This qualitative study examined principals’ and teachers’ perceptions regarding retaining teachers in a large urban school system. This study was based on the premise that once teachers are recruited into an urban school, genuine support (conceptual and instructional) is needed for them to be retained in that type of setting. Retaining highly qualified teachers in urban schools is integral for student achievement and can relieve the financial strain for school districts. Studies have found that when teachers reach their fifth year of teaching, many leave the profession for various reasons, and most never return. To ensure the validity of the study, the triangulation method was deemed most appropriate and the instruments used to gather the data were; questionnaires and focus groups. The study was conducted in one of the largest urban school districts in the metropolitan Atlanta area. Three elementary Title I schools with relatively low (CCPRI) scores per Georgia’s Department of Education and similar demographics were selected to participate. The study required that all participants have more than two years of experience in an urban school. Collectively, 3 principals and 82 teachers responded to the questionnaires and 18 teachers participated in the focus groups. Based on the findings, teachers leave the large urban school system because of the lack of quality instruction feedback, teacher support, and teacher classroom management in their schools. It was found that it is difficult to retain teachers of a demographic (age and gender per the study). Data collection also revealed that intensive induction/ mentoring programs provided throughout the school year should be offered by the district. The conclusions drawn from the findings suggest that principals and teachers have contrasting perceptions of why teachers leave their schools. Principals felt that they were working to build capacity in their schools to improve professional relationships with the staff, to increase cultural awareness, provide meaningful and authentic teacher quality instructional feedback, and effective teacher support. Teachers felt the need to have additional necessary resources (mentors from the district and funding for targeted professional development) to retain them in urban schools.

A stratified random sample of 400 head football coaches was surveyed in order to evaluate their professional preparation in regard to the prevention and care of athletic injuries, Of the 259 responding coaches, it was found that a significant number were not properly prepared when compared to the standards suggested by the American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation. It was recommended that individuals who desire to coach in Texas should be required to obtain an endorsement for coaching using the standards suggested by the American Association for Health, Physical Education., and Recreation as the minimum standards.

Motivé par l’évolution de la production architecturale durable dans les pays d’Amérique latine, et plus particulièrement en Colombie, mon projet de recherche porte sur l’adaptation de l’architecture à ce nouveau contexte. L’approche architecturale traditionnelle à la prise en compte de l’énergie et du climat est l’architecture bioclimatique : reproduite à partir de connaissances et techniques ancestrales remontant à la conception de l’abri, cette dernière étudie les phénomènes physiques associés au confort thermique afin de les reproduire dans une nouvelle architecture. De nouvelles méthodes d’évaluation environnementale se sont développées dans les dernières décennies pour améliorer l’intégration environnementale des bâtiments. Ces méthodes privilégient la normalisation des solutions et utilisent des systèmes de certification pour reconnaître la performance environnementale et énergétique des bâtiments. Le résultat visé est la conformité aux standards internationaux de durabilité. Ce mémoire porte sur l’analyse comparative de l’architecture bioclimatique et de la certification environnementale à partir de la structure des sujets abordés par LEED, une des méthodes les plus connues d’une telle certification. Cette comparaison permet de constater que les deux approches sont motivées par les mêmes préoccupations environnementales mais que leurs méthodes d’intégration de ces préoccupations diffèrent, en particulier quant à la prise en compte des facteurs locaux et globaux. / Motivated by the development of sustainable architectural production in the countries of Latin America, particularly in Colombia, my research focuses on the adaptation of architecture to this new context. The traditional approach to the integration of energy and climate is bioclimatic architecture. This way is based on the reproduction of knowledge through the use of ancestral techniques that were acquired over time, and which evolved from shelter design. The bioclimatic architecture studies the physical phenomena in relation to thermal comfort to reproduce in a new architectural style. New environmental assessment methods have been developed in recent decades to improve environmental integration in buildings. These methods give priority to standardization of solutions and use certification systems to recognize the environmental and energy performance of buildings. The expected results are in compliance with international sustainability standards. This thesis focuses on the comparative analysis of bioclimatic architecture and environmental certification using the structure and the topics addressed by LEED, one of the best-known methods of such certification. This comparison shows that the two approaches are motivated by the same environmental concerns but their methods of integration of these concerns differ, particularly with regard to the consideration of local and global factors.

The aim of this thesis is to assess the contribution of the career system of Slovak teachers from the perspective of school principals. The theoretical part deals with the definition of the career system based on a literature research. Firstly, preconditions of the career system are defined. Secondly, the career system is described in detail, followed by its evaluation and comparison with the upcoming Czech career system. The practical part describes the used qualitative methods and approaches and includes findings from the field research. A multiple conn-Dove study was used to solve the research problem, in which the case is represented by ten principals from various schools. Semi-structured interviews with school principals, observing their interactions and document analysis were used for data collection. The result of the research was to create ten idiographic reports reflecting school principals' practical experience with the career system. Findings show significant dissatisfaction among school principals with the conception and implementation of the career system due to the administrative complexity of the system, its formalism, the lack of resources in the system and the lack of provided methodological support to school principals. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

This thesis was a project that was conducted on behalf of Lindbäcks Bygg AB, Träcentrum Norr and Luleå University of Technology. The goal of the project was to develop a new method of performing the electrical installation in the housing modules being built at Lindbäcks Byggs factory. This solution was to be faster, more cost efficient and improve the indoor climate in the final building. Earlier student projects had been done for solving this where the concept for new products had been produced. With that as a base, studies in the laws and standards that governs the electrical installation, a workplace study and interviews was performed and investigations in how the electrical installation currently is performed was done. From this an iterative development phase started, where the problem was broken down in to sub-problems to better be able to work them trough in depth one by one. The sub-problems that were identified was the ceiling junction box, wall junction box, wall – ceiling connection and the wire. During the development phase the need for a solution for when the wall junction box is to be installed in a double wall. To evaluate the different concepts 3d-printing was used extensively given the unbeatable possibility to find problems with the design that this provides. The results was a set of products and a new way of performing the electrical installation that combined reduced costs, shortened lead times, improved working conditions for the person performing the installation and improved indoor climate. The result of the project is presented in the form of a working prototype that can be installed in a module, used for evaluation at a testing facility and estimating production costs. / Detta examensarbete var ett projekt som utfördes på uppdrag av Lindbäcks Bygg AB, Träcentrum Norr samt Luleå Tekniska Universitet. Syftet med projektet var att ta fram en ny lösning för elinstallationen i de husmodulerna som tillverkas i Lindbäcks Byggs fabrik. Denna lösning skulle vara snabbare, mer kostnads effektiv och förbättra klimatet i den slutliga lägenheten. Projektet hade sin grund i tidigare studentprojekt på LTU där lösningskoncept hade tagits fram för detta i form av nya produkter. Med det som utgångspunkt genomfördes studier i de rådande lagar och standarder rörande elinstallation, studiebesök, intervjuer och undersökningar i hur elinstallation i dagsläget går till. Efter det kunde ett iterativt utvecklingsarbete påbörjas där problemet bröts ner i delproblem för att var för sig kunna arbetas igenom på djupet. Delproblemen blev takdosan, väggdosan, vägg-tak övergången och kablarna. Under arbetets gång kom även behovet fram för en lösning för då väggdosan skulle installeras i en dubbelvägg. För utvärdering av de olika koncepten användes 3d-utskrifter flitigt då detta gav en oslagbar möjlighet att finna problem med utformningen. Resultatet blev en uppsättning produkter och ett nytt arbetssätt som tillsammans leder till sänkta produktionskostnader, ledtider, förbättrar arbetsmiljön för arbetaren och ger ett bättre inomhusklimat. Resultatet av projektet presenteras i form av en funktionsprototyp som går att montera i moduler samt användas för utvärdering hos testningsanstalter och beräkna produktionskostnader.

A atual pesquisa faz parte do grupo de pesquisa, cadastrado no Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, sobre moda na cadeia têxtil, tendo como foco as questões sociais da manufatura do vestuário de moda. No sistema fast fashion, a substituição ocorre de modo rápido e instantâneo, conforme o feedback das vendas, sendo um setor influenciado pelo universo da moda, buscando atender consumidores que procuram peças que contenham estilo, moda e/ou modismo. Para seguir com este modelo de negócio, as empresas começaram a se concentrar no seu core business, que muitas vezes corresponde ao marketing, gestão de marcas, comercialização, design, pesquisas, repassando a terceiros a produção das peças de vestuário, onde é predominante a subcontratação. Com essas ramificações, abrem-se brechas para comportamento oportunistas, as quais buscam o seu lucro em função da precarização das relações de trabalho. No entanto, há um aumento de ações que visam a eliminação dessas práticas espúrias de competição, promovendo sistemas produtivos com conceitos pautados em requisitos de responsabilidade social, resultando em melhores condições de trabalho, competitividade e lucratividade. Assim, tornam-se importantes pesquisas que identifiquem empresas com esse novo desempenho estratégico em nível nacional, pois contribui tanto para a sociedade quanto ao meio acadêmico, por meio da geração de bibliografia e identificação de pontos que podem resultar em mudança corporativa. Portanto, esta pesquisa teve por objetivo estudar e analisar os impactos percebidos na cadeia de fornecimento com o selo ABVTEX em responsabilidade social pelo programa de certificação de fornecedores da Associação Brasileira do Varejo Têxtil, bem como a identificação de práticas de monitoramento pelos varejistas signatários. Em um primeiro momento realizou-se pesquisas bibliográficas que possibilitaram a fundamentação teórica, a qual auxiliou na construção dos questionários com perguntas estruturadas e semiestruturas a serem aplicados aos integrantes do estudo de múltiplos casos, e na elaboração do questionário aos fornecedores por meio da pesquisa survey. Após foi possível analisar os casos e comparar o aprendizado organizacional dos varejistas em responsabilidade social através do modelo proposto por Zadek (2004). Os resultados permitiram confirmar as proposições norteadoras, e identificar que o impacto percebido pelos fornecedores e varejistas é positivo, porém necessita de ações corretivas afim de garantir maior transparência e credibilidade. / The present research is part of the research group, registered on the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, about trendy in the textile chain, focusing on the social issues of the manufacture of fashion apparel. In fast fashion system, the replacement is make quickly and instantly, following feedback from sales, being an industry influenced by the fashion universe, seeking for consumers which are looking for products with style, fashion and / or fad. To continue with this business model, companies began to focus on their core business, which often corresponds to marketing, brand management, commercialization, design, research, passing on to third parties the production process of garments where it is predominant subcontracting. With these ramifications in the chain, gaps are opened for opportunistic companies, which seek their profit due to the precariousness of working conditions. However, there is an increase of actions aimed at eliminating these spurious practices competition, promoting productive systems with concepts guided by social responsibility requirements, resulting in better working conditions, competitiveness and profitability. Thus, it becomes important research to identify companies with this new strategic behavior at a national level, as it contributes both to society and to academic environment, through the generation of bibliography and identification of points that can result in corporate change. The objective of this study was to study and analyze the perceived impacts of the supplier chain with the ABVTEX seal on social responsibility by the supplier certification program of the Brazilian Association of Textile Retail, as well as the identification of monitoring practices by the signatory retailers. At first, bibliographical research was carried out, which enabled the theoretical framework, which helped to build of the questionnaires, with structured questions and semi-structures to be applied to the members of the study of multiple cases, and in the elaboration of the questionnaire to the suppliers through the research survey. Afterwards, it was possible to analyze the cases and compare the organizational learning of retailers about social responsibility through the model proposed by Zadek (2004). The results allowed us to confirm the guiding propositions and to identify that the impact perceived by suppliers and retailers is positive, but requires corrective actions to guarantee greater transparency and credibility

O conceito de Alto Valor de Conservação (AVC) foi desenvolvido pela certificação florestal FSC (Forest Stewardship Council), e tem por objetivo designar áreas com características excepcionais devido a presença de importantes atributos, divididos nas seguintes categorias: florestas com concentração significativa de biodiversidade; grandes áreas florestais em nível de paisagem, que contenham populações viáveis da grande maioria das espécies de ocorrência natural; áreas florestais contidas ou que contém ecossistemas raros, ameaçados ou em perigo; áreas florestais em situações críticas que forneçam serviços básicos da natureza; áreas florestais fundamentais para atender necessidades básicas das comunidades locais; áreas florestais críticas para a identidade cultural tradicional de comunidades locais. Trata-se de um conceito inovador ao incluir aspectos sociais e culturais, razão pela qual tem sido amplamente utilizado fora do setor florestal, sendo incorporado por esquemas de certificação ligados a commodities e biocombustíveis, empresas de cadeia de logística (produção) e instituições financeiras. A identificação dos atributos pode ser feita seguindo-se uma abordagem genérica, na qual o manejo deve contribuir para manutenção ou incremento dos atributos identificados seguindo uma abordagem de precaução, incluindo as comunidades locais no processo de identificação das áreas de AVC. Para melhor uso deste conceito em situações específicas, alguns países adaptam os conceitos gerais em documentos chamados de Interpretação Nacional. O Brasil é um dos países que ainda não possuem uma interpretação Nacional e, portanto, a identificação de áreas de AVC é feita utilizando-se a abordagem genérica. Este trabalho se propõe a uma análise ampla do uso do conceito de AVC em três diferentes escalas: análise das publicações existentes sobre o tema, aplicação regional por meio das interpretações nacionais e uso do conceito no Brasil pelos empreendimentos de manejo florestal certificado pelo FSC. O capítulo 1 consiste em uma revisão estruturada das publicações existentes a nível mundial sobre o tema, que possibilitou a formação de uma base considerando as principais informações disponíveis sobre o tema. No capítulo 2 aprofunda-se em uma análise do conceito regional, considerando apenas os países que possuem uma interpretação nacional, reconhecendo as diferenças e características próprias de cada local. Por fim, o terceiro capítulo tem como foco específico os empreendimentos de manejo florestal certificado no Brasil, possibilitando o levantamento dos atributos identificados até o momento e a realização de uma análise das etapas de condução dos estudos de AVC por meio de questionários. / The concept of High Conservation Value (AVC) was developed by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), and its purpose is to designate areas with exceptional characteristics due to the presence of important attributes, divided into the following categories: forests with a significant concentration of biodiversity; large landscape-level forest areas containing viable populations of the vast majority of naturally occurring species; forest areas contained or containing rare, threatened or endangered ecosystems; forest areas in critical situations that provide basic services of nature; areas that are fundamental to meeting the basic needs of local communities; areas critical for the traditional cultural identity of local communities. It is an innovative concept to include social and cultural aspects, which is why it has been widely used outside the forest sector, being incorporated by certification schemes linked to commodities and biofuels, logistics chain companies (production) and financial institutions. The identification of the attributes can be done following a generic approach, in which the management should contribute to the maintenance or increment of the attributes identified following a precautionary approach, including the local communities in the process of identifying the areas of HCV. To better use this concept in specific situations, some countries adapt the general concepts into documents called National Interpretation. Brazil is one of the countries that do not yet have a national interpretation and, therefore, the identification of areas of HCV is done using the generic approach. This work proposes a broad analysis of the use of the concept of HCV in three different scales: analysis of existing publications on the theme, regional application through national interpretations and use of the concept in Brazil by the forest management companies certified by the FSC. Chapter 1 consists of a structured review of the existing worldwide publications on the subject, which enabled the formation of a base considering the main information available on the theme. In Chapter 2, the analysis of the regional concept is analyzed, considering only the countries that have a national interpretation, recognizing the differences and characteristics of each place. Finally, the third chapter focuses specifically on certified forest management projects in Brazil, enabling the identification of attributes identified so far and conducting an analysis of the stages of conduction of HCV studies through questionnaires.

É um dever dos profissionais que trabalham na área de mensuração discutir os temas que envolvem a manutenção/calibração de instrumentos geodésicos em ambiente laboratorial e o uso de padrões específicos voltados para as áreas de instrumentação e de Sistema de Gestão da Qualidade. Para isso, é importante mencionar as normas ISO 17123:2001, NBR ISO/IEC 17025:2005, ABNT NBR ISO 9001:2000 e os métodos compactos para laboratório voltados para testar estações totais e instrumentos EDM. Neste contexto, o principal objetivo desta pesquisa é discutir os temas relacionados à manutenção/calibração de instrumentos geodésicos em laboratório, mostrando a importância da implantação do Sistema de Gestão da Qualidade (SGQ). Também são discutidas as vantagens decorrentes desta implantação, bem como a organização estrutural e de pessoal para tal sistema, apresentando as normas específicas usadas para a realização de trabalhos em agrimensura. Para compreender melhor a temática da dissertação foram pesquisados alguns laboratórios internacionais que trabalham com a manutenção/calibração de instrumentos geodésicos, que são acreditados pela norma ISO 17025:2005, são certificados pelas normas ISO 9001:2000 e realizam os seus procedimentos de acordo com os requisitos da norma ISO 17123:2001. Dessa forma, as avaliações sobre a estrutura organizacional do laboratório, a estrutura de pessoal e o SGQ implantado, foram realizadas de forma mais segura. Os laboratórios pesquisados realizam suas atividades de acordo com os requisitos das normas ISO 9001:2000, ISO 17025:2005 e ISO 17123, garantindo qualidade aos trabalhos nos laboratórios. A calibração realizada de forma correta e regular contribui para a promoção da qualidade das atividades nos laboratórios. / It is the duty of professionals working in the area of measurement discuss issues involving the maintenance/calibration of geodesic instruments in the laboratory and the use of specific standards directed to the areas of instrumentation and Quality Management System. Therefore, it is important to dimensional standards ISO 17123:2001, ISO/IEC 17025:2005, ISO 9001:2000 and compact laboratory methods aimed at testing EDM instruments and total stations. In this context, the main objective of this research is to discuss issues related to maintenance/calibration of geodetic instruments in the laboratory, showing the importance of implementing the Quality Management System (QMS). Also discussed are advantages of this deployment, as well as the structural organization and personnel for such a system, with specific standards used to perform work in surveying. To better understand the theme of the thesis were searched some international laboratories that work with the maintenance/calibration of geodetic instruments, which are accredited to ISO 17025:2005 are certified by ISO 9001:2000 and realize their procedures in accordance with the requirements of ISO 17123:2001. Thus, the ratings on the organizational structure of the laboratory, the personnel structure and quality management system in place, were held more securely. The laboratories surveyed perform their activities in accordance with the requirements of ISO 9001:2000 and ISO 17025:2005 and ISO 17123, ensuring quality to work in laboratories. The calibration performed correctly and regularly contributes to the promotion of quality activities in the laboratories.

Gibt es eine erhöhte Asthma-Mortalität Deutschlands im internationalen Vergleich? Im internationalen Vergleich der Asthmamortalitätsraten, die alle Altersgruppen berücksichtigen, ist Deutschland seit Ende der 60er Jahre führend. Im allgemeinen ist der Tod durch Asthma bronchiale eine relativ seltene Todesursache. In der Asthma-Poliklinik der Charité wurden zwischen den Jahren 1980 und 1999 nur 3 gesicherte und 7 wahrscheinliche Todesfälle durch Asthma bronchiale dokumentiert. Bezüglich der Asthmamortalitätsrate der 5-34jährigen verzeichnete Deutschland im weltweiten Vergleich durchschnittliche Werte. In der Altersgruppe der >60jährigen weist Deutschland eine zwischen drei- und sechsfach erhöhte Asthmamortalität gegenüber westlichen Vergleichsstaaten auf. Der Anteil der Asthmamortalität an der Gesamt-COPD-Mortalität Deutschlands ist überdurchschnittlich hoch. Hinsichtlich der Einflußfaktoren Prävalenz, Therapie, medizinische Versorgung und soziale Bevölkerungsungleichheiten gab es keinen Hinweis auf eine Ursache, die für das Vorliegen einer erhöhten wahren Asthmamortalität Deutschlands verantwortlich sein könnte. Es zeigte sich lediglich eine vergleichsweise geringfügig verstärkte Abneigung deutscher Ärzte bezüglich der Verordnung von Kortikosteroiden. Demgegenüber können insbesondere Fehldiagnosen auf Totenscheinen zu Verfälschungen von Asthmamortalitätsstatistiken führen. In 11 retrospektiven Untersuchungen zu Todesfällen im Zusammenhang mit Asthma bronchiale wurden bei ungefähr 40% falsche Todesursachen ermittelt. Waren bei den 70jährigen nur noch bei 50%. Deutsche Ärzte neigen überproportional häufig dazu, die Todesursache Asthma zu wählen. Zusammenfassend gibt es keinen Anhalt auf eine real vorliegende erhöhte Asthmamortalität Deutschlands. Alle Ergebnisse weisen auf eine Verfälschung der Asthmamortalitätsstatistiken durch unkorrekte Totenscheindiagnosen insbesondere bei Verstorbenen >60 Jahre hin. Zu epidemiologischen Zwecken sollten zukünftig nur noch die Asthmasterblichkeitsraten der 5-34jährigen gewählt werden. / Is there an increased german asthma mortality in the international comparison? Since the late 60's Germany has got the highest asthma mortality worldwide concerning all ages. Generally asthma as the cause of death is seldom. In the Asthma-Poliklinik of the Charité Berlin only 3 reliable and 7 probable asthma death were documented between 1980 and 1999. In difference to the asthma mortality of all ages german asthma mortality of the age 5-34 years is average. Concerning the age >60 years death of asthma in Germany are 3-6 times higher than in other western countries. The asthma-part of the german COPD-mortality is above the average. As to the most important influences on the true asthma mortality (prevalence, therapy, medical care and social inequalities) there is no indication of a cause of an increased german asthma mortality besides a slight aversion against corticosteroids of german physicians. Furtheron inaccuracies of death certification can lead to a falsification of asthma mortality statistics. There were 11 retrospective studies of death certificaion involving the word asthma showing in 40% wrong diagnosis of death. In the age 70 years only 50% were accurate. German physicians use the diagnosis asthma above-averaged. In conclusion there is no hint of a real increased german asthma mortality. All results point to a falsification of the international asthma mortality statistics as a consequence of inaccuracies in death certification especially in ages >60 years. For epidemiological purposes only asthma mortality rates of the ages 5-34 years should be used.

Diante dos recursos e avanços tecnológicos na área da saúde, a certificação digital vem ganhando espaço na área médica e odontológica, sendo utilizados e aplicados por clínicas de grande porte, hospitais, centros de saúde. Devido ao conhecimento público sobre as questões ética e legais que envolvem os cuidados com a saúde, os processos judiciais contra os cirurgiões-dentistas, aumentaram consideravelmente, e o seu único meio de prova é a correta e adequada confecção do prontuário odontológico e no caso do prontuário digital os cuidados e atenção devem ser redobrados. Para tanto, o presente estudo examinou os aspectos éticos e legais do prontuário odontológico digital perante a Justiça, relacionando a segurança, a privacidade e a validade jurídica enquanto meio de prova, nos termos do novo Código de Processo Civil, e a importância e aplicabilidade da certificação digital na Odontologia. A análise da literatura permitiu verificar que a certificação digital é realidade em outras áreas profissionais e está sendo cada vez mais aceita e aplicada como identidade pessoal dentro do ambiente virtual, garantindo integridade e inviolabilidade aos que se beneficiam desse tipo de segurança. Para que o prontuário digital possa ser considerado seguro, ele deve apresentar mecanismos capazes de assegurar autenticidade, confidencialidade e integridade dos documentos. Adicionalmente, deve ser digitalizado com emprego de certificado digital emitido no âmbito da Infraestrutura de Chaves Públicas Brasileiras. As tecnologias empregadas devem proteger os princípios e fundamentos do nosso ordenamento jurídico pátrio, bem como a dignidade humana dos indivíduos e sua intimidade, garantindo as ferramentas necessárias para a sua fiscalização. / Having in mind the massive information in advanced technology envolving health matters, the digital prontuaries happen to be more oftenlly used in Hospitals, Dental clinics and other health institutions. Due to the globalization, the cityzens themselves, developed more a know ledgement about their legal rigths, concerning dental and medical procedures. In the other hand, the health professionals have in their majority, only paper prontuaries, whitch can be easilly adulterated. The aim of this work is to analise the digital dental and medical prontuaries avaiable and determinate their security for both, patients and professionals, by the scope of the Justice and ethical matters. All the study was based on the \"New Brazilian Civil Law Code. The recall of the studyied literature, allowed us to verify that the digital certification, has been used to pervente any kind of frauds. In deed, this softwares have to be developed by informatic personel, but always following the Structured Brazilian Public Keys, in order to the rigths of the envolved parts can be assured.