Our company uses more and more chemical substances. A lot of dangerous chemical substances and formulation, that are used by construction, or they are commonly used as products for our consumption, must be also stocked and must be transported into stock, factories and operation. Averages related to escape of dangerous substances represent huge hazards, that may threaten health and lifes of people, their property, or they can have negative impact on environment. I will adduce amount of stocked dangerous substances in Central Bohemia //Středočeský kraj// per year 2007 as a proof of a huge amount of injurants around us. In this work I will make analysis of the most often stocked and transported chemical substances (amonia, chlorine, hydrogen cyanide). I want to clarify hazards and mainly possible after-effects on health of citizens and on environment, that could start in case of averages with this substances. I will make an analysis of accessible sources (print news, evaluating reports, process case researches, possibilities of resolution of exceptional events, relief and account//liquidation// work) and I will compare them with processed accident and crisis documentation. In this work I would like to emphasize mainly reactions on possible average. I will create model situations with escape of dangerous substances through transportation and through stocking with possible reactions on them. I will use software tool Terex for their evaluation. I will appoint immediate acquisition //arrangements//, relief and account work on a basis of these model situations that must be carried out immediately after escape of dangerous substances and also following acquisition, either short time or long time. At the same time I will suggest preventive acquisition to lower the probability of rise of exceptional events with escape of dangerous substances.

Kvalitet hos översättningar är beroende av korrekt användning av specialiserade termer, som kan göra översättningen lättare att förstå och samtidigt minska tidsåtgång och kostnader för översättningen (Lommel, 2007). Att terminologi används konsekvent är viktigt, och något som bör granskas vid en kvalitetskontroll av exempelvis översatt dokumentation (Esselink, 2000). Det finns idag funktioner för automatisk kontroll av terminologi i flera kommersiella program. Denna studie syftar till att utvärdera sådana funktioner, då ingen tidigare större studie av detta har påträffats. För att få en inblick i hur kvalitetskontroll sker i praktiken genomfördes först två kvalitativa intervjuer med personer involverade i detta på en översättningsbyrå. Resultaten jämfördes med aktuella teorier inom området och visade på stor överensstämmelse med vad exempelvis Bass (2006) förespråkar. Utvärderingarna inleddes med en granskning av täckningsgrad hos en verklig termdatabas jämfört med subjektivt markerade termer i en testkorpus baserad på ett autentiskt översättningsminne. Granskningen visade dock på relativt låg täckningsgrad. För att öka täckningsgraden modifierades termdatabasen, bland annat utökades den med längre termer ur testkorpusen. Därefter kördes fyra olika programs funktion för kontroll av terminologi i testkorpusen jämfört med den modifierade termdatabasen. Slutligen modifierades även testkorpusen, där ett antal fel placerades ut för att få en mer idealiserad utvärdering. Resultaten i form av larm för potentiella fel kategoriserades och bedömdes som riktiga eller falska larm. Detta utgjorde basen för mått på kontrollernas precision och i den sista utvärderingen även deras recall. Utvärderingarna visade bland annat att det för terminologi i översättningar på engelska - svenska var mest fördelaktigt att matcha termdatabasens termer som delar av ord i översättningens käll- och målsegment. På så sätt kan termer med olika böjningsformer fångas utan stöd för språkspecifik morfologi. En orsak till många problem vid matchningen var utseendet på termdatabasens poster, som var mer anpassat för mänskliga översättare än för maskinell läsning. Utifrån intervjumaterialet och utvärderingarnas resultat formulerades rekommendationer kring införandet av verktyg för automatisk kontroll av terminologi. På grund av osäkerhetsfaktorer i den automatiska kontrollen motiveras en manuell genomgång av dess resultat. Genom att köra kontrollen på stickprov som redan granskats manuellt ur andra aspekter, kan troligen en lämplig omfattning av resultat att gå igenom manuellt erhållas. Termdatabasens kvalitet är avgörande för dess täckningsgrad för översättningar, och i förlängningen också för nyttan med att använda den för automatisk kontroll. / Quality in translations depends on the correct use of specialized terms, which can make the translation easier to understand as well as reduce the required time and costs for the translation (Lommel, 2007). Consistent use of terminology is important, and should be taken into account during quality checks of for example translated documentation (Esselink, 2000). Today, several commercial programs have functions for automatic quality checking of terminology. The aim of this study is to evaluate such functions since no earlier major study of this has been found. To get some insight into quality checking in practice, two qualitative interviews were initially carried out with individuals involved in this at a translation agency. The results were compared to current theories in the subject field and revealed a general agreement with for example the recommendations of Bass (2006). The evaluations started with an examination of the recall for a genuine terminology database compared to subjectively marked terms in a test corpus based on an authentic translation memory. The examination however revealed a relatively low recall. To increase the recall the terminology database was modified, it was for example extended with longer terms from the test corpus. After that, the function for checking terminology in four different commercial programs was run on the test corpus using the modified terminology database. Finally, the test corpus was also modified, by planting out a number of errors to produce a more idealized evaluation. The results from the programs, in the form of alarms for potential errors, were categorized and judged as true or false alarms. This constitutes a base for measures of precision of the checks, and in the last evaluation also of their recall. The evaluations showed that for terminology in translations of English to Swedish, it was advantageous to match terms from the terminology database using partial matching of words in the source and target segments of the translation. In that way, terms with different inflected forms could be matched without support for language﷓specific morphology. A cause of many problems in the matching process was the form of the entries in the terminology database, which were more suited for being read by human translators than by a machine. Recommendations regarding the introduction of tools for automatic checking of terminology were formulated, based on the results from the interviews and evaluations. Due to factors of uncertainty in the automatic checking, a manual review of its results is motivated. By running the check on a sample that has already been manually checked in other aspects, a reasonable number of results to manually review can be obtained. The quality of the terminology database is crucial for its recall on translations, and in the long run also for the value of using it for automatic checking.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:57:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo3187_1.pdf: 2434276 bytes, checksum: df6b126c4802eed8524aba0d3cb25af9 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Boudox Peres, Glaucia; Cabral Mota, Alexandre. A black-box testing technique for the detection of crashes based on automated test scenarios. 2009. Dissertação (Mestrado). Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 2009.

Orientador: Antonio Jose da Silva Maciel / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T18:51:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_SergioRodriguesdos_D.pdf: 706421 bytes, checksum: 4c9b0d692a736516619c26ec58521e8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi gerar uma metodologia para avaliar o processo de pulverização com a utilização das ferramentas da qualidade. Para tanto foram listados os fatores primários, secundários e terciários e com auxílio da ferramenta ¿check list¿ foram elaboradas as listas de checagem. Foram avaliados os fatores mão-de-obra, máquina, material, meio e método de 32 processos de pulverização antes da aplicação de defensivos agrícolas. Nesta avaliação cada fator recebeu uma pontuação onde a somatória foi de 750 pontos. Desta amostra foi avaliado a aplicação de herbicida de dez processos participantes do Programa Agrária de Qualidade Total Rural ¿ PAQTRural. Os itens de controle avaliados nos dez processos foram a qualidade de distribuição das gotas, o controle das plantas daninhas, falhas entre os rastros de pulverização e fitotoxidez causado às culturas. A qualidade de distribuição das gotas foi avaliada no momento da execução da aplicação do defensivo onde se posicionou vinte papéis hidrossensíveis na superfície do solo. Para avaliar a qualidade distribuição de gotas foi considerado o potencial risco de deriva (PRD), a densidade de gotas (N cm-2), o diâmetro mediano volumétrico (DMV) e a amplitude relativa (AR). Considerou-se também um total de 750 pontos para os itens de controle se todos estivessem em conformidade. Os resultados mostram que a pontuação média dos fatores mão-de-obra, máquina, material, meio e método foram 78, 211, 49, 20 e 94 pontos, respectivamente. Considerando a somatória dos pontos dos fatores para os 32 processos, o valor mínimo encontrado foi de 230 e o máximo de 620 pontos. Para os processos participantes do programa de qualidade pode-se notar uma menor amplitude onde a variação foi entre 410 e 620 pontos. A somatória dos fatores avaliados dos dez processos com os pontos obtidos nos itens de controle variou de 812 até 1263 pontos de um total de 1500. Com a metodologia pode-se identificar quais as causas comuns dos processos que podem afetar o seu resultado / Abstract: The purpose this work was bring a methodologist to evaluate the process of pulverization with the utilization of the quality assistance, then it were list the primary factors, second factors, third factors and with the support ¿check list¿ so it were elaborate the list. They were evaluate this factors like factor, machine agriculture, material and method of 32 process of the pulverization before application of defense agriculture, that the soma would be 750 points. This sample was evaluate the application of herbicide of the 10 participates process at Programa Agrária de Qualidade Total Rural ¿ PAQTRural. The items of evaluate in the Process were the quality of distribution of the drops controls on the weed and imperfect between sign of pulverization and phytoxicologist that causes for the culture. The quality of distribution of drops were evaluate the application of defensive on the position 20 hydro sensible paper on the pulverization bar. To evaluate the risk potential of drift (PRD) the density of drops (N cm ¿2), the volume mean diameter medium and (VMD) and the relative amplitude and also the value 750 points for the controls all of them were in conformity. The median punctuation of the factors like hand labor, machine agriculture, material and method were of the 78, 211, 49,20 and 94 points. The soma of points of the factors for the 32 process, the minimum value found was 230 and maximum of the 620 points. For the participant¿s process of quality program can watch the smallest amplitude. It being that variation was of 410 until 620 points. The soma of the evaluate factors for the 10 process with achieved point on the control changed 812 until 1263 points with the metodoly can identify the comum cause of the process can affect your result / Doutorado / Maquinas Agricolas / Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola

[pt] Este estudo pretendeu conhecer e analisar alguns aspectos do programa cheque cidadão, principalmente quanto ao seu formato, os atores envolvidos, as condicionalidades, contrapartidas e seus significados para a política de assistência social. Este programa de transferência de renda implementado pelo governo do estado do Rio de Janeiro destaca-se tanto pela sua significativa abrangência como pelo fato de instituições religiosas serem responsáveis pela seleção das famílias e distribuição do benefício. A pesquisa demonstrou que as ações desenvolvidas na execução do programa cheque cidadão reatualizam práticas clientelistas, populistas, de tutela e favor que reforçam a subalternidade dos beneficiários e nega sua condição de cidadania. / [en] Summary This study has intended to understand and analyze some aspects of the Citizen Check program, mainly regarding its format, actors, the conditioning rules, counterparts and its meanings for the social assistance policy. This program of income transference implemented by the Rio De Janeiro State Government in 1999 is distinguished in such a way for its significant compliance and for the fact that religious institutions are responsible for the election of the families and distribution of the benefit. The research has demonstrated that the actions developed in the execution of the Citizen Check program, update clientelistas, populists, and guardianship and favor policies that strengthen the subordination of the beneficiaries and deny its condition of citizens.

Le contrôle parlementaire de l’action du gouvernement est une fonction consubstantielle au régime parlementaire qui prévoit une séparation dite « souple » des pouvoirs. En 1958, le contrôle parlementaire s’est retrouvé encadré juridiquement par la constitution du 4 octobre 1958 et par la pratique politique avec l’émergence du fait majoritaire. Au sens stricte, le contrôle parlementaire est un contrôle de nature politique tournée vers la sanction du gouvernement. Si l’exercice du contrôle du gouvernement est assimilé à sa censure, il apparaît ineffectif. La réforme constitutionnelle du 23 juillet 2008 ayant pour objectif de revaloriser le parlement, a consacré sa fonction de contrôle à l’article 24 de la constitution qui dispose : « Le parlement vote la loi. Il contrôle l’action du gouvernement. Il évalue les politiques publiques ». Pour redynamiser l’exercice de ce contrôle, l’ensemble de ses instruments sont renforcés. En pratique, apparait un « nouveau » type de contrôle, un contrôle moderne de l’action du gouvernement axé sur la performance des politiques publiques, il s’agit de la mission d’évaluation des politiques publiques. L’efficacité des politiques publiques est conçue comme la finalité technique du contrôle parlementaire. Le renouveau du contrôle parlementaire ne peut se réaliser qu’avec un rééquilibrage des institutions, entamé en 2008 permettant un dialogue constructif entre le parlement et le gouvernement. Le contrôle parlementaire est un instrument de cet équilibre, un instrument d’influence du parlement sur la politique gouvernementale, dans une optique de perfectionnement des politiques publiques, leur évaluation en constitue un puissant vecteur… / Parliamentary oversight of government action is a consubstantial feature of the parliamentary system which provides a soft separation powers.In 1958, parliamentary check has been legally framed by the constitution of 4 october 1958 and the political practice with the emergence of majority rule.In its strict sense, parliamentary check is a political control turned to the sanction of the controlled object: the government. If exercise government control is equated with censorship, it certainly appears that this control is ineffective.The constitutional reform of 23 July 2008 aiming displayed to upgrade the parliament, dedicated his article to control function 24 of the constitution which now reads: "parliament votes the law. It controls the action of the Government. It evaluates public policies” To revitalize the exercise of parliamentary control, all instruments and exercise of control arrangements have been consolidated.In practice, appears a "new" type of control, modern control government action focuses on the performance of public policies, it is the program evaluation. The effectiveness of public policy is conceived as technical purpose of parliamentary control.The revival of parliamentary check can be achieved with a rebalancing of the institutions, started in 2008 allowing a constructive dialogue between the parliament and the government. parliamentary check is an instrument of the institutional balance, a parliamentary instrument of influence on government policy, with a view to development of public policies, their assessment is a powerful vector...

The purpose of this thesis work was to make a survey of current on-line payment technologies and find out which are they and how do they work? Compare and analyze them from a security point of view, as well as a usability point of view. What is good? What is bad? What is lacking? To achieve this purpose, an overview of the current on-line payment technologies was acquired through academic books and papers, Internet sites, magazines. Basic cryptographic and security related techniques were studied for the security analysis of current on-line payment systems. In this work, various current on-line payment systems were classified into two groups [Macro and Micro on-line payment systems]. This classification was based on the mode of on-line payment transactions. To analyze these on-line payment systems, a set of payment system requirements were formed [Security Issues, Usability Issues, Anonymity, Scalability etc]. Under the category of Macro payment system, Credit Card payment system, Debit Card payment system, Stored Value Card payment system, Electronic Check payment system, Electronic Cash payment system, Electronic account transfer payment system and mobile payment system transactions were examined. Under the category of Micro payment system, Hash Chain based Payment System, Hash Collisions and Hash sequences based Payment Systems, Shared Secrete Keys based Payment Systems and Probability based payment systems were examined. Based on the requirements of payment system, these on-line payment systems were analyzed and compared. In the analysis phase, the advantages and drawbacks of these payment systems were figured out. It was found from the study that the credit card based payment systems are the most widely used means of conducting on-line payments. It is evident that credit card based payment systems satisfy stakeholder requirements the best, as they offer more flexible payment options, having a large user-base, benefit from familiarity and simplicity of use and also allow international payments. The other on-line payment systems lack this flexibility It can also be extracted from the study that users want more simplified, convenient and secure on-line payment systems. Thus the futuristic on-line payment systems will have all secure payment options into one system.

Le budget est un instrument essentiel à la gestion publique, à travers lequel l’État peut mettre en place les politiques publiques et atteindre ses objectifs. La gestion du budget est orientée par le droit budgétaire, qui détermine, en outre, les compétences des pouvoirs législatif et exécutif dans les étapes du cycle budgétaire : la préparation, l’adoption, l’exécution et le contrôle. La distribution de compétences entre le gouvernement et le Parlement et les interactions entre ces acteurs vis-à-vis du budget déterminent le caractère plus ou moins démocratique du système politique de l’État. La participation du Parlement à la décision financière apparaît non seulement comme essentielle à la démocratie, mais aussi comme une garantie de plus de transparence et d'efficacité des finances publiques.Le Brésil est un pays dont la démocratie a été consolidée récemment, à partir de la Constitution Fédérale de 1988. Depuis la promulgation de ce texte, le droit budgétaire a beaucoup évolué pour prendre en compte une plus grande participation du pouvoir législatif et adopter un modèle plus efficace de gestion publique. Toutefois, les rapports entre les pouvoirs législatif et exécutif restent toujours conflictuels, l’exécutif ayant tendance à se superposer au législatif, y compris et notamment, en ce qui concerne le budget de l’État. L’objectif de cette thèse est donc d’analyser comment les pouvoirs législatif et exécutif interviennent au sein du cycle budgétaire et quelle est la nature des rapports entretenus entre Gouvernement et Parlement dans chaque étape de ce cycle, de façon à appréhender si le pouvoir exécutif domine vraiment la procédure budgétaire, comme il est souvent affirmé, et dans quelle mesure le pouvoir législatif contribue à la prédominance du pouvoir exécutif vis-à-vis du budget de l’État. / Government budget is an essential tool for Public Administration, which needs to make good use of it in order to implement policies and achieve its objectives. Budget management is regulated by budget law, which also determines the roles of the Legislative and Executive branches in the stages of the budget cycle: preparation, approval, execution and control. The distribution of powers between the Government and the Parliament and the interactions between these actors regarding the budget may determine if a given political system is more or less democratic. The Parliament's involvement in financial decisions is not only essential to democracy, but also a guarantee of greater transparency and efficiency in public finances. Brazil is a young democracy, one that has been consolidated only since the enactment of the Federal Constitution of 1988. From that moment on, Brazilian budget law has substantially evolved, the enhancement of the level of participation of the Legislature Power and the adoption of a more effective governance model being great examples. However, the relationship between the Legislative and Executive branches is still conflicting. The Executive branch has a tendency to overpower the legislature, especially when it comes to the government budget. The aim of this thesis is to analyze how the Legislative and Executive Powers are involved in the budget cycle and what is the kind of relationship that is established between them in each stage of this cycle. These research questions are intended to shed some light on the often-stated argument that the Executive branch dominates the budget process and to assess to which extent is the Legislative Power responsible for such a dominance.

The Auditory Steady State Response (ASSR) procedure has been established as a frequency specific, objective audiologic measure, which can provide reliable thresholds to within 10 dB of the behavioral thresholds. In order for ASSR to find its place in the existing framework of audiometric procedures, the full potential of the procedure needs to be explored. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of monotic ASSR in estimating hearing thresholds in a group of 15 normal hearing subjects and 15 hearing-impaired subjects. A comparative research design was implemented. Indicating that results obtained in the study was compared to relevant literature where dichotic multiple ASSR was implemented. This was done in order to ascertain ASSR’s capabilities with regard to stimulus presentation methods. Monotic single ASSR predicted behavioural thresholds in the normal hearing subjects within an average of 24 dB across the frequency range (0.5, 1, 2&4 kHz). In the hearing-impaired group, ASSR thresholds more closely resembled behavioural thresholds, with an average difference of 18 dB, which is consistent with recent literature. The literature suggests that better prediction of behavioural thresholds will occur with greater degrees of hearing loss, due to recruitment. The focus in this group also centered on the accurate prediction of the configuration of the hearing loss. It was found that ASSR could reasonably accurately predict the configuration of the hearing loss. In the last instance, monotic single and dichotic multiple ASSR were compared with regard to threshold estimation and prediction of configuration of the hearing loss in the hearing-impaired group. Little difference was reported between the two techniques with regard to the estimation of thresholds in both the normal hearing and hearing impaired groups. In conclusion it was established that monotic ASSR could predict behavioural thresholds of varying degrees and configurations of hearing loss in normal and hearing-impaired subjects with a reasonable amount of accuracy. At this stage, however, more research is required to establish the clinical validity of the procedure, before it is routinely included within an objective test battery. / Dissertation (M (Communication Pathology))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology / Unrestricted

Cracks in wood are considered to be one of the major problems for products, which have been made from this material. Crack detection and its propagation methods should be revised and improved with application of modern techniques. Nowadays new measuring techniques like digital camera image processing, and 3-D laser scanning are available. This work describes computer aided in-field methods for registration cracks in wood, its propagation, and tracing dimensional stability of glued laminated beams. The benefits of different methods for supervision of wooden element as well as its limitations are discussed. / <p>Validerat; 20120608 (anonymous)</p>