esto se obtuvo información importante como la localización de las excavaciones previamente efectuadas por Max Uhle y Gordon Willey, así como los contextos que ellos registraron. Del mismo modo, se ha registrado un tipo de asentamiento no denido hasta el momento, localizado en la misma bahía de Chancay.

A análise empreendida nesta pesquisa parte da percepção da necessidade de estudos mais aprofundados em relação às áreas de fronteira brasileiras, no que tange ao turismo, em especial na sua dimensão cultural e simbólica. Além dos desdobramentos políticos e das construções de sentido acerca das fronteiras, acentuados pelo processo de globalização, despontam novas concepções de patrimônio, ampliando seu entendimento e diversificando os instrumentos de proteção. No presente caso, o estudo centra-se na nova categoria de bem patrimonial Paisagem Cultural Brasileira, que enfatiza a inter-relação e interdependência mútua da ação humana e das características físicas do espaço na configuração especifica de determinada paisagem. Nesses termos, esta investigação apresenta como principal objetivo analisar a possibilidade da nova proposta de bem patrimonial Paisagem Cultural Brasileira dar conta da complexidade da condição limítrofe que permeia os relacionamentos que se processam nos espaços de fronteira, especificamente na fronteira entre Brasil e Uruguai. A investigação se desenvolve nas cidades de Jaguarão (Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil) e Rio Branco (Departamento de Cerro Largo, Uruguai), buscando compreender a dimensão cultural em um espaço ambíguo de separação-contato condicionado pelo rio Jaguarão e pela Ponte Internacional Barão de Mauá. Adota-se como base de sustentação metodológica o Pensamento Complexo, conforme proposto por Edgar Morin, e como técnicas de pesquisa a prática etnográfica e a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. A investigação indica que tanto o rio Jaguarão quanto a Ponte Internacional Barão de Mauá, em sua dinâmica de complementaridade, articulam a condição fronteiriça física e simbolicamente, bem como os múltiplos limites que se estabelecem entre os sujeitos de Jaguarão e Rio Branco, delineando contornos que os aproximam da ótica da nova categoria de bem patrimonial nacional, Paisagem Cultural, e contribuindo, nessa ótica, para o estímulo à valorização do patrimônio em uma perspectiva transfronteiriça. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-06-05T19:23:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Luciana de Castro Neves Costa.pdf: 2981947 bytes, checksum: 46921f53e406a168035f7c13a31a3e6a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-05T19:23:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Luciana de Castro Neves Costa.pdf: 2981947 bytes, checksum: 46921f53e406a168035f7c13a31a3e6a (MD5) / The analysis developed in this research origins from the perception of the need of more profound studies related to brazilian border areas, regarding tourism, specially in their cultural and symbolic dimension. Beyond the political issues and meaning constructions about frontiers, influenced by the globalization process, there s been emerging news conceptions about heritage, broadening its understanding and diversifying its instruments of protection. In the present case, the study focus on the new category of heritage Brazilian Cultural Landscape, that emphasizes the relation and mutual interdependence between the human action and the physical characteristics of space on the specific configuration of determined landscape. In these terms, the present investigation presents as main objective to analyse the possibility of the new proposition of heritage Brazilian Cultural Landscape comprehend the complexity of the boundary condition that manifests in the relationships established in the borderlands, specifically in the border area of Brazil and Uruguai. The research is developed in the cities of Jaguarão (State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) and Rio Branco (Department of Cerro Largo, Uruguai), searching to understand the cultural dimension in an ambiguous space of separation-contact condicioned by the Jaguarão river and the International Bridge Barão de Mauá. It´s adopted as base of methodologic sustentation the Pensamento Complexo, as proposed by Edgar Morin, and as techniques of research the ethnographic practical and bibliographic and documental research. The investigation indicates that the Jaguarão river and the International Bridge of Barão de Mauá, in it´s complementary dynamic, and due to the historic and symbolic context of their formation and use related to the cities of Jaguarão e Rio Branco, present the contours of a Brazilian Cultural Landscape, contributing, in this vision, to estimulate the valorization of heritage on a perspective beyond the political boundary.

This article presents a synthesis of the principal archaeological evidence obtained during the last three field seasons at the site of Cerro del Gentil in the middle Chincha Valley on Peru’s south coast. Based on these data, we propose the existences of a series of social practices that were conducted at the site. We further explore the implications of these results for understanding the Paracas and Topará occupations in the Chincha valley between the 6th and 2nd centuries BCE. / En este artículo, presentamos una síntesis de las principales evidencias arqueológicas recolectadas durante nuestras tres últimas temporadas de investigación en el sitio de Cerro del Gentil, ubicado en el valle medio de Chincha, costa sur del Perú. A partir de estas evidencias, planteamos una serie de prácticas sociales que se habrían dado en este sitio y sus implicancias para la explicación de las ocupaciones humanas asociadas con las tradiciones Paracas y Topará en el valle de Chincha entre los siglos VI y II a.C.