[pt] Assumindo uma perspectiva interacionista do desenvolvimento, acredita-se que no processo de aquisição e desenvolvimento da linguagem, biologia, natureza e cultura não podem ser consideradas como elementos separados dentro do desenvolvimento humano. Sendo assim, pressupõe-se que o contato com membros da sua comunidade linguística e, principalmente, a figura materna, são de fundamental importância para o desenvolvimento da linguagem infantil. O presente estudo longitudinal buscou investigar, a partir de aspectos sintáticos e semânticos, qual o papel da fala materna nesse processo. Para isso, participaram quatro díades mãe-bebê – uma menina e três meninos – que foram filmados uma vez por semana, durante quarenta minutos. A fala materna foi transcrita e analisada, bem como o desenvolvimento da linguagem do bebê, que foi medido através do MacArthur Inventary of Communicative Abilities (Inventário do desenvolvimento de habilidades comunicativas). Com os resultados, foram observadas algumas semelhanças e distinções entre as díades. Houve o predomínio de emissões maternas afirmativas para as quatro díades estudadas. As emissões negativas foram as que menos apareceram na fala materna. Sobre os aspectos semânticos, identificou-se o predomínio da fala materna relacionada ao contexto, seguida pela fala relacionada à criança e, por último, a fala relacionada à díade, em todas as díades observadas. Ademais, houve um aumento significativo no número de palavras produzidas pelas crianças participantes ao longo dos seis meses. Acredita-se que esse estudo possa colaborar e acrescentar na literatura referente ao desenvolvimento da linguagem infantil e, principalmente, contribuir com dados do contexto brasileiro sobre o papel da fala materna nesse processo. / [en] Assuming an interactionist perspective of development, it is believed that in the process of acquisition and development of language, biology, nature and culture can not be considered as separate elements within human development. Thus, it is assumed that the contact with members of their linguistic community and, especially, the maternal figure, are of fundamental importance for the development of children s language. The present longitudinal study sought to investigate, from syntactic and semantic aspects, the role of maternal speech in this process. For this, four mother-baby dyads - one girl and three boys - were filmed once a week for forty minutes. The maternal speech was transcribed and analyzed, as well as the development of the baby s language, which was measured through the MacArthur Inventary of Communicative Abilities. With the results, some similarities and distinctions between the dyads were observed. There was a predominance of affirmative maternal emissions for the four dyads studied. Negative emissions were the ones that least appeared in maternal speech. On the semantic aspects, we identified the predominance of maternal speech related to the context, followed by speech related to the child and, finally, the speech related to the dyad, in all the dyads observed. In addition, there was a significant increase in the number of words produced by the participating children over the six months. It is believed that this study can collaborate and add in the literature regarding the development of children s language and, mainly, contribute with data from the Brazilian context on the role of maternal speech in this process.

This thesis deals with not only a question of competence of nurses and their children's development, but also in terms of preparation of professional nurses. The nursing skills are necessary competence to perform the nursing profession. Represent this area of knowledge, skills and attitudes that are acquired through education. One of the ways to qualify nurses to the profession, is today a university course. The second method is a specialized education, provided that the candidate meets the conditions for admission and received his professional competence to practice nurses. Determination of the competencies of nurses in the Czech Republic is governed by Law No. 96/2004 Coll. Acquisition and recognition of eligibility for non-medical professions and for activities related to providing health care and amending certain related acts, the last decree on the activities of health workers and other professionals, No. 55/2011 Coll. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical cross section contains the history of pediatrics and nursing, selected chapters from health legislation and development of children's ward in České Budějovice Hospital. For the practical part, I chose a qualitative research method of interviewing and pediatric nurses. The research sample consisted of 10 nurses who work or have worked on the inpatient pediatric ward. There were set three goals in this work. The first task was to determine the development of competencies nurses. The second objective was to determine the extent of the authority nurses at present. In the last part of my job I surveyed whether nurses are aware of their general competence. The research showed that their competencies developed. A large share of this development has the technological development in medicine, new insights in treatment and use of modern diagnostic methods and increasing nursing education. Results of this research can serve for professionals in pediatric congresses and publication in professional journals.

The title of the thesis is Children in children´s homes ? perception of residential stays and their assessment. The first chapter provides the paper´s theoretical groundwork and consists of five sections that define the basic terminology and outline the key issues related to the thesis´ topic. The first section describes the development of social services and children´s homes as well as the current situation regarding shelter homes for parents and single mothers with children in the Czech Republic. The second section provides an insight into the phases of childhood corresponding to the age structure of the group of children that participated in the questionnaire survey described in the practical part of the thesis. The description of the individual phases focuses primarily on psychological development, the phases´ key moments and objectives and on the relationships with family, friends and peers. The third section looks into the influence of the environment on an individual´s development and life quality, focusing on home, family, the understanding of home and the influence of colours. The fourth section narrows its focus onto children in children´s homes. The second chapter is practical-oriented. It starts with a definition of the paper´s objective and its four hypotheses. The objective of the thesis is to identify variable factors influencing how children perceive their residential stays in children´s homes. The following chapter provides an insight into the research methods and the techniques used to collect the data. It also defines the target group and describes the actual research process. The research was carried out on the basis of a quantitative method, using data collected by means of a questionnaire survey. The target group consisted of 132 children aged 8 to 14living in shelter homes for mothers with children in the Czech Republic. The survey was conducted from 30th October to 29th November 2012. The fourth chapter presents the results of the research. It is divided into two sections. The first provides descriptive statistics of the questionnaire survey results, giving an overview of the answers to individual questions. The second sectionuses the SPSS 16.0 software to test the individual hypotheses and determine the dependent variables. Hypothesis H1: The presence of friends in a children´s home has a positive influence on a child´s impression of the children´s home. The influence of friends on the child´s impression of the children´s home is analysed in the following aspects: the building of the children´s home, the room in the children´s home and the interior of the children´s home. It has been proven that having friends in the children´s home positively influences only the impression of the child´s room. Hypothesis H2: The more often children stay in children´s homes, the more they like their stay. This hypothesis has not been confirmed. Hypothesis H3: The younger the children, the more they like their stay in the children´s homes. A statistically significant relation between the age and the positive acceptance of the stay in the children´s homes has been established. Hypothesis H4: The presence of friends has a positive influence on the feeling the children get from the home. Also in this case a statistically significant relation has been confirmed. Chapter five presents a discussion of the results, comparing the hypotheses and the findings of the questionnaire survey. The conclusion of the thesis summarizes the research results and discusses the general situation of children in homes and the handicap connected with their stay there. At the very end, the paper reflects on the situation and possible recommendations for practical work.

Orientador: Ana Luiza Silva Camarani / Banca: José Nicolau Gregorin Filho / Banca: Maria Augusta Hermengarda Wurthmann Ribeiro / Resumo: Esta Dissertação de Mestrado tem por objetivo apontar a importância e a abrangência da intertextualidade na obra Reinações de Narizinho, de Monteiro Lobato. Buscou-se esboçar os resultados de um enfoque primordialmente literário sobre a obra sem, contudo, desprezar a vocação pedagógica intrínseca da literatura infantil. Para chegar à intertextualidade, foi necessário, num primeiro momento, discorrer sobre Lobato e sobre as características da literatura infantil, bem como sobre a questão pedagógico-literária que esse gênero suscita. Depois, buscou-se colocar a forma pela qual se deu o surgimento da obra em estudo, apontando para o seu ineditismo e para a revolução que provocou, em termos literários e sócio-culturais brasileiros. Buscou-se a conceituação do maravilhoso e, a partir dela, a caracterização do maravilhoso lobatiano, entremeado com a realidade rural paulista de sua época, maravilhoso do conto artístico, de acordo com a definição de Zipes (1999, p. 18), que assume e desenvolve a narrativa em Reinações de Narizinho, assim como também se desenrola na narrativa. A utilização do maravilhoso do conto artístico é primordial para instituir e justificar a intertextualidade que traz, para dentro da obra lobatiana, desde as raízes e de grande parte do percurso da humanidade, a mitologia, a oralidade e o folclore, a filosofia, a literatura, diferentes tradições, valores e possibilidades culturais e os avanços da ciência e da tecnologia. O ciclo sucessivo que faz girar o real, o maravilhoso e o intertextual forma um amálgama que possibilita a união de tempos e espaços diversos da humanidade, reais e maravilhosos, e termina por remeter personagens e leitores de volta à realidade: à oralidade, ao livro, às histórias em quadrinhos, ao cinema e à televisão. / Abstract: The objective of this Master's Degree Dissertation is to indicate the importance and the reach of intertextuality in Reinações de Narizinho (Little Nose's Pranks), from the Brazilian writer Monteiro Lobato. We have attempted to outline the results of a mainly literary focus over the work, however without ignoring the intrinsic pedagogic vocation of Children's Literature. To reach intertextextuality it was necessary, in a first moment, to consider both Lobato and the characteristics of Children's Literature as well as the pedagogic-literary query raised by this peculiar genre of literature. Afterwords the attempt has turned into the way the literary work in study has arised, pointing to its originality and to the revolution it has caused in Brazilian literature, culture and society. We have searched, then, for the concept of wonder and, from that, for the characterization of Lobato's wonder, intermixed with his times' São Paulo's rural reality. Taking Zipes' definition of art tale (1999, p. 18), Lobato's wonder can be named wonder from art tale. This sort of wonder assumes and develops the narrative in Reinações de Narizinho, as well as it is uncoiled inside the narrative. Its use is fundamental to establish and ground intertextuality, which brings along with it, from the roots and from great part of humanity courses mithology, orality and folklore, philosophy, literature, different traditions and values, cultural possibilities and the advances of science and tecnology into the literary work. A successive cicle makes spin the real, the wonder and the intertextual and creates an amalgam which makes possible the fusion of different humanity times and spaces, real and wonder ones. It ends up by sending characters and readers back to reality: to orality, to the books, to cartoons, to the movies and to TV. / Mestre

Denna studies syfte var att bidra med kunskap om hur förskollärare tänker kring att bemöta barns naturvetenskapliga frågor för att skapa lärtillfällen. Åtta förskollärare intervjuades på några olika förskolor i en kommun. Med ett variationsteoretiskt synsätt analyserades informanternas svar och en variation av kritiska framgångsfaktorer kunde ses. Resultatet visar på att förskollärare ser det som en kritisk framgångsfaktor att utgå ifrån barnens frågor och funderingar för att skapa naturvetenskapliga lärtillfällen och välja lärandeobjekt. Även vikten av en tillåtande och medforskande vuxen ansågs som en kritisk framgångsfaktor för barnens naturvetenskapliga lärande. För förskolans verksamhet blir detta resultat viktigt då naturvetenskap i förskolan kan vara något som många tycker är svårt, med dessa framgångsfaktorer ges en bättre chans till att nå dit läroplanen för förskolan strävar.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T15:09:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1192309 bytes, checksum: 42f62fe4854065fff5863275ac1e0f2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present study departs from the interest in deepening the studies about the small child, and what it thinks about the children s school. As it forms to develop this research we define as axle the following objectives: To identify what the small child thinks about the children s school; To relate the necessities and expectations of the child with the proposals directed toward Children s Education; To analyze the referring data to the necessities and expectations of the children with regard to children s school with the intention of improvement of the quality of education. We understand that the Children s Education is a fundamental importance stage for the full development of the child. Being thus, our theoretical basis if it gave from the studies of authors who if had considered to write about the small child: Ariès, Kramer, Kuhlmann Jr, among others. As methodological proposal we opt to the study of case of the microethnography type. The sample was a group with eight children, all with five years old, in a school of João Pessoa-PB. We use the comment, drawings as form of expression of the child, the register of the children speechs through recording and questionnaire application with the mothers or the child responsible, with the objective to understand the reasons for which it had the choice of the related children s school. The results had evidenced the expression of the child through the drawing and speech pointing the children s school as a space destined to the learning and the entertainment, the desire of the child in visualizing a rich space in stimulus, colors and forms, the importance of the interaction child/child and child/ adult for the process of full development, as well as the necessity in improving the professionals formation of the children s education, with the intention of getting improvement in the teach quality. / O presente estudo partiu do interesse em aprofundar os estudos sobre a criança pequena, e o que pensa sobre a escola infantil. Como forma de desenvolver esta pesquisa tivemos como eixo os seguintes objetivos: Identificar o que pensa a criança sobre a escola infantil; Relacionar as necessidades e expectativas da criança com as propostas voltadas para Educação Infantil; Analisar os dados referentes às necessidades e expectativas das crianças com relação à escola infantil, com o propósito de melhoria da qualidade de ensino. Entendemos que a Educação Infantil é uma etapa de fundamental importância para o desenvolvimento pleno da criança. Sendo assim, o nosso aporte teórico se deu a partir dos estudos de autores que se propuseram a escrever sobre a criança pequena: Ariès, Kramer, Kuhlmann Jr., entre outros. Como proposta metodológica, optamos pelo estudo de caso do tipo microetnográfico. A amostra foi uma turma com oito crianças, todas com cinco anos de idade, em uma escola de João Pessoa-PB. Utilizamos a observação, desenhos como forma de expressão da criança, o registro das falas das crianças através de gravação e a aplicação de um questionário com as mães ou responsáveis pela criança, com o objetivo de compreender os motivos pelos quais houve a escolha da escola infantil referida. Os resultados evidenciaram a expressão da criança através do desenho e da fala, apontando a escola infantil como um espaço destinado ao aprendizado e à brincadeira, o desejo da criança em visualizar um espaço rico em estímulos, cores e formas, a importância da interação criança/criança e criança/adulto para o processo de desenvolvimento pleno, assim como a necessidade em aprimorar a formação dos profissionais da educação infantil, com o intuito de obter melhoria na qualidade do ensino.

This dissertation deals with the question whether there is in the course of time some change in the background and atmosphere of the children´s homes herewith the children ´s psyche because of the stay in such institutions. This work targets the children from children´s homes, the children from families and the tests made with them. This dissertation is divided into two parts {--} theoretical nad practical. The theoretical part deals with terminology, explanation of terms and bringing into the history of the children´s homes. This part of work also describes today´s types of the institutional upbringing, their insufficiencies and it discusses also the psyche of those children, who has passed through these upbringing institutions. The practical part is divided into the parts accordant with the tests of the experimental and the control groups. Due to these tests it is verified whether the children from the experimental group suffer from subdeprivation and wheteher there is a difference between the experimental and the control groups.

The thesis deals with the representation of children hero characters in the contemporary literature and movies for children and young people. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the influence of media and particular children fantasy heroes, Harry Potter and Isabella Swan. The practical part finds out children{\crq}s and students{\crq} opinions about media, books, movies and preferred and not preferred children heroes{\crq} qualities.

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar, descrever e interpretar aspectos históricos, conceituais e legais, as dificuldades e desafios que se relacionam com a criança pequena e a educação infantil, enfatizando a educação em saúde bucal, nas instituições de ensino infantil. Analisaram-se documentos oficiais e outros que se relacionam com a educação e/ou saúde e que servem ou servirão de suporte às ações de Educação em Saúde Bucal desenvolvidas nas instituições de educação infantil. O objetivo primordial foi fornecer suporte teórico para profissionais e estudantes da área de saúde e educação, que participam, desenvolvem ou pretendem participar e/ou desenvolver programas educacionais sobre saúde bucal para crianças de tenra idade. O resultado deste estudo afirma que os documentos estudados oferecem importante fonte de pesquisa para alunos e profissionais, da Saúde ou Educação, interessados na educação em saúde, especialmente na educação em saúde bucal voltada às instituições de educação infantil. O resultado esperado será altamente positivo se os programas educacionais forem desenvolvidos em conjunto e contando com a integração e envolvimento de membros da comunidade, das universidades e equipes das áreas da saúde e educação, enfatizando a integração das atividades de Educação em Saúde à Educação em Saúde Bucal, em função do desenvolvimento integral da criança e de seu direito legal e moral à Educação e Saúde, garantidos na Constituição Nacional. / The objective of this study was to identify, to describe and to interpret historical aspects, conceptual and legal, the difficulties and challenges that relate the small child and the infantile education, emphasizing the oral health education in the institutions of infantile education. It was analyzed official documents and others related with education and/or health that it serves or it will serve as a support to the actions of oral health education developed in the institutions of infantile education. The primordial objective was to supply theoretical supports for professionals and students of the Health and Education areas that participate, develop or intend to participate and/or to develop educational programs about oral health to children with tender age. The result of this study affirms that the studied documents offer important research source for students and professionals of the Health or Education area, interested in Health Education especially in Oral Health Education to infantile education institutions. The expected result will be highly positive if the education programs could be developed together with integration and involvement of the communitys members, the universities and teams of the health and education areas, emphasizing the integration to the activities of Health Education to the Oral Education Health, in function of the childrens integral development and their legal and moral rights of having education and health ensured by National Constitution.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-10-17T16:35:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 izabellelimamarino.pdf: 956040 bytes, checksum: 8d7b42041622b15784e87f78f0f88bf7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-10-25T12:02:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 izabellelimamarino.pdf: 956040 bytes, checksum: 8d7b42041622b15784e87f78f0f88bf7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-10-25T12:02:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 izabellelimamarino.pdf: 956040 bytes, checksum: 8d7b42041622b15784e87f78f0f88bf7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-25T12:02:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 izabellelimamarino.pdf: 956040 bytes, checksum: 8d7b42041622b15784e87f78f0f88bf7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-29 / A presente pesquisa trata das relações entre crianças e mídias, focalizando-se nas interpretações e práticas do professor de Educação Infantil e nas representações das próprias crianças construídas sobre as diversas leituras que elas fazem dos conteúdos e linguagens veiculados pelas mídias contemporâneas, em particular pela televisão e suas narrativas visuais. O pressuposto que direciona a reflexão ao longo do trabalho é de que as mídias são importantes fontes socializadoras. A abordagem principal da pesquisa parte dos campos da Sociologia da Infância e da Teoria da Comunicação, em particular das teorias da recepção. A orientação metodológica do trabalho centra-se nas falas dos professores, na observação da sua prática escolar e nos relatos das crianças. As questões que norteiam o trabalho procuram identificar as relações que os professores estabelecem com os saberes midiáticos das crianças e as práticas pedagógicas daí decorrentes. / The present work treats the relationships between children and midias, with focus on the interpretations and practices of the teachers and on the own children's representations, built by their several readings about contents and languages transmitted by contemporary midias, specifically the television and its visual narratives. The presupposition that guides the reflection along the work is that the midias are important socializing sources. The main support of this work lies on the following areas: Sociology of the Childhood and Theory of Communication, particularly the theories of reception. The methodological orientation of the work is centered in the teacher’s speeches, in the observation of its school practice and in the children's reports. The questions that guided the work try to identify the relationships that the teachers establish with the children's midiatic knowledge and the current pedagogic practices.