Les mathématiques tropicales sont une branche des mathématiques correspondant à l'étude d'une algèbre modifiée grâce à la redéfinition de l'addition et de la multiplication. Les mathématiques tropicales sont généralement définies grâce au minimum et à l'addition (algèbre min-plus) mais le terme est parfois utilisé pour désigner l'algèbre max-plus, définie grâce au maximum et à l'addition. Briec et Horvath ont introduit une notion de convexité très proche qui apparait comme un cas limite d’opérateurs utilisés en théorie de l’optimisation par Avriel (1972) et de Ben-Tal (1977). En suivant cette ligne d’investigation, nous allons proposer, dans le domaine de l’économie de la production et de l’optimisation de portefeuille, une certaine classe de modèles économiques à élaborés à partir de ces notions. Pour ce faire, nous introduisons une nouvelle classe de technologie de production permettant de prendre en compte les structures d’homothe´tie-translation dans la mesure de productivité au travers du concept de la Convexité Max-Plus. Ensuite, nous allons établir une relation topologique entre plusieurs classes de modèles convexes généralisés connus. Nous analysons pour cela la limite de Painlevé-Kuratowski des modèles CES-CET et des technologies non paramétriques satisfaisant une hypothèse de rendements d’échelle alpha. On montre que leurs limites topologiques convergent vers les modèles de production B-convexe et Cobb-Douglas. Enfin, nous allons montrer que l'amélioration de l'efficacité technique d’une coalition d’entreprises s'avère compatible avec les technologies de semi-treillis dans un jeu coopératif. Nous introduisons ensuite, le concept d’écart absolu moyen dans la sélection du portefeuille en utilisant le « Shortage Function » qui prend en compte simultanément la réduction des inputs et l’augmentation des outputs comme dans la théorie de la production. Enfin, nous allons étendre le concept de B-convexité et de l’inverse B-convexité en se concentrant sur le calcul des mesures d’efficacité technique dans le graphe. / Tropical algebra is the tropical analogue of linear algebra by redefining the usual operation addition by the maximization operation and the usual addition operation as multiplication. Briec and Horvath introduced a concept of convexity very close to this concept quoted above which appears as one of the limits of use of the theory of optimization by Avriel (1972) and Ben-Tal (1977). Following this line of investigation, we give an overview of contributions involving a semilattice structure of production technologies and an optimization portfolio. To do that, firstly, we propose a framework allowing to consider both semilattice structure and translation homothetic properties in productivity measurement. We introduce the concept of Max-Plus convexity which combine both an upper semilattice structure and an additivity assumption. We establish a topological relation between several classes of known generalized convex models using some basic algebraic convex structures. We analyze the Painlevé-Kuratowski limit of the CES-CET and Alpha-returns to scale models. It is shown that their topological limits yield the B-convex and Cobb-Douglas production models. Moreover, we show that the improvement of technical efficiency is compatible with semilattice technologies in a cooperative game. Then, we introduce a criterion to measure portfolio efficiency based upon the minimization of the maximum absolute deviation and minimum absolute deviation from the expected return using the Shortage function. Finally, we derive simple closed-form expressions to calculate the hyperbolic measure in the case of inverse and B-Convexity that evaluates technical efficiency in the full input-output space.

The effects of cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) on human EEG and brain current density were evaluated by quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) and low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA). A total of 72 research subjects were provided with a single session of CES, 38 were provided with 0.5 Hz CES while 34 were provided with 100 Hz CES. The qEEG paired t-tests revealed that in both frequencies of CES there was a significant (.05) increase in alpha relative power with concomitant decreases in delta and beta relative power. The 0.5 Hz CES decreased a wider frequency range of delta activity, while the 100 Hz CES decreased a wider frequency range of beta activity; suggesting some difference may exist in the EEG response to different frequencies of CES. The changes found in qEEG relative power were consistent with the affective and cognitive effects of CES reported in the literature, such as increased relaxation and decreased anxiety. Statistically significant changes for qEEG values other than relative power, such as coherence, amplitude asymmetry, phase lag and power ratios were also found. The LORETA paired t-tests found statistically significant (.05) increases in cortical and subcortical theta and alpha frequency current density with concomitant decreases in delta and beta current density. The effects of CES on current density varied by frequency, but did not show a differential in response based on proximity to the contacts, or structures within the brain. Statistically significant changes in current density were found in all 2394 gray matter voxels represented by LORETA, indicating a whole brain response to the CES stimulus. The qEEG and LORETA findings revealed that a single 20-minute session of CES does have a significant effect on the cortical and subcortical activity of the human brain resulting in activity consistent with decreased anxiety and increased relaxation.

This study examines whether woven metal mesh is an appropriate option for usage in beds and what material the mesh should consist of to best be suited for the purpose. The woven steel mesh’s construction was based on a reference model that consists of cross-linked rods and wires. Since the aim of the project was to reach a conclusion of the mesh’s usability in beds, different parameters were examined and taken into consideration. These parameters were the durability of the mesh when carrying human weight, acoustic properties to minimize chatter when lying on the mesh and rolling properties. The durability was examined using COMSOL multiphysics. Acoustics were studied through a literature review and rolling properties were calculated using measurements on the reference model. A material investigation was done in the database software CES EduPack. It was found that steel, stainless steel and aluminum fulfilled the requirements set on durability. Stainless steel was considered too expensive and steel too heavy. Using aluminum halves the weight of the mesh in comparison to steel but doubles the price, in this case however the weight was considered to be a parameter of greater importance overriding price.

The summer of 2002 marked the 26th anniversary of the youth camp “Especially for Youth” (EFY). Over 34,000 teenagers from across the United States, Canada and several foreign countries gathered on thirty-one different college campuses to attend one of the sixty-four sessions of the five-day program. Since the first session in 1976, Especially for Youth has enjoyed steady increases in attendance and popularity. Beginning in the early 1980s, the program's success reached the point that applicants were turned away because there was not enough space to house all those who wanted to attend.EFY is sponsored by Brigham Young University (BYU) Division of Continuing Education. Programs within the Division with a religious emphasis fall under the direction of the Church Educational System (CES).This thesis is an attempt to gather basic, historically significant information about the first eleven years of Especially for Youth (1976-1986). Primary sources include Continuing Education administrators, former counselors and participants, and Division of Continuing Education Annual Reports.

Education and learning have ever been at the core of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Throughout its history that now extends nearly one hundred ninety years, the Church has made numerous attempts to provide educational opportunities for its members. Some attempts have failed, and others were met with some success—though limited, to be sure. In hindsight, most of these efforts were simply laying the foundation for something far greater. At the dawn of the twenty-first century, the groundwork for global Church education had been laid, and the seeds planted. Beginning with a pilot administered through BYU-Idaho, a program known as “Pathway” grew into a worldwide effort that is successfully providing educational opportunities to individuals distanced from such occasion. The Church-affiliated university also created a robust online program, that coupled with Pathway, was providing a largely affordable, yet high-quality education to Church members and even a few other individuals across the globe. Not without its barriers, Pathway and the BYU-Idaho online degree program worked to overcome legal and other limitations in order to create and expand a vigorous offering across cultures, time, and space. Recently, these programs have given root to what is now a global education initiative, collaborating a united effort from each institution affiliated with the Church Educational System.

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-30T18:02:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_EDITE_TEREZINHA_MORAES_PARCIAL.pdf: 394439 bytes, checksum: a77f6679003a5b30427a13c02eb7720c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-30T18:02:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_EDITE_TEREZINHA_MORAES_PARCIAL.pdf: 394439 bytes, checksum: a77f6679003a5b30427a13c02eb7720c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-30T18:03:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_EDITE_TEREZINHA_MORAES_PARCIAL.pdf: 394439 bytes, checksum: a77f6679003a5b30427a13c02eb7720c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Objectives: To assess the prevalence of neonatal complications requiring special care, respiratory morbidity and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, according to the type of delivery, in a private hospital with a high prevalence of cesarean section. Methods: Retrospective study, involving neonates of ?37 weeks of gestational age and birthweight of ?2,500 g whose births occurred between February 2013 and June 2016. Neonates with malformations and/or congenital infections who required special care were excluded. The electronic charts were reviewed by two authors and the data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 22.0 program using Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Z test. Patients were classified according to type of delivery: vaginal delivery; cesarean section after onset of labor; scheduled cesarean section; cesarean section after rupture of membranes; cesarean section due to specific pathologies or conditions, including maternal hypertensive disease, diabetes, intrauterine growth restriction and twinning; and emergency cesarean section. Subsequently, the types of delivery were reclassified into larger groups for analysis: Group 1: vaginal delivery + cesarean section after labor; Group 2: scheduled cesarean section + cesarean section after rupture of membranes + cesarean section due to pathology. The emergency cesarean section was analyzed separately. Results: A total of 12,528 newborns were included in the study, of which 6,894 (55%) were born by scheduled cesarean section, 3,252 (26%) by other types of cesarean section and 2,382 (19%) by vaginal delivery, resulting in a prevalence of cesarean section of 81%. Fifty-three percent of parturient women were primiparous. Birth weight was significantly higher in scheduled cesarean section than in other types of delivery. The gestational age was not different comparing scheduled cesarean section and vaginal delivery, (median 39 weeks), but was higher in these than in other modes of delivery (median 38 weeks). The need for special care (hospitalization in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) in Group 1 was 2.68% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.06-3.31%) and in Group 2 it was 2.85% (95%CI 2.25-3.21), a non-significant difference (p=0.680). However, analyzing for gestational age, the need for special care in Group 2 was significantly more frequent for those born before 38 weeks (p=0.023) and less frequent for those born after 40 weeks (p=0.026). In the other gestational ages, no significant differences were found between groups. The incidence of early respiratory distress was 0.93% (95%CI 0.56-1.31) in Group 1 and 1.17% in Group 2 (p=0.389). The incidence of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy was 0.23% (95%CI 0.05-0.42) in Group 1 and zero in Group 2 (p<0.001). During the study period, there was only one maternal death, in the emergency cesarean section group. Conclusions: A higher prevalence of neonatal morbidity was related to birth before 38 weeks of gestation in the group that included scheduled cesarean section + cesarean section after rupture of membranes + cesarean section due to pathology, compared to the group that included vaginal delivery + intrapartum cesarean section. These results support the recommendations that elective cesareans should be avoided before the 39 completed weeks of gestation. In this sample, cesarean section without previous labor was associated with a reduced risk of hypoxic- ischemic encephalopathy in the neonate. / Objetivos: Avaliar a preval?ncia de complica??es neonatais com necessidade de cuidados especiais, morbidade respirat?ria e encefalopatia hip?xico-isqu?mica, de acordo com o tipo de parto, em um hospital privado com alta preval?ncia de cesarianas. M?todos: Estudo retrospectivo que incluiu rec?m-nascidos de ?37 semanas de idade gestacional e peso de nascimento ?2.500 g cujos partos ocorreram no per?odo de fevereiro de 2013 a junho de 2016. Foram exclu?dos os rec?m-nascidos com malforma??es e/ou infec??es cong?nitas que necessitaram de cuidados especiais. Os prontu?rios eletr?nicos foram revisados por dois autores e os dados foram analisados por meio do programa IBM SPSS vers?o 22.0, utilizando teste do qui quadrado ou exato de Fisher, Kruskal-Wallis e teste Z. Os pacientes foram classificados conforme o tipo de parto: parto vaginal; ces?rea ap?s trabalho de parto; ces?rea agendada; ces?rea por bolsa rota; ces?rea por patologias ou situa??es espec?ficas, incluindo doen?a materna hipertensiva, diabetes, restri??o do crescimento intrauterino e gemelaridade; e ces?rea de emerg?ncia. Posteriormente, os tipos de parto foram reclassificados em grupos maiores para a an?lise: Grupo 1: parto vaginal + ces?rea ap?s trabalho de parto; Grupo 2: ces?rea agendada + ces?rea por bolsa rota + ces?rea por patologia. A ces?rea de emerg?ncia foi analisada separadamente. Resultados: Foram inclu?dos no estudo 12.528 rec?m-nascidos, dos quais 6.894 (55%) nasceram por ces?rea agendada, 3.252 (26%) pelos outros tipos de ces?rea e 2.382 (19%) por parto vaginal, resultando em uma preval?ncia de cesarianas de 81%. Cinquenta e tr?s por cento das parturientes eram prim?paras. O peso ao nascer foi significativamente maior na ces?rea agendada do que nos outros tipos de parto. A idade gestacional n?o foi diferente comparando ces?rea agendada e parto vaginal, (mediana 39 semanas), mas foi maior nestes do que nos outros modos de parto (mediana 38 semanas). A necessidade de cuidados especiais (interna??o na Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo Neonatal) no Grupo 1 foi de 2,68% (intervalo de confian?a [IC]95% 2,06-3,31%) e no Grupo 2 foi de 2,85% (IC95% 2,25-3,21), diferen?a n?o significativa (p=0,680). Por?m, analisando por idade gestacional, a necessidade de cuidados especiais do Grupo 2 foi significativamente mais frequente para os nascidos antes de 38 semanas (p=0,023) e menos frequente para os nascidos ap?s as 40 semanas (p=0,026). Nas demais idades gestacionais n?o foram encontradas diferen?as significativas entre os grupos. A incid?ncia de disfun??o respirat?ria precoce foi de 0,93% (IC95% 0,56-1,31) no Grupo 1 e de 1,17% no Grupo 2 (p=0,389). A incid?ncia de encefalopatia hip?xico-isqu?mica foi 0,23% (IC95% 0,05- 0,42) no Grupo 1 e zero no Grupo 2 (p <0,001). Durante o per?odo do estudo, houve apenas uma morte materna, no grupo ces?rea de emerg?ncia. Conclus?es: Houve maior preval?ncia de morbidade neonatal, relacionada ao nascimento antes das 38 semanas de idade gestacional, no grupo que incluiu ces?rea agendada + ces?rea por bolsa rota + ces?rea por patologia, comparado ao grupo que incluiu parto vaginal + ces?rea intraparto, apoiando as recomenda??es de que as cesarianas eletivas devem ser evitadas antes das 39 semanas completas de gesta??o. Nesta amostra, a cesariana sem trabalho de parto pr?vio foi associada a risco reduzido de encefalopatia hip?xico-isqu?mica no rec?m-nascido.

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-30T18:12:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_ALINE_CARLA_HENNEMANN_PARCIAL.pdf: 366885 bytes, checksum: 6ba089ef0367b97f213ea850621ee052 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-30T18:12:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_ALINE_CARLA_HENNEMANN_PARCIAL.pdf: 366885 bytes, checksum: 6ba089ef0367b97f213ea850621ee052 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-30T18:12:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_ALINE_CARLA_HENNEMANN_PARCIAL.pdf: 366885 bytes, checksum: 6ba089ef0367b97f213ea850621ee052 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-31 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Introduction: Breast milk is the best food for infants; however, in some situations, especially when delivery was by cesarean section, it is necessary to complement the newborn feeding in the first days of life. There are doubts whether the use of complementary formula to breast milk in the first days of life could be associated with the onset of gastrointestinal symptoms in infants. Objectives: To investigate the association of dietary supplements in the first 10 days of life for term neonates born by elective cesarean section with the mother's report about infantile colic and vomiting/regurgitation in the first three months of life and the diagnosis of cow's milk allergy and gastroesophageal reflux in the first six months of life. Methods: A cohort study included term neonates delivered by cesarean section at Moinhos de Vento Hospital, a private hospital located in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from October 2011 to April 2013. Initial data were obtained from medical records and interviews with the mothers in the recovery room. Follow-up was done by telephone contact with the mothers at the end of the second week, at three months and at six months after birth. The factors under study were breastfeeding, prescription and use of food supplements, and type of prescribed formula. These variables were obtained for the first 48 hours of life, the first 10 days of life and for the first three month of life. The study outcomes were the occurrence of colic and vomiting/regurgitation reported by mothers in the first three months of life, as well as diagnosis of cow's milk allergy and gastroesophageal reflux in the first six months of life. Data were analyzed with the chi-square or Fisher's exact test using SPSS version 17.0. To control confounding factors, the Poisson multivariate regression was used. The significance level was 5% (p ? 0.05). Results: Nine hundred and sixty-four infants were studied, of whom 657 (68.1%) were exclusively breastfeeding, 215 (22.3%) had mixed feeding and 92 (9.5%) were fed only formula at the age of three months. Three hundred and seventy infants (38.4%) had frequent vomiting/regurgitation and 741 (76.9%) had colic, of which 382 (39.7%) were of medium/high intensity. The use of complementary formula in the first 10 days of life was not significantly associated with the studied outcomes. However, the type of feeding by three months of life was associated with some of these outcomes: infants not breastfed at all within the three months had fewer reports of vomiting, relative risk (RR) 0.63; confidence interval (CI) 0.45 to 0.89 95% (p = 0.009), and less colic, RR 0.65; 95% CI 0.46 to 0.94 (p = 0.022). Among these infants, a higher proportion was fed anti-regurgitation formulas. Partially breastfed babies had more maternal reports of colic, RR 1.22; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.45 (p = 0.024). At six months of life, 2.0% of the infants had diagnosis of cow's milk allergy and 3.1% had gastroesophageal reflux, outcomes that were associated with the type of feeding at three months but not at 10 days of life. Conclusions: In this population of infants born at term by cesarean section, there was no association between the use of formula supplements in the first 10 days of life, or the type of formula used in this period, and the incidence of colic and vomiting/regurgitation in the first three months of life, or the diagnosis of cow's milk allergy or gastroesophageal reflux in the first six months of life. However, the type of infant feeding at the end of the third month of life was associated with some of the study outcomes. / Introdu??o: O leite materno ? o melhor alimento para lactentes; entretanto, em algumas situa??es, principalmente quando o parto ocorre por cesariana, ? necess?rio complementar a alimenta??o do rec?m-nascido nos primeiros dias de vida. Questiona-se se o uso de f?rmulas complementares ao leite materno nos primeiros dias de vida poderiam estar associadas ao surgimento de sintomas gastrointestinais nos lactentes. Objetivos: Verificar a associa??o entre uso de complemento alimentar nos primeiros 10 dias de vida, em rec?m-nascidos a termo de parto ces?reo, com o relato materno de c?licas e v?mitos/regurgita??o nos tr?s primeiros meses de vida e no diagn?stico de alergia ao leite de vaca e de refluxo gastroesof?gico nos primeiros seis meses de vida. M?todos: Um estudo de coorte incluiu rec?m-nascidos a termo por cesariana eletiva no Hospital Moinhos de Vento, um hospital particular localizado em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, no per?odo de outubro de 2011 a abril de 2013. Os dados iniciais foram obtidos dos prontu?rios e de entrevistas com as m?es na sala de recupera??o. O seguimento foi feito por contato telef?nico com as m?es, ao final da segunda semana, aos tr?s meses e aos seis meses ap?s o nascimento. Os fatores em estudo foram aleitamento materno, prescri??o e utiliza??o de complemento alimentar e tipo de f?rmula prescrita. Estas vari?veis foram obtidas em rela??o ?s primeiras 48 horas de vida, aos primeiros 10 dias de vida e aos primeiros tr?s meses de vida. Os desfechos em estudo foram ocorr?ncia de c?lica e v?mitos/regurgita??es relatados pelas m?es nos tr?s primeiros meses de vida, assim como diagn?stico de alergia ao leite de vaca e de refluxo gastroesof?gico nos seis primeiros meses de vida. Os dados foram analisados com os testes qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher utilizando o aux?lio do programa SPSS vers?o 17.0. Para controle de fatores confundidores, foi utilizada a an?lise multivariada de Regress?o de Poisson. O n?vel de signific?ncia adotado foi de 5% (p?0,05). Resultados: Foram estudados 964 lactentes, sendo que 657 (68,1%) mantinham a amamenta??o exclusiva aos 3 meses, 215 (22,3%) estavam com aleitamento misto e 92 (9,5%) mamavam apenas f?rmula. Trezentos e setenta lactentes (38,4%) apresentaram v?mitos/regurgita??es frequentes e 741 (76,9%) apresentaram c?licas, sendo 382 (39,7%) de m?dia/alta intensidade. O uso de complemento nos primeiros 10 dias de vida n?o se associou significativamente com os desfechos estudados. Entretanto o tipo de alimenta??o aos tr?s meses de vida associou-se com alguns desses desfechos: os lactentes que n?o mamavam mais ao seio aos tr?s meses tinham menos relatos de v?mitos, risco relativo (RR) 0,63; intervalo de confian?a (IC)95% 0,45-0,89 (p = 0,009) e de c?licas, RR 0,65; IC95% 0,46-0,94 (p = 0,022). Entre esses lactentes, uma propor??o maior utilizava f?rmulas anti-regurgita??o. Os beb?s que mamavam parcialmente aos seio tinham mais relatos maternos de c?licas, RR 1,22; IC95% 1,03-1,45 (p = 0,024). Aos seis meses, 2,0% dos lactentes tiveram diagn?stico de alergia ao leite de vaca e 3.1% apresentavam refluxo gastroesof?gico, desfechos que foram associados ao tipo de alimenta??o aos tr?s meses mas n?o aos 10 dias de vida. Conclus?es: Nesta popula??o de lactentes nascidos a termo, por cesariana eletiva, n?o houve associa??o do uso de complemento alimentar nos primeiros 10 dias de vida, ou do tipo de f?rmula utilizada nesse per?odo, com a incid?ncia de c?lica e de v?mitos/regurgita??o nos tr?s primeiros meses de vida, e nem com o diagn?stico de alergia ao leite de vaca ou refluxo gastroesof?gico nos primeiros seis meses de vida. Entretanto, o tipo de alimenta??o do lactente ao final do terceiro m?s de vida associou-se a alguns dos desfechos estudados.

Submitted by PPG Hist?ria (historia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2017-11-03T16:34:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE - LUCIANA DA COSTA DE OLIVEIRA - VERS?O MENOR.pdf: 14177891 bytes, checksum: 99e2fd93dd19fb5b7b8d954e21be268a (MD5) / Rejected by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br), reason: Devolvido devido a 1) Diferen?a de entre o t?tulo da capa/t?tulo da publica??o cadastrada, e o t?tulo do restante do material (folha de rosto, ficha catalogr?fica, folha de aprova??o da banca). 2) Data de defesa cadastrada na publica??o (31/08/2017), est? diferente da data do arquivo PDF (22/08/2017) on 2017-11-16T17:39:40Z (GMT) / Submitted by PPG Hist?ria (historia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2017-11-20T19:47:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 final_corrigido.pdf: 13712674 bytes, checksum: 0fae3ff53f2742992410ac18fecb8139 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-11-28T18:59:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 final_corrigido.pdf: 13712674 bytes, checksum: 0fae3ff53f2742992410ac18fecb8139 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-28T19:05:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 final_corrigido.pdf: 13712674 bytes, checksum: 0fae3ff53f2742992410ac18fecb8139 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The main objective of this doctoral thesis is to analyze the way in which the image of the gaucho and the ga?cho was constructed and consecrated in the Argentine, Uruguayan and Brazilian painting of the 20th century, especially in the painting by Ces?reo Bernaldo de Quir?s (1879-1968), Pedro Figari (1861-1938) and Pedro Weing?rtner (1853-1929). In this perspective, starting from theoretical-methodological issues that include not only the dialogues that the images interlock, but, especially, their temporal and mnemic links, it was also aimed to establish a relation between the work that celebrated the gaucho and the ga?cho in the twentieth century with those that preceded it. Thus combining the nascent image of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries with that which was consecrated in the twentieth century, it was intended to define the diverse and multiple threads that, intertwined, produced a wide and complex network of meanings around the image of the gaucho and the ga?cho. These same threads, woven by times and memories, by yearnings and desires, besides particularizing the image of the man from the pampa, also reveals their uses and their functions. / La presente tesis doctoral, tiene como objetivo principal analizar la forma con lo cual la imagen gaucha y del ga?cho fue construida y consagrada en la pintura argentina, uruguaya y brasile?a del siglo XX, en especial en la pintura de Ces?reo Bernaldo De Quir?s (1879-1968), Pedro Figari (1861-1938) y Pedro Weing?rtner (1853-1929). En ese sentido, y partiendo de las cuestiones te?rico metodol?gicos que perciben no solamente los di?logos que las im?genes se traban entre s?, pero, sobre todo, en sus encadenamientos temporales y mn?micos, se ha objetivado, tambi?n, establecer una relaci?n entre la obra que ha celebrado el gaucho y el ga?cho en el siglo XX junto aquellas que los precedieron. As?, conjugando la imagen de los siglos XVIII y XIX, se pretendi?, pues, definir los diversos y m?ltiples hilos que entrelazados, produjeron una amplia y compleja red de significados acerca de la imagen del gaucho y del ga?cho. Esos mismos hilos, tramados por el tiempo y por memorias, por anhelos y deseos, aparte particularizar la imagen del hombre del pampa, igualmente revela sus usos y funciones. / A presente tese de doutorado tem como objetivo central analisar a forma com a qual a imagem do gaucho e do ga?cho foi constru?da e consagrada na pintura argentina, uruguaia e brasileira do s?culo XX, especialmente na pintura de Ces?reo Bernaldo de Quir?s (1879- 1968), Pedro Figari (1861-1938) e Pedro Weing?rtner (1853-1929). Nesse sentido, partindo de quest?es te?rico-metodol?gicas que percebem n?o apenas os di?logos que as imagens travam entre si, mas, sobretudo, seus encadeamentos temporais e mn?micos, objetivou-se, tamb?m, estabelecer uma rela??o entre a obra que celebrou o gaucho e o ga?cho no s?culo XX junto das que lhe antecederam. Assim conjugando a imagem nascente dos s?culos XVIII e XIX junto daquela que foi consagrada no XX, pretendeu-se, pois, definir os diversos e m?ltiplos fios que, entrela?ados, produziram uma ampla e complexa rede de significa??es no entorno da imagem do gaucho e do ga?cho. Esses mesmos fios, tramados por tempos e mem?rias, por anseios e desejos, afora particularizar a imagem do homem do pampa, igualmente descortina seus usos e suas fun??es.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2018-07-17T19:41:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O FINAL - JESSICA SP COSTA.pdf: 2171220 bytes, checksum: 3e2aa22230a1734216a93121fcc81d04 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-17T19:41:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O FINAL - JESSICA SP COSTA.pdf: 2171220 bytes, checksum: 3e2aa22230a1734216a93121fcc81d04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-11 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB / Overweight is one of the most common nutritional problems among children from developed and developing countries. Lifestyle changes including the food standard and physical inactivity brought changes on weight state with a potential effect to high the blood pressure. Chronic diseases such as obesity and cardiovascular illness have been associated to cesarean section by its effects on bacterial colonization inside the gastrointestinal tract of children that were born by a cesarean. The study aims to discover the association between overweight and systolic and diastolic blood pressure of preschool according as food standard of consumption and the ones borned through a cesarean. This is a cross-sectional analysis of a prospective population-based cohort, started in 2004, Feira de Santana - BA. The overweight (overweight + obesity) was analyzed by the body mass index and definite out based on Word Health Organization reference. The P.A was considered elevated when it achieved pressure levels ? percentile 90, for the age, gender and height obeying to the recommendations by the Brazilian Cardiology Society. Food consumption was characterized by standards (standard 1: milks consumption and derivates, vegetables and greens, tubers, cereals, fruits and fish; standard 2: salted, soft drinks/ artificial juices, candies, oils and fats and coffee/tea; standard 3: sausages, fast-food, catchup/mayonnaise and eggs; standard 4: red meats and chicken. Assessed covariables were the children characteristics, demographic and reproductive maternal. Were evaluated 618 children (51,7% boys and 48,3% girls). Overweight occurred on 28,6% of children. PAS and PAD elevated values occurred on 17,2% and 5,6% respectively. Overweight was associated with a high PAS (RP: 1,44, IC95%: 1,01 ? 2,05) and a high PAD (RP: 2,16, IC95% 1,13 ? 4,11). Food stands with a moderate to elevated consume of red meats and chicken were associated with ? high PAD (RP: 2,36; IC95%: 1,01-6,10). Positive association between cesarean parturition and a high PAS (RP: 1,65; IC95%: 1,09-2,51). Overweight was a factor associated with ? high PAS/PAD; the average and elevate consume of red meats and chicken were associated with ? high PAD between children with six years old; and the cesarean parturition was associated with a high PAS among the sample of children. / O excesso de peso ? um dos problemas nutricionais mais comuns entre crian?as de pa?ses desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. Altera??es no estilo de vida das crian?as, incluindo o padr?o alimentar e a inatividade f?sica, trouxeram mudan?as no estado do peso, com potencial efeito na eleva??o da press?o arterial. Doen?as cr?nicas, como obesidade e doen?as cardiovasculares, t?m sido associadas ao parto ces?reo, pelo seu efeito na coloniza??o bacteriana do tubo digest?rio de crian?as nascidas via cesariana. O objetivo do estudo foi averiguar a associa??o entre o excesso de peso e press?o arterial sist?lica (PAS) e diast?lica (PAD) de pr?-escolares, conforme padr?o de consumo alimentar e nascimento por parto ces?reo. Trata-se de uma an?lise transversal de uma coorte prospectiva de base populacional, iniciada em 2004, em Feira de Santana-BA. O sobrepeso (sobrepeso + obesidade) foi avaliado pelo ?ndice de Massa Corporal e definido com base na refer?ncia da Organiza??o Mundial de Sa?de. A PA foi definida elevada, quando atingiu os n?veis press?ricos ? percentil 90, para idade, sexo e altura obedecendo as recomenda??es da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia. O consumo alimentar foi caracterizado por padr?es (padr?o 1: consumo de leite e derivados, verduras e tub?rculos, cereais, leguminosas, frutas e pescados; padr?o 2: de salgadinhos, refrigerantes/sucos artificiais, doces, ?leos e gorduras e caf?/ch?.; padr?o 3: embutidos, fast-food, catchup/maionese e ovos; padr?o 4: carnes vermelhas e frango). As covari?veis avaliadas foram as caracter?sticas da crian?a, demogr?ficas e reprodutivas maternas. Foram avaliadas 618 crian?as (51,7% meninos e 48,3% meninas). O sobrepeso ocorreu em 28,6% das crian?as. Valores elevados de PAS e PAD ocorreram em 17,2% e 5,6%, respectivamente. O sobrepeso se associou ? PAS elevada (RP: 1,44, IC95%: 1,01 ? 2,05) e a PAD elevada (RP: 2,16, IC95% 1,13 ? 4,11). O padr?o alimentar com consumo moderado a alto de carnes vermelhas e frango se associou ? PAD elevada (RP: 2,36; IC95%: 1,01-6,10). Houve associa??o positiva entre parto ces?reo e a PAS elevada (RP: 1,65; IC95%: 1,09-2,51). O Sobrepeso foi fator associado ? PAS/PAD elevadas; o consumo moderado/alto de carnes vermelhas e frango se associou ? PAD elevada entre as crian?as aos seis anos de idade; e, o parto ces?reo se associou ? PAS elevada entre as crian?as da amostra.

In general, doctoral programs in counselor education and supervision (CES) have low minority enrollments. Faculty members in clinical mental health counseling (CMHC) master's degree in science (MS) programs primarily come from CES doctoral programs; therefore, faculty members do not generally reflect the diversity of the MS student population. Using the theory of planned behavior and the bioecological model, the purpose of this research was to determine the extent to which age, gender, faculty support, income, level of parents' or primary caregivers' education, and the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) accreditation status predict White and racial minority MS students' decisions to pursue CES doctoral studies and to see if there were differences between the factors for White and minority students. A demographic questionnaire and the Perceived Faculty Support Scale were used to measure the variables through multiple regression, Spearman rho, t tests, chi square, and the Mann Whitney U analyses. No variables were significantly predictive for either student groups. Because there were no significant differences between White and minority MS students choosing CES programs, an approach to increase the number of minority faculty members in CMCHC MS programs as a way of promoting positive social change might be for program administrators and faculty to recruit more minority students into MS programs in order to expand the pool of potential CES students. An additional recommendation is for current CES faculty to encourage more minority students who do choose CES doctoral programs to pursue faculty positions after graduation.