Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Commonwealth University, 2009. / Prepared for: Dept. of Public Policy and Administration. Title from title-page of electronic thesis. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 230-249).

Submitted by Cassiano Clemente Russo do Amaral (cassiano.russo155@gmail.com) on 2017-08-22T23:03:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação para repositório II.pdf: 1500022 bytes, checksum: 8668a1c5b10fb0c50afe27ff60bb0ba7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-23T18:28:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 amaral_ccr_me_mar.pdf: 1500022 bytes, checksum: 8668a1c5b10fb0c50afe27ff60bb0ba7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-23T18:28:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 amaral_ccr_me_mar.pdf: 1500022 bytes, checksum: 8668a1c5b10fb0c50afe27ff60bb0ba7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-07 / Neste trabalho, propomos uma leitura de interface entre Dostoiévski e Nietzsche à luz de temas como niilismo e cristianismo, tendo em vista uma possível relação entre os dois autores em um contexto de desmoronamento do solo metafísico expresso na formulação nietzschiana da morte de Deus, a qual, antes mesmo de Nietzsche, Dostoiévski já demostrava os sintomas desse acontecimento em seus livros, notadamente Memórias do Subsolo e Crime e Castigo, obras das quais é possível detectar a doença que contaminava a Europa e a Rússia do século XIX. Com estas palavras, nosso trabalho se situa numa zona limítrofe entre filosofia e literatura, com predominância do espírito dostoievskiano em suas páginas, sem menosprezar, contudo, a importância de Nietzsche para a discussão das páginas que se seguem. / In this work, we propose a reading of the interface between Dostoevsky and Nietzsche in the light of themes such as nihilism and Christianity, in view of a possible relationship between the two authors in a context of the collapse of the metaphysical soil expressed in the Nietzschean formulation of the death of God, which , Even before Nietzsche, Dostoevsky already demonstrated the symptoms of this event in his books, notably Memories from the Underground and Crime and Punishment, works of which it is possible to detect the disease that contaminated Europe and Russia of the nineteenth century. With these words, our work lies in a borderline between philosophy and literature, predominantly the Dostoevskian spirit in its pages, without neglecting, however, the importance of Nietzsche for the discussion of the pages that follow.

Esta pesquisa apresenta a primeira tradução do opúsculo Aduersus Valentinianos para a língua portuguesa, a partir do qual desenvolve uma análise de certos mecanismos persuasivos empregados por Tertuliano, o primeiro autor cristão latino, na legitimação e na consequente defesa da corrente proto-ortodoxa no seio do cristianismo, diante da expansão do valentinianismo no século III EC. Desta maneira, partindo do estudo de alguns preceitos retóricos clássicos, sobretudo de autores romanos, demonstra-se que o tratado analisado possui uma importância relevante no seio da literatura proto-ortodoxa, assim como, reflete a apropriação e adaptação das diretrizes discursivas clássicas pelos autores proto-ortodoxos do movimento cristão, dentre os quais se encontra Tertuliano. / This research presents the first translation of the booklet Aduersus Valentinianos into Portuguese, from which develops a analysis of certain persuasive mechanisms employed by Tertullian, the first Christian Latin author, in the legitimation and the subsequent defense of the proto-orthodox group within the Christianity, up against of the expansion of valentinianism in the third century CE. Thus, based on the study of some classical rhetoric precepts, particularly from Roman authors, demonstrates that the analyzed treatise has a great importance within the proto-orthodox literature, as well as reflects the appropriation and adaptation of classical discursive guidelines by the proto-orthodox authors of the Christian movement, among which we find Tertullian.

Esta pesquisa apresenta a primeira tradução do opúsculo Aduersus Valentinianos para a língua portuguesa, a partir do qual desenvolve uma análise de certos mecanismos persuasivos empregados por Tertuliano, o primeiro autor cristão latino, na legitimação e na consequente defesa da corrente proto-ortodoxa no seio do cristianismo, diante da expansão do valentinianismo no século III EC. Desta maneira, partindo do estudo de alguns preceitos retóricos clássicos, sobretudo de autores romanos, demonstra-se que o tratado analisado possui uma importância relevante no seio da literatura proto-ortodoxa, assim como, reflete a apropriação e adaptação das diretrizes discursivas clássicas pelos autores proto-ortodoxos do movimento cristão, dentre os quais se encontra Tertuliano. / This research presents the first translation of the booklet Aduersus Valentinianos into Portuguese, from which develops a analysis of certain persuasive mechanisms employed by Tertullian, the first Christian Latin author, in the legitimation and the subsequent defense of the proto-orthodox group within the Christianity, up against of the expansion of valentinianism in the third century CE. Thus, based on the study of some classical rhetoric precepts, particularly from Roman authors, demonstrates that the analyzed treatise has a great importance within the proto-orthodox literature, as well as reflects the appropriation and adaptation of classical discursive guidelines by the proto-orthodox authors of the Christian movement, among which we find Tertullian.

Orientador: Flávio Ribeiro de Oliveira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T21:25:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Donadon_DanielBueno_M.pdf: 1097747 bytes, checksum: c3b62e6aeb328f3fcfa73846e695fdad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Neste trabalho é apresentada uma tradução do primeiro livro da obra Adversus Haereses (Contras as Heresias), de autoria do bispo cristão Ireneu de Lyon. Escrito na segunda metade do século II d.C., o livro apresenta o pensamento gnóstico como algo distinto do ensinamento apostólico, algo que o autor se empenha em refutar para fundamentar um dogmatismo ortodoxo para a fé cristã. A motivação desse trabalho não é somente o de trazer à comunidade um livro talvez pouco conhecido, mas também o de contextualizar o complexo processo de formação do pensamento cristão, que pouco após seu início transitou de uma tradição judaica fechada em si mesma para um mundo helenístico de diversas filosofias concorrentes, dentre as quais se destaca os primórdios do neo-platonismo. A escolha do primeiro dentre os cinco tomos da obra completa foi feita por ser o único que pôde ser quase totalmente restaurado em sua escrita grega original, através de longas citações feitas pelos heresiógrafos que o seguiram. Não apenas isso, mas o corpo da filosofia gnóstica é exposta somente neste primeiro livro, centrando-se no comentário do sistema valentiniano. Um breve ensaio introduz os temas do cristianismo, do judaísmo e do helenismo para melhor compreensão dessa obra de Ireneu de Lyon / Abstract: This work presents a translation of the first book of Irenaeus's Adversus Haereses (Against the Heresies). Bishop Irenaeus of Lyon wrote his work on the second half of the second century A. D., and through it he exposed the flourishing gnostic thought as being in opposition to the apostolic teaching. He endeavored to refute these new ideas in order to support the dogmatic orthodoxy of Christian faith. This present translation is not only an effort to bring into Portuguese language a book hardly known to the community but also an attempt to discuss the complex formation of the early Christian thought, which passed from a hermetic Jewish tradition to a Hellenistic world of philosophies, including notably that of Neo-Platonism. The choice of translating the first book out of the five tomes written by Irenaeus is not without reason: it is the only book which can almost completely be rendered in its original Greek language through the juxtaposition of copious quotations made by early theologists, while the remaining books are existent only in a barbarous version of Latin. Not only that, but also the gnostic philosophy which is discussed in this work is exposed only in the first book, which devotes itself to denounce the ideas of the Valentine's gnostic school and those of his disciples' / Mestrado / Linguistica / Mestre em Linguística

Comment analyser et tenter de comprendre le fonctionnement et les transformations des économies conventuelles franciscaines généralement constatées à la fin du Moyen Âge dans les testaments conservés par les couvents et les notaires ? Interprétées comme un abandon de l’idéal de pauvreté et comme une trahison du projet originel de François d’Assise, justifiant la contestation et la dissidence des Spirituels puis la réforme de l’Observance, ces mutations de la vie franciscaine sont très vivement mises en lumière par les comptes quotidiens exceptionnels du couvent d’Avignon, les seuls de cet ordre religieux à avoir été non seulement conservés mais probablement aussi produits à partir de 1359. Malgré leurs lacunes, ils autorisent une reconstitution précise et minutieuse du mode de vie des frères, des mécanismes de leur économie, de la nature de leurs échanges avec la société urbaine ainsi que de leurs méhodes de gestion et d’administration pendant 120 ans. Ils permettent de lire l’économie conventuelle et les pratiques à la lumière de la conjoncture, brutalement inversée après le départ des papes, mais aussi à l’aune des normes et des principes élaborés par les théologiens de l’ordre et par les juristes de la fin du Moyen Âge. Ils montrent les efforts des Mineurs pour se soumettre aux aléas du marché local et la virtuosité technique avec laquelle ils s’y emploient. Ils révèlent les liens entre l’activité pastorale franciscaine, les pratiques dévotionnelles des fidèles et l’économie du couvent. Ils permettent de mieux saisir la nature des rapports entre la ville et les Mendiants et de proposer quelques éléments d’explication à leurs transformations, en lien avec les mutations des sociétés urbaines et des rapports à l’au-delà à la fin du Moyen Âge. / How analyse and understand the way the Franciscans ruled their houses in the late Middle Ages ? The transformations of conventual economics have been observed in notarial documentation and considered as the abandon of the original ideal of poverty, a betrayal of Francis of Assisi’s original project, that would justify the Spiritual’s protest movement and the Observant reform. These mutations are brought to light by the daily ledgers of the convent of Avignon produced and conserved from 1359 to 1480. It is possible to reconstruct the Friars’ way of life, their economics, the exchanges with the city and their specific methods of managing the convent. It is possible to analyse the conventual economic in the light of the economic crisis, the franciscan rules and norms elaborated by the theologians and jurists. The ledgers show the Friars’ efforts and methods to submit themselves to the local market. It reveals the links between pastoral activities, the faithful’s piety and the conventual economics.

L’universitaire bouddhiste japonais Masao Abe attira l’attention dans les années 1980 par des écrits comparants le bouddhisme et le christianisme, notamment les notions de « kénose » du Christ dans le christianisme et de « vacuité » dans le bouddhisme. Dès lors que nous cherchons à évaluer la validité du rapprochement fait par Abe entre « kénose » et « vacuité », il est nécessaire de questionner préalablement la conception qu’il a du concept de « vacuité ». Nous montrons que la compréhension qu’il en a est en relation constante avec la pensée du philosophe bouddhiste indien Nâgârjuna. Cela nous conduit à conclure par la négative quant à cette validité du rapprochement fait par Abe entre « kénose » et « vacuité ». Dans une deuxième partie, nous tentons de relever le défi auquel se mesure Abe de trouver un lieu de rencontre entre christianisme et bouddhisme en continuant à discuter ses écrits sur la question du moi dans la perspective du « pur amour » / The Japanese academic and Buddhist Masao Abe drew the public attention in the 1980s by comparative studies of Buddhism and Christianism, in particular through the notions of "kenosis" of Christ in Christianism and "vacuity" in Buddhism. Since we try to estimate the validity of the link made by Abe between "kenosis" and "vacuity", it is necessary to question beforehand his understanding of the concept of "vacuity". We demonstrate that his understanding of this concept is in constant relation with the thought of the Indian Buddhist philosopher Nâgârjuna. It leads us to consider negatively the validity of the link made by Abe between "kenosis" and "vacuity". In a second part, we try to take up the challenge Abe confronts himself in order to find a meeting place between Christianism and Buddhism by discussing the way he conceives the question of the self from the angle of "pure love"

S’inscrivant dans un courant majeur de la recherche historique et de la réflexion épistémologique actuelles sur l’étude des phénomènes de construction identitaire dans l’Antiquité, notre recherche s’intéresse plus particulièrement aux processus de construction de discours d’appartenance identitaire dans la littérature judéenne et chrétienne aux Ier et IIe siècles. Il apparaît vain de vouloir circonscrire une définition unique et unilatérale de ces identités durant cette période, car une telle définition s’avérerait plus utopique que réaliste en raison de la pluralité des mouvements qui composent le « judaïsme » et le « christianisme » anciens et des auteurs qui ont tenté, par leurs discours, de définir et de présenter ces identités. Établir une liste de critères pour délimiter ces identités et, par conséquent, pour distinguer ceux qui peuvent ou non se réclamer d’être Judéens ou chrétiens, nous semble inadéquat pour la réalité antique. Par conséquent, la perspective adoptée dans cette recherche est de réfléchir à la manière dont il convient d’aborder les identités anciennes et les processus de construction identitaire dans l’Antiquité à la fois comme objet d’étude et comme approche disciplinaire. Notre recherche consiste en une étude socio-historique des identités judéennes et chrétiennes des Ier et IIe siècles tout en proposant une réflexion méthodologique, épistémologique, terminologique et historiographique des questions et phénomènes identitaires anciens qui sont abordés dans une perspective « – emic » et « – etic » et à partir de divers postes d’observation prenant en considération des points de vue internes (insiders) et externes (outsiders) à ces identités. / As part of a major trend of historical research and of current epistemological discussion on the study of the identity building process phenomena in Antiquity, our research focuses specifically on the building process of identity belonging discourses in the Judean and Christian literature of the First and Second centuries. Restricting the Judean and Christian identities of this period to a unique and unilateral definition would be erroneous, since such a definition would be more utopian than realistic because of the plurality of communities that take part in ancient Judaism and ancient Christianity, and because of the plurality of authors that tried to define and elaborate theses identities in their discourses. Establishing a list of criteria to define these identities and, in turn, to distinguish those who may or may not declare themselves Judeans or Christians, seems inadequate for Ancient times. Therefore, the perspective of this research is rather to rethink how the problem of ancient identities as well as the problem of building process of identity in Antiquity should be addressed, by approaching it at the same time as an object study and a disciplinary approach. Our research is therefore a socio-historical study of Judean and Christian identities of the First and Second centuries as well as a discussion on methodological, epistemological, terminological and historiographical approaches of problems relating to ancient identities phenomena; theses are discussed through “– emic” and “– etic” from diverse elements that take into consideration internal point of view (insiders) and external point of view (outsiders) to these identities.

A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo apresentar a tipologia bíblica como fator de influência sobre a representação do povo judeu na civilização cristã. Para isso, busca-se descrever o procedimento de interpretação tipológica, enquanto forma de leitura e de composição do cânone escritural do cristianismo, salientando que a tipologia bíblica teve um papel decisivo na separação entre o credo cristão e o credo judaico. Observa-se a complexidade dessa ruptura, na qual houve uma legitimação dos escritos nucleares da tradição textual judaica, incorporando-os na Bíblia, paralelamente à desautorização das práticas de leitura dos judeus. Busca-se, recorrendo à formação do cânone cristão e aos escritos de antigos padres, Justino e Tertuliano, demonstrar que a tipologia bíblica envolve, além dos fatores interpretativos, uma apreciação negativa da figura do judeu, visto que, na ótica cristã, esse povo viola o princípio de dependência entre os assim chamados Antigo e Novo Testamentos. Observam-se algumas encíclicas papais, com o intuito de examinar a tradição cristã em seu estatuto de afastamento do judaísmo. Nesses escritos, constata-se que se mantêm a prescrição da tipologia bíblica e a recriminação de outras formas interpretativas. E, nos escritos contemporâneos de propagação do ódio contra os judeus, os \"Protocolos dos Sábios de Sião\" e os discursos de seus apologistas, percebe-se que a lógica da tipologia bíblica é uma forma particular e específica de caracterizar esse povo, que se sustenta ao lado, mas diferentemente, das representações depreciativas supostamente históricas. Propõe-se também um panorama da tipologia bíblica nas práticas literárias, percorrendo-se os estudos de Erich Auerbach e Northrop Frye, os quais demonstram sua influência bimilenar sobre a literatura ocidental. Sob essa perspectiva, apresentam-se duas obras de autores da literatura brasileira, um romance de José de Alencar e um poema de Jorge de Lima, que revelam dois modos pelos quais a tipologia bíblica se reflete na construção da imagem do judeu. A pesquisa, em seu conjunto, demonstra o quão relevante é reconhecer que a religião cristã consolidou-se historicamente a partir da cisão com o judaísmo e que, por essa razão, sustenta práticas de leitura que desautorizam as práticas da religião judaica. Mostra, dessa forma, que, muito frequentemente, esse ato de desautorização se estende dos preceitos religiosos para a comunidade judaica, formando e propagando representações depreciativas do povo judeu. / The aim of the present research is to present biblical typology as a factor affecting the representation of the Jewish people in Christian civilization. In order to do this, I endeavour to describe the procedure of typological interpretation as a means of reading and producing the canon of the Christian scriptures, emphasising that biblical typology had a key participation in the separation of the Christian and the Jewish faith.The complexity of this rupture, during which the main writings of the Jewish textual tradition became legitimised by their incorporation into the Bible, can be observed as a parallel to the discrediting of the Jewish reading practices. By resorting to the shaping of the Christian canon and the writings of the Early Church Fathers, Justine and Tertulian, I endeavour to show that biblical typology involves, besides interpretive factors, a negative appraisal of the Jewish, once that from the standpoint of Christianity this people would violate the interdependence principle between the so-called Old and New Testament. I study a number of papal encyclicals with the aim of examining the Christian tradition in its code of dismissal of Judaism. In these writings, the prescription of biblical typology is maintained, as well as the disapproval of other interpretive practices. Furthermore, in contemporary writings disseminating the hatred against the Jews, the Protocols of the Elders of Zion and their apologists\' discourses, one can notice that the rationale of biblical typology is a particular and specific form of characterising this people that is supported by, although independently, deprecating representations supposedly historical. I also propose a survey of literary practices of biblical typology, by going through the studies of Erich Auerbach and Northrop Frye, which demonstrate its influence along the last two millenia on Western literature.Under this perspective, I present two literary works by Brazilian authors, a novel by José de Alencar and a poem by Jorge de Lima, revealing two ways in which biblical typology is reflected in the construction of the image of the Jew. This research, in sum, demonstrates how important it is to recognise that Christian religion consolidated historically with its split from Judaism and that it thereby maintains reading practices that discredit Jewish religion. It shows, in this way, that more than often this act of discrediting spreads from the religious precepts to the Jewish community, thus shaping and disseminating representations that depreciate the Jewish people.

O objetivo central desta dissertação foi mostrar como os judeus messiânicos da sinagoga Beit Sar Shalom vêem a si próprios e como são vistos pelos grupos de fora de suas fronteiras étnicas, no caso, como eles são vistos pelas lideranças judaicas seculares e religiosas da cidade de São Paulo. O judaísmo messiânico é uma religião que mistura elementos do cristianismo, pois acredita que o messias enviado por Deus é Jesus, e do judaísmo, porque mantém parte de seus rituais, festas e tradições. A partir da análise realizada foi possível concluir que se trata de um tipo paradigmático de religião sincrética, em que os elementos ora do cristianismo, ora do judaísmo são cuidadosamente selecionados e aplicados a seu corpo doutrinário. O trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir da etnografia da sinagoga messiânica Beit Sar Shalom localizada em São Paulo no bairro de Higienópolis. Foram analisados aspectos ritualísticos dessa religião, assim como aspectos identitários a exemplo de rituais de iniciação e de passagem comparando-os com rituais judaicos tradicionais. / The central objective of this dissertation was to show how messianic jews from Beit Sar Shalom synagogue see themselves and how they are seen by the groups outside their ethnicity frontiers, in the present case, how they are seen by Jew leadership secular and religious from São Paulo city. Messianic Judaism is a religion that mixes elements of Christianity, because they believe that the messiah sent by God is Jesus and Judaism because maintaining part of the rituals, festivities and traditions. The results of this analyze should be seen as indicators that the religion was concluded as a kind of paradigmatic syncretic one, in which elements of Christianity and Judaism are carefully selected and applied to the doctrinaire body. The study was developed having as starting point the ethnography of the Beit Sar Shalom, messianic synagogue, located in São Paulo in the borough Higienópolis. Ritualistic aspects of this religion were analyzed as were identity aspects such as initiation and passage rituals, comparing them with traditional jewish rites.